Security Summit in 2012 being hosted in Republic of Korea, after the first Washington Summit in 2010, on this issue of great importance. It is also heartening and timely that the nations of the world are attaching due importance to this area of deep concern to the entire humanity.

1. 21st Century Dimensions of Nuclear Security Dr. A.P.J.Abdul Kalam
Nov 29 2011
Concept Paper for the Eminent Persons Group (EPG) for President Lee Myung-bak, Chair of the
2012 Seoul Nuclear Security Summit
I am very delighted that President Lee Myung-bak is the Chair of the second Nuclear
Security Summit in 2012 being hosted in Republic of Korea, after the first Washington
Summit in 2010, on this issue of great importance. It is also heartening and timely
that the nations of the world are attaching due importance to this area of deep
concern to the entire humanity.
A comprehensive approach is required: Since 1000 BC (that is for over 3000 years) there
have been more than 8000 peace treaties and conventions and each one lasted on the
average of no more than nine years. The League of Nations was created in 1920 to ensure
that "World War I was the end to all wars". But within twenty years World War II erupted!
This gave rise to the United Nations that was established in 1945 "to end wars and conflict
between nations once and for all". Since then there have been over 150 wars including the
cold war which have all claimed millions of lives!! It is clear then that political negotiations,
conventions, treaties and the use of arms have not succeeded in creating a long lasting state
of world peace and the problem of nuclear insecurity due to terrorism and proliferation may
rise again and again at weak moments that humanity invariably passes through, unless all
nations achieve invincible security.
What then is the way out of this predicament? How can this 2012 Seoul Nuclear Security
Summit help to draw the world out of this fast grip of constant fear and suffering,
and alternate waves of war and peace on a sustainable basis?
Only a new seed will create a new crop. It has been shown in all history that the principle of
every nation being secure in isolation of other nations is not a completely workable or
reliable concept and doctrine. Only a new philosophy and new efforts based on new
knowledge and new discoveries, scientific, technological and humanities, will fulfill the age
old dream of the wise for prevention of war and maintenance of sustainable world harmony
on an international and national basis. Therefore the series of Nuclear Security Summits
having started as an international campaign in 2010 and 2012 Seoul Nuclear Security
Summit are already on the right philosophical footing and right foundation.
The Principle of Invincibility The key to address nuclear insecurity comprehensively lies in
the principle of every nation being invincible by self-referral national consciousness.

2. This unified state of national consciousness can eternally sustain itself, giving rise to
unity in the midst of diverse qualities of all the different peoples in the nation.
Time demands that the security of every nation should be completely independent of
anything outside the nation, but every nation concurrently and generously sharing its
special and unique strengths, skills and resources (its core competencies) with other
nations in a cooperative, fair & equitable manner.
Such a concept of integrated and balanced independence and interdependence alone
can raise the level of collective invincibility of the human species as a whole on planet
Earth.
Integrated National Consciousness Maintaining a high level of integrity and coherence in
national and international consciousness, by various means, in individuals, groups,
institutions and societies, prevents the birth of any internal and external enemy. It
overcomes a perennial unstable, unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable life on
planet earth. An integrated nation will radiate a nourishing, life-supporting influence on
every other nation; and depending on how strongly integrated is its national
consciousness, its influence of coherence and nourishing power of positivity will prevent
the birth of any external enemy. For such a nation, no enemy will be born anywhere on
earth; and all nations will live in one grand, glorious, unified family of nations, Vasudhaiva
Kutumbakam.
Implementing 21st Century Invincible Nuclear Security A model for implementing the
concept of invincible nuclear security when translated into a means of collective action
gives rise to nine core values, based on the study so far. Some of these were already
articulated in the NSS 2010 agreed Work Plan. These core values for invincible nuclear
security are:
1. Eternal Vigilance: Integrated and shared information and intelligence by real
time environmental and situational awareness systems and technologies. This is
already a recommended part of the Work Plan at the 2010 Washington NSS Summit
namely
a. "Participating States are encouraged to develop and apply mechanisms to expand
sharing of information on issues, challenges, risks and solutions related to nuclear security,
nuclear terrorism and illicit nuclear trafficking in a comprehensive and timely manner; and
b. Participating States are encouraged to develop methods and mechanisms, where
appropriate, to enhance bilateral and multilateral collaboration in sharing urgent and
relevant information on nuclear security and incidents involving illicit nuclear trafficking."

3. 2. Coherence in formulation and implementation of an international and national
nuclear security vision through well defined and publicly articulated international and
national energy security missions, objectives, strategies, goals, policies and practices
that generate
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4. stability, flexibility and capabilities to resist internal disorder created by regional
and international nuclearization.
3. Dynamism and Strength of every nation in the world through such integrated
international energy technology missions that will create strong people-to -people
bonds, based on regional and global alliances and national competitive strategies
wherein each nation nourishes every other nation by world-wide deployment of its own
unique core competencies for advantage of the human species as whole. Such strong
people-to-people bonds, being based on steadfastness will enable man do what is right
and good relations will remain firm and triumph over everything
4. Freedom that enables every nation develop evolutionary, creative, democratic socio-
economic development process which is not injurious to other nations and does not
radiate negative values to pollute life in other countries and also to ensure that negative
values do not come into the country from outside.
5. Indestructibility of society and its critical institutions through creativity and self-
sustaining growth using perennial, limitless, sources of clean energy.
6. Self-reliance and Independence in energy, food supplies and critical technologies with
surplus capacities to nourish other nations in need.
7. Continuous Expansion of all available energy technology options, especially those in
the green power domain.
8. Thorium Power for a Secure Future of Nuclear Energy: It is believed that the amount
of energy in Thorium reserves on earth is more than the combined total energy in
remaining petroleum, coal, other fossil fuels and Uranium. Thorium has many other
advantages. It is estimated that Thorium may be able to generate (through uranium-233
producible from it) 8 times the amount of energy per unit mass compared to (natural)
Uranium . The much debated waste generation is also at a relative advantage for Thorium.
It produces waste that is relatively less toxic due to the absence of minor actinides. It is
noteworthy also, that Thorium is far more difficult to weaponize compared to Uranium
thus ensuring an inherently safer system for energy generation with lesser security
hazard. We need an active knowledge platform for rapid development of this technology,
which has to be a major international objective. The nuclear advanced nations, can then
share their knowledge of safe and non-weaponizable Thorium Power Generation.
9. Taking Responsibility for nuclear safety and security : Analyzing the relatively insecure
nuclear nations in the world, one can find few common trends like weak governance,
threatened or non-existent democracy and social inequity. As a society or nation

5. graduates into being a nuclear power, both civilian or military, it has to realize that it
automatically takes on an immense responsibility of carefully protecting and securing
such

6. assets. It would not just be towards the securing of the nuclear reactors, but also
towards finding secure disposal mechanism for the nuclear, with a shared responsibility
towards all forms of life, and the environment of our planet, only then will 21st century
nuclear security be realized.
Concluding Remarks
All progress in eliminating nuclear insecurity world-wide now depends on new
discoveries that enable man break out of past limitations. The scope of these nine values
for invincibility is unbounded. Invincible nuclear security can be accomplished by every
nation individually and collectively through eternal vigilance, continuous expansion of
new energy technology options, coherence, dynamism and strength, freedom,
indestructibility and self sufficiency not only in the immediate term but remain
sustainable in the long term for the survival and growth of the human race on planet
Earth.
By carefully considering the practical aspects of formulating and implementing such
a comprehensive mission-oriented strategy for invincible nuclear security, a set of
international and national integrated programmes grounded in these nine values, and a
complete and comprehensive solution emerge that would add significant value to
survival and growth of the human species on planet Earth in a stable, balanced,
coordinated and sustainable manner.
By, Dr. APJ Abdulkalam
www.abdulkalam.com
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