Introduction to Computers

Welcome to Computer world
Prepared By KN.Sandramohan
Computer Resourse Centre
Kilinochchi
KN.Sandramohan CRC
Kilinochchi

Shibu lijack
Information Technology
Prepared By: KN.Sandramohan CRC Killinochchi

 An electronic device, operating under
the control of instructions stored in
its own memory unit, that can accept
data (input), manipulate the data
according to specified rules (process),
produce information (output) from the
processing, and store the results for
future use.
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Kilinochchi

Computer
•
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CHARACTERISTICS OF A COMPUTER
 Speed
 Accuracy
 Efficiency
 Versatility
 Diligence
 Storing and retrieving
 No intelligence
 No feelings

History of Computer
• Abacus, which is supposed to be the first machine people used for
mathematical calculations.
Around 1642, a French mathematician called Blaise Pascal invented the
adding machine this can be called asPascaline
• A German mathematician called Gottfried Wilhelm improved Pascal’s
machine further in around 1674.
• An Englishman called Charles Babbage designed the first model
required for a mechanical computer in 1822. It
• was called the “Difference engine”, Later in 1833 he designed “Analytical
engine”. The concept of this
• Analytical engine helps to develop the computer later so he is called as the
Father of computer.
A friend of Babbage called Ada Augusta Lovelace was keen on preparing
programs required for Babbage’s
• engine. She is considered to be the first computer programmer in the
world.

Computer Generation
Generation Technology
1 st Generation Vacuum Tube
2 nd Generation Transistor
3 rd Generation IC (Integrated Circuit)
4 th Generation Micro Processors
5 th Generation Artificial Intelligence

DATA AND INFORMATION
•
Data:-Data are the collection of facts, numbers, letters, images and
measurements that are not processed in any mean. These are the raw
material for computer processing.
• Eg:- Maths and science marks of a student are 75 and 95
respectively.
• Information:-Information is systematically processed data that gives a
comprehensive meaning to the recipient. It can be called as a
processed data. It is meaningful.
Eg:- Maths and science marks of a student are 75 and 95 respectively.
The total marks of that student are 170 and
the average is 85.

BASIC OPERATIONS OF A COMPUTER
 Input data and instructions
 Process data and
instructions
 Output information
 Store data and information
 Communicate

Classification of computerSize
• Super
computer
• Main frame
Computer
• Mini
Computer
• Micro
Computer
Technology
• Digital
• Analog
• Hybrid
Purpose
• General
• Special

HARDWARE
The basic electronic and electro
mechanical tangible parts in a computer
can be called as hardware. It includes
several components.
① Input devices
② Output devices
③ Storage devices
④ Processing devices
⑤ Communication devicesKN.Sandramohan CRC Kilinochchi 15

Liveware
Softwares

Configurations of Computer

Configurations
MainParts Processors
Ram
Hard Disk

Configurations
 Processors
P-i,P-ii,P-iii,P-iv
Dual Core, Core 2 Duo
i3,i5,i7( i Series)
2nd, 3rd Gen
 Ram
DDRi,DDRii.DDRiii(2GB,4GB,8GB)
 Hard disk
320GB,500 GB,1024 GB(1 TB)
 Operating System
Linux, Windows 7,Windows 8
 Monitor
CRT,LCD, LED,OLED

What does a computer do?
• Input
• Process
• Output
• Storage
Processor
Control Unit/Arithmetic Logic
Unit
Memory
Storage Devices
Input
Device
s
Output
Devices

Input Devices
Any hardware component
that allows you to enter
data, programs,
commands, and user
responses into a
computer

Input Devices

1.Keyboard

Multimedia Keyboards

Mouse

Mic

Barcode Reader

Digital Camera

Track ball

Joystick

Scanner

Optical Mark Reader

• The devices used to get the computer
processed data and information out are
considered as output devices. Many
devices are used to output information.

Output Devices
Monitor
Headphone
Punch card reader
Printer
Plotter
Speaker
Woofer

Printers

Speakers

Monitors

Projectors

Monitors
Monitors display the output on the screen. The
quality of a monitor is its resolution and the number
of colours that it can show.
The resolution of the monitor is the number of
picture elements which can be indicated separately
at a time. Monitors are found in Four basic forms.
CRT
LCD
LED
OLED

Monitors Different
• CRT – Monitors manufactured using Cathode
Rays Tube(CRT) technology.
• LCD – Monitors manufactured using Liquid
Crystal Display (LCD) technology.
• LED – Monitors manufactured using Light
Emitting Diode (LED) technology.
• OLED – Monitors manufactured using Organic
Light Emitting Diode (OLED) technology.

Advantages of LED Monitors
• When comparing monitors designed using Liquid
Crystal Display with monitors designed using
Cathode Rays Tube, the following characteristics
can be noticed in LCDs
• Less space.
• Very low power consumption.
• Lack of flicker.
• Comparatively expensive.
• More Brightness

Printers
The printer takes a special role
among the data output devices. The
copies taken from the printer are
called hard copies and the copies in
the digital format are called soft
copies.

Major types of Printers
• Dot matrix- Ribbon
• Inkjet Printers-Ink
• Laser-Toner

Types of Printer

Impact printer
• Printing is done here by hammering an inked
ribbon. Due to the hammering the ink which is
in the ribbon gets printed on the paper and
this draws letters, symbols and figures as
required.

Dot matrix printer
• The dot matrix printer is used in most
institutions for printing. The advantage of
these printers is minimum cost per copy and
the ability to get several copies at a time as
required using carbon papers. The
disadvantages of these printers are the high
sound created in printing and the low speed in
printing.

Non impact printer
• Various techniques are used here for printing.

Inkjet printer
• These printers are used to take black and
white or colour print outs. Liquid ink is stored
in the cartridge of these printers and the holes
in the cartridge, which are called nozzles,
spray ink on the paper in the required way.

Laser printer
Laser printers are operated in the same way a
photocopy machine is operated. It uses the laser
beams to print. It is very expensive and the
copies are very clear than using other printers.
This is very noiseless printer.

Storage Devices

Examples

Data sizes

Software

Operating system
• The operating system provide an interface for its users
by hiding the complexity of the computer hardware and
other software when we activate the computer, the
operating system functions automatically, creating the
environment necessary for us to use the computer.
Perform basic tasks such as recognizing input from
keyboard, sending output to the screen. Without
operating system a computer would be useless. There
are two user interfaces in an operating system. they are,
•  GUI – Graphical User Interface
•  CLI – Command Line Interface

Functions of an Operating system
•  Process management
•  Memory management
•  Device management
•  File management
•  Security management

Some Operating system
Windows
Macintosh(Mac)
Linux (Open source)

Mobile Operating Systems

Windows
• Ms Dos
• Windows 95
• Windows 98
• Windows ME
• Windows XP
• Windows Vista
• Windows 7
• Windows 8

Macintosh (Mac)
• OSX Leaperd
• OSX Lion 10.8
• OSX Mavericks

Linux (Open source)
• Ubuntu 13.5
• Edu Ubuntu
• Solaris

Introduction to Computers

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