1. Nutrition during pregnancy and lactation MOHAN LAL RAMAVATH NUTRITIONIST

2. “ Nutrition requirements increases tremendously during pregnancy and lactation as the expectant or nursing mother not only has to nourish herself but also growing fetus and the infant who is being breast fed”.

11. Vitamin requirement during pregnancy Vitamins A (600 µg/d retinol): It is needed in small amounts to protect the fetus from immune system problems, blindness, infections and death. Vitamin D (5µg/d): It is required for formation of fetal bones. Vitamin K: Vitamin K is required for normal coagulation of blood & prevents new born infants hemorrhages. Vit B12 (1.2 µg/d) : Vitamin B12 supplementation during pregnancy helps in brain & nervous system development of the fetus. Vit C (60mg/d): It increase iron absorption and also helps in fetal growth. Deficiency of vitamin C increases the chances of preterm delivery. Vit B6 (2.5mg/d): It is required for normal fetal development & positive pregnancy outcomes. Vit B1 (+0.2mg/d), B2 (+0.2 mg/d), B3(+2mg/d): As total energy requirement increases during pregnancy so B vitamin requirement also increases.

15. Nutritional requirement during lactation Calcium: 1g /d Additional calcium is required for breast milk secretion. 30-40mg of calcium is secreted per 100ml or 300mg of calcium per 850 ml of milk. Additional intake of calcium is essential to enable the retention of calcium in breast milk. Adequate dietary calcium intake during lactation meets the mother’s calcium needs and extra calcium requirement for breast milk production. Iron: 30mg/d Iron requirement during lactation is the addition of the requirement of the mother & required to make up the iron secreted in breast milk. Most of the lactating woman have lactation amenorrhea, resulting in saving of 1mg of iron per day which would otherwise lost in the menstrual blood. The requirement of iron is same as the non pregnant woman

18. Thank you