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- 1. What we talk about when we talk about Argument
- 2. Let’s start with a claim
- 3. ALL bicycles have two wheels
- 4. ALL bicycles have two wheels This is a bicycle.
- 5. ALL bicycles have two wheels This is a bicycle. It has 2 wheels.
- 6. A Syllogism
- 7. A Syllogism All bicycles have 2 wheels Premise
- 8. A Syllogism All bicycles have 2 wheels Premise This is a bicyclePremise
- 9. A Syllogism All bicycles have 2 wheels Premise This is a bicyclePremise (Therefore) it has 2 wheels. Conclusion
- 10. A Syllogism All bicycles have 2 wheels Premise This is a bicyclePremise (Therefore) it has 2 wheels. ConclusionVALID
- 11. Mr. Stearns is rich. A Syllogism All teachers are richPremise Mr. Stearns is a teacher.Premise ???Conclusion
- 12. Mr. Stearns is rich. A Syllogism All teachers are richPremise Mr. Stearns is a teacher.Premise Conclusion
- 13. Mr. Stearns is rich. A Syllogism All teachers are richPremise Mr. Stearns is a teacher.Premise ConclusionVALID
- 14. Milo is fuzzy. A Syllogism Premise Premise ??? Conclusion All puppies are fuzzy Milo is a puppy.
- 15. Milo is fuzzy. A Syllogism Premise Premise Conclusion All puppies are fuzzy Milo is a puppy.
- 16. Milo is fuzzy. A Syllogism Premise Premise Conclusion All puppies are fuzzy Milo is a puppy. VALID
- 17. Milo doesn’t care A Syllogism? Premise Premise Conclusion All Honey Badgers don’t care Milo is a honey badger
- 18. Milo doesn’t care A Syllogism? Premise Premise Conclusion All Honey Badgers don’t care Milo is a honey badgerVALID
- 19. Milo doesn’t care A Syllogism? Premise Premise Conclusion All Honey Badgers don’t care Milo is a honey badger
- 20. Milo doesn’t care A Syllogism? Premise Premise Conclusion All Honey Badgers don’t care Milo is a honey badgerINVALID
- 22. Let’s continue with a different claim
- 23. Women should be allowed to fight in US combat units
- 24. 1) They are physically capable. 2) Their presence would weaken gender stereotypes. 3) This would expand the opportunities for women in the military. Because...
- 25. 1) They are physically capable. What is the implied assumption? Because...
- 26. 2) Their presence would weaken gender stereotypes. What is the implied assumption? Because...
- 27. 3)This would expand the opportunities for women in the military. What is the implied assumption? Because...
- 28. Stephen Toulmin
- 29. Terms:
- 30. Terms: Claim
- 33. Terms: Claim Reason Warrant Used to be called “implied assumption”
- 35. Example: Claim Reason Warrant I shouldn’t have to take Algebra
- 36. Example: Claim Reason Warrant I shouldn’t have to take Algebra because I want to be a lawyer
- 37. Example: Claim Reason Warrant I shouldn’t have to take Algebra because I want to be a lawyer career utility should be the main justification for class requirements
- 39. Your Turn: Claim Reason Warrant You should have to take algebra...
- 40. Your Turn: Claim Reason Warrant You should have to take algebra... ??????
- 41. Your Turn: Claim Reason Warrant You should have to take algebra... ?????? ??????
- 42. An Argument: Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones ...because they prevent kids from developing empathy. Reason Claim
- 43. An Argument: Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones ...because they prevent kids from developing empathy. Reason Claim Grounds •testimony from kids •research connecting technology use with negative behavior on-and offline
- 44. An Argument: Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones ...because they prevent kids from developing empathy. Reason Claim Grounds •testimony from kids •research connecting technology use with negative behavior on-and offline Grounds provide evidence to support the reason.
- 46. So Far: Claim Reason Warrant Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones
- 47. So Far: Claim Reason Warrant Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones ...because they prevent kids from developing empathy.
- 48. So Far: Claim Reason Warrant Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones ...because they prevent kids from developing empathy. Developing empathy is an crucial element of growing up that parents should nurture.
- 49. So Far: Claim Reason Warrant Backing Arguments that show how important empathy is a child/ adult’s life.
- 50. So Far: Claim Reason Warrant Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones Backing Arguments that show how important empathy is a child/ adult’s life.
- 51. So Far: Claim Reason Warrant Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones ...because they prevent kids from developing empathy. Backing Arguments that show how important empathy is a child/ adult’s life.
- 52. So Far: Claim Reason Warrant Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones ...because they prevent kids from developing empathy. Developing empathy is an crucial element of growing up that parents should nurture. Backing Arguments that show how important empathy is a child/ adult’s life.
- 53. So Far: Claim Reason Warrant Backing Evidence that supports the warrant
- 54. So Far: Claim Reason Warrant Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones Backing Evidence that supports the warrant
- 55. So Far: Claim Reason Warrant Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones ...because they prevent kids from developing empathy. Backing Evidence that supports the warrant
- 56. So Far: Claim Reason Warrant Parents should not allow their kids to own cellphones ...because they prevent kids from developing empathy. Developing empathy is an crucial element of growing up that parents should nurture. Backing Evidence that supports the warrant
- 57. Almost Done
- 59. Two More terms: Rebuttal The opposing argument against your claim
- 60. Two More terms: Rebuttal Cellphones should be allowed because they help kids connect with their peers.
- 61. Two More terms: The degree to which you are confident in your claim. Qualifier
- 62. Two More terms: Cellphones should DEFINITELY be banned Qualifier
- 63. Two More terms: Cellphones should POSSIBLY be banned Qualifier
- 64. Two More terms: We should consider whether cellphones should be banned. Qualifier
- 66. OK, your turn: Warrant Backing Grounds Reason Claim Rebuttal Qualifier All students should be required to take AP Language in order to graduate.