1. 4G WIRELESS
TECHNOLOGY

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 What is 4G?
 What's New in 4G?
 3G vs. 4G
 4G Network Features
 How 4G works
 Technology used in 4g
 Application
 Challenges
 Conclusion

3. WHAT IS 4G?
 Fully IP based integrated system
 Capability to provide speed between 100 Mbps to 1
Gbps ( both indoor and outdoor) with premium quality
and high security.
 A single worldwide cellular network completely
standardized based on the IP for video, Voice over IP
(VoIP)

4. WHAT'S NEW IN 4G?
 Entirely packet-switched networks.
 All network elements are digital.
 Higher bandwidths to provide multimedia services at
lower cost (up to 100MHz).
 Tight network security.

7. 3G VS. 4G
3G (including 2.5G) 4G
Network Architecture Wide area cell-based Hybrid - Integration of Wireless
LAN (WiFi, Bluetooth) and wide
area
Speeds 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps 20 to 100 Mbps in mobile mode
Frequency Band Dependent on country or Higher frequency bands (2-8
continent (1800-2400 GHz)
MHz)
Bandwidth 5-20 MHz 100 MHz (or more)
Switching Design Circuit All digital with packetized voice
Basis
Access W-CDMA, 1xRTT, Edge OFDM and MC-CDMA (Multi
Carrier CDMA)
Technologies
Component Design Optimized antenna multi-band adapters Smarter
design, multi-band Antennas, software multiband
adapters and wideband radios
IP A number of air link All IP (IP6.0)
protocols, including IP
5.0

9. FEATURES OF 4G NETWORKS
 4G networks are all-IP (Internet
Protocol) based heterogeneous
networks
 This will allow users to:
 Select any system at any time
and any where
 Use Multiple systems at the
same time (e.g. GPS and
WLANs and CDMA)
 A wide range of applications
using only one 4G integrated
terminal

10. FEATURES OF 4G NETWORKS (CONT.)
 Support interactive multimedia services: teleconferencing,
wireless Internet, etc.
 Wider bandwidths, higher bit rates.
 Global mobility and service portability.
 Low cost.
 Scalability of mobile networks (>10 times the capacity of 3G).

11. HOW 4G WORKS (WORKING PRINCIPLE)
 The IP address is based on IPv6.
 IPv4: X.X.X.X (32 bits)
example: 216.37.129.9
 IPv6: 4 × IPv4 (128 bits)
 example:
 216.37.129.9 , 79.23.178.229 , 65.198.2.10 , 192.168.5.120
home care-of mobile IP local network
address address address address

12. IPV4 VS. IPV6
IPv4 IPv6
Structure 32 bits 128 bits
Poor
Security Enhance security
security
1. Multi-fun. and mobile fun. are built-
Function Addressing in
2. Plug & Play (Auto-Configuration)

13. Difficulty in continuously increasing bandwidth and high
data rate to meet multimedia services requirements,
together with the coexistence of different services needing
different QoS and bandwidth.
Limitations of spectrum and its allocation
Difficult to roam across distinct service environment in
different frequency bands.
Lack of end-to-end seamless transport mechanism
spanning a mobile sub-network and fixed one.

14. Due to substantial growth in overall number of subscriber
Due to massive demand of new services like data, audio
image or video

16. OFDM
 UWB
 Smart antennas
 IPv6

18. IT transmits large amounts of digital data over a radio
wave.
 OFDM works by splitting the radio signal into multiple
smaller sub-signals that are then transmitted simultaneously
at different frequencies to the receiver .
 By inserting a cyclic prefix between adjacent OFDM signal
inter signal interference is virtually eliminated if the max.
channel delay spread is less than the time interval of cyclic
prefix.
In OFDM the subcarrier pulse used for transmission is
rectangular.

20. An advanced technology that can be used in 4G technology.
 It is typically detected as noise.
 It can use any part of the frequency spectrum, which means
that it can use frequencies that are currently in use by
other radio frequency devices .
It uses a frequency of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz.
It uses less power , since it transmits pulse instead of
continuous signal.
Special antennas are needed to tune and aim the signal.

21. IPv6 means Internet Protocol Version 6 .
The Internet Protocol(IP) is the method or protocol which
data is sent from one.
Each computer (known as a host) on the Internet has at least
one IP that uniquely identifies it from all other computers on
the Internet.
It includes128 bits, which is 4 times more than 32bits IP
address in IPv4

22. 32 bits IP address looks like this 216.37.129.9
216.37.129.9 may be written like
11011000.00100101.10000001.00001001
the IP address in IPv6 version will be 4 times of IPv4; it looks like
216.37.129.9,
79.23.178.229,65.198.2.10,192.168.5.120
i.e. IPv6 contains 4 sets of IPv4 address.
all 4 sets are defined in different functions and usages.
the first set of the IP address (216.37.129.9) can be defined to
be the “ home address” purpose. It just likes the normal IP address
that we use for addressing in the Internet and network

23. In wireless networks, Quality of Service (QOS) refers to
the measure of the performance for a system reflecting its
transmission quality and service availability.
 4G is expected to have at least a reliability of 99.99%).
 In 4G QOS may be divided in following ways-
 Transaction-level QOS describes both the time it takes
to complete a transaction and the packet loss rate.
 Circuit-level QOS includes call blocking for new as well
as existing calls .
 User-level QoS depends on user mobility and
application type .

24. HANDOFF MANAGEMENT
 Horizontal handoff is
performed when the terminal
moves from one cell to another
within the same wireless
system.
 Vertical handoff is performed
when the terminal moves
between two different wireless
systems (e.g., from WLAN to
GSM) .

25. In traffic control.
 location application.
 Telemedicine.
 In crisis management application.

26. CHALLENGES TO 4G:
 To Provide lower Expenditure cost and Capital Cost
 To Support Wide variety of spectrum band
 To Develop cost effective High Performance Cell
Site
 To Provide more ‘’Bandwidth‘’ at backhaul portion of
network
 To Support Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
application

27. A major concern is interoperability between the signaling
techniques that are planned for use in 4G.
 Cost is another factor that could hamper the progress of
4G technology. The equipment required to implement the
next-generation network are still very expensive.
 A Key challenge facing deployment of 4G technologies is
how to make the network architectures compatible with each
other. This was one of the unmet goals of 3G.
 As regards the operating area, rural areas and many
buildings in metropolitan areas are not being served well by
existing wireless networks.

28. As the history of mobile communications shows, attempts have
been made to reduce a number of technologies to a single
global standard. Projected 4G systems offer this promise of a
standard that can be embraced worldwide through its key
concept of integration. Future wireless networks will need to
support diverse IP multimedia applications to allow sharing of
resources among multiple users. There must be a low
complexity of implementation and an efficient means of
negotiation between the end users and the wireless
infrastructure. The fourth generation promises to fulfill the goal
of PCC (personal computing and communication)—a vision that
affordably provides high data rates everywhere over a wireless
network.