These powerpoint slides are used in a workshop entitled 'Open for Learning'.
They were produced as part of the JISC funded BERLiN project run by The University of Nottingham, which aimed to publish and share the equivalent of 360 credits of Open Educational Resources (OERs), enhance and expand Nottingham's existing Open Educational Repository (U-Now) and foster OER use and reuse.
20. OER Discoverability … finding materials and resources you can use now Search Engines OER Repositories Subject Curators, Commons Institutional Repositories Images, Videos & Podcasts Learning Portals, Platforms & Networks Tips
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46. Creating OERS Top Tips Publishing Using Quotations Incorporating images Tools and Methods
Reusable Learning Objects – there is no agreed definition of an RLO but an RLO produced by the SONET team base in the School of Nursing at Nottingham University for example is "an interactive WWW-based resource based on a single learning objective which can be used in multiple contexts" - often small in size and visual
Full ethos of openness offers users the ability to act without restriction. Users are at liberty to adopt, modify and use OERs without restriction. There are no royalties or licensing costs but levels of openness can be selected depending upon the licence chosen
Creative Commons non profit organisation Sharealike The work can be modified and adapted, but the entire resulting work (including new material added by the adaptor) must be distributed under the same sharealike licence No Derivatives The work can only be distributed in its original form; no adaptations or translations can be made Non-commercial The work can only be used for non-commercial purposes Attribution Author must be acknowledged on all copies and adaptations of the work, including a link to the original version of the work Per country basis Different versions – eg 2.0 or 3.0
For teachers wishing to use material in teaching, refer students on or to find resources to adapt and contextualise For students self study and use
Some institutions have more than one repository – could be covering different types of OER or subjects for example Nottingham – Unow, Research Repository, also separate Podcast site OU – Open learn, lab space, Loro Oxford – openspires and mathematics courseware
Some sites may require login – mostly for contributors, or to aid tracking of reuse for case study or feedback purposes
Google – advanced search – see date, usage rights, numeric range and more Yahoo - http://uk.yahoo.com/ - search box at top select More (next to shopping) then advanced search
Many more resources can be found on the Unesco OER Wiki at http://oerwiki.iiep-unesco.org/index.php?title=OER_useful_resources
Degrees of openness – different licences, but also closed or open format types, for educational use only or for non commercial use, for community or registered group only?
Degrees of freedom: Use for own research and study purposes only Copy once for personal use Educational use only Within university walls only/server For own subscribers only Not for commercial use – define non-commercial – publicity and promotional activity, wide distribution – more than one copy Not to be used in web publication
Example of Website disclaimers! Creative Commons: Do not assume that the results displayed in the Creative Commons search portal are under a CC license. You should always verify that the work is actually under a CC license by following the link. Since there is no registration to use a CC license, CC has no way to determine what has and hasn't been placed under the terms of a CC license. If you are in doubt you should contact the copyright holder directly, or try to contact the site where you found the content Wikimedia : “ Images may or may not permit reuse and modification; the conditions for reproduction of each image should be individually checked. For permission to use it, one must contact the owner of the copyright of the text or illustration in question; often, but not always, this will be the original author” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights Subscription based sites can offer educational institutions access to numerous ‘copyright free’ resources but are unlikely to permit redistribution within OER which will be accessed by non subscribers
Bye the Book Eric Pallant describes how he and co-professor Terry Bensel experimented with teaching their Introduction to Environmental Science course at Allegheny College with no textbook. Instead they used a variety of open educational resources. Based on self-report, 41 of 46 students in their first-semester class read the same or more than they would have in a textbook. The experiment proved successful enough that the entire academic department has embraced the concept of OER. Faculty have distributed the work of collecting and banking websites for common use.
Steve Rimmer works for an English language radio programme in Spain and recently emailed the learning team to say how much he’d enjoyed our opencourseware materials. He has started reading little extracts from Consumer Law course by Professor Cartwright on his broadcasts. He found the course very interesting and clearly written for lay people like himself to understand, digest and then read out on the air. He also runs seminars here in Cuidad Real on behalf of the local government and will be looking at ways of using extracts of our materials in his courses. In addition to using our Opencourseware materials he is looking into using our latest news releases and any ongoing campaigns as a regular feature during broadcasts.
Other links for peoples-uni - http://courses.peoples-uni.org/ University of the People – tuition free online university The University of the People relies on free syllabuses and learning materials from open courseware projects from institutions such as the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It currently offers only two programs, business administration and computer science, and employs only five paid instructors who administer courses designed by a corps of faculty volunteers numbering about 800, by Reshef’s count. Those professors put together courses using open courseware. They also write the final exams, which is one of the two ways the university makes its money; Students pay to take exams and pay admission fees, both ranging between $10 and $100 each, depending on country of residence (students from poorer countries pay lower fees). University of the People is not currently authorized to award degrees.
For literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work, 70 years after the death of the author For films, the 70 years after the last death of principal director, the authors of the screenplay and dialogue, and the composer of any music specially created for the film For sound recordings, 50 years after the year or production or the year of publication, whichever is later For broadcasts, 50 years after first broadcast For the layout of publications, 25 years after publication Differs between countries
There is no legal requirement to include copyright statement or symbol on Resources or identify copyright owner etc. This does not mean however that it is not copyrighted material. Example 1 = copyright expired examples and poster with no original licence. Many posters available on individual’s personal albums or placed on copyright free sites- seemingly copyright free but in reality photo has been taken of a third party’s artistic work or taken the image from an official website and placed on the internet by someone other than the copyright owner of poster. The image itself is likely to be copyrighted. This is an infringement and further copying would be unlawful. NB also, where licences are attached – only the copyright owner of the image can do this. Example 2 = for reproduction only. Licences available on the internet, easy to find and links included in attribution. – see images in introduction, Map Lecture 1, Chart Lecture 5 slide 5 Example 3 – lecturers own copyright – cleared with publisher – for reproduction only – copyright information included in Unow and not alongside all relevant data as applicable to all content included. If a mix of licences applied we would have had to locate relevant licence detail against each copyrighted image etc. Example 4 – includes lecturer’s own image in module handbook and relevant attribution and copyright information Tracing copyright owners can be difficult, they may not reply to requests, there may be costs involved, or duration of use clauses imposed. Can be a lengthy process
![Open For Learning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object], Image © The University of Nottingham 2007 Released under creative commons licence: Source: http://unow.nottingham.ac.uk](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/openforlearningworkshopv2-0slideshareandhandoutsversion-100730042454-phpapp01/85/Open-for-learning-workshop-1-320.jpg)
![Workshop Objectives… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object], Image © Bill Moseley 2008 Released under creative commons licence: Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/31442459@N00/2516648940](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)