1. Argument

2. T
h
e
G
r
e
e
k
s

3. Rhetoric

4. Rhetoric
The ways we convince people to do, think,
or say what we want

5. The Tree of Rhetoric

6. The Tree of Rhetoric
Logos

7. The Tree of Rhetoric
Pathos
Logos

8. The Tree of Rhetoric
Pathos
Logos
Ethos

9. Logical

10. Logos
Syllogism:
All students want to Learn
Brenda is a Student
Brenda Wants to Learn

11. Logos
Commonplace--Audience already
Enthymeme:
believes this
All students want to Learn
Brenda is a Student
Brenda Wants to Learn

12. Logos
Deductive Reasoning: Reasoning from Principles
We all know that freedom is better than
slavery, so a freer school system is clearly
better for all
Inductive Reasoning: Reasoning from Experience
In every school system we studied, those with
later start times had better attendance and
Test Scores

13. Logos
Statistics:
45% of High school principals believe
that school should start sooner

14. Logos
Cause/Effect:
If we start school later, Students will learn more

15. The Tree of Rhetoric
Pathos

16. Emotional

17. Emotional
The use of emotional argumentation to persuade and
convince

18. Emotional
Appeals to Negative Emotions: Fear, Discrimination,
Revenge

19. Emotional
Appeals to Negative Emotions: Fear, Discrimination,
Revenge
Appeals to Positive Emotions: Love, Charity, Brotherhood

20. Emotional
Appeals to Negative Emotions: Fear, Discrimination,
Revenge
Appeals to Positive Emotions: Love, Charity, Brotherhood
Use of Figurative Speech: metaphors, rhetorical questions,
parallelism

21. Is Pathos more or less
Effective/Fair
than Logos in Argumenation?

22. The Tree of Rhetoric
Ethos

23. Credibility

24. Credibility
Persuading by convincing the audience that the speaker is
worth listening to

25. Credibility
Trustworthiness

26. Credibility
Trustworthiness
Similarity

27. Credibility
Trustworthiness
Similarity
Special Knowledge

28. Credibility
Trustworthiness
Similarity
Special Knowledge
Expert Knowledge

29. Credibility
Trustworthiness
Similarity
Special Knowledge
Expert Knowledge:
I want to convince the principal to let students wear
political messages on their t-shirts. Which ethos issues
should I consider?

30. The Tree of Rhetoric
Logical
Emotional
Credibility

31. Classical Greek
Oratory

32. Classical Oration
Introduction (Exordium):
beginning the web, draw interest
Narration (Narratio): factual info,
define the problem
Confirmation (Confirmatio): detail
about the arguments, the nuts and
bolts of your case
Refutation (Refutatio): addresses
counter-arguments, consider
audience
Conclusion (Peroratio): satisfying
close