Thesis title: "Validation of reasoning engines and adaptation mechanisms for self-adaptive systems." Defended Sept 29, 2010

1. 3 years in 45 minutes
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2. Validation of
reasoning engines and
adaptation mechanisms for
self-adaptive systems
Freddy Munoz
Rennes, France — 29 september 2010
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3. 3
Early 1900 boiler heating
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4. 4
1960 heating control
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5. 5
state of the art heating control
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6. 6
It’s just the beginning
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7. 7
“The future”
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8. What if the system
makes the wrong
decision?
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9. What if the system
fails to adapt?
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10. [image] what if a new device is introduced an the
system
decides to load a conflictive driver, the heating device
get crazy, enables full heating to compensate the wrong
driver, and burns the house down
10
A wrong decision
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11. This
Thesis
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12. A
self-adaptive
system
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13. 12
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14. 12
Reasoning Engine
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15. 12
Reasoning Engine
Adaptation Mechanism
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16. 12
Reasoning Engine
Adaptation Mechanism
Running Platform
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17. Rule based, Goal based,
cost function, etc.
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Adaptation Mechanism
Running Platform
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18. Rule based, Goal based,
cost function, etc.
AOP, Model Based,
Component based, etc.
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Running Platform
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19. Rule based, Goal based,
cost function, etc.
AOP, Model Based,
Component based, etc.
Component platform,
reflective java, etc.
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20. Case Study
Validation
Reasoning
Engines
Specification of
Aspect Oriented
Adaptation
Mechanisms
Conclusions
&
Perspectives
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21. Case study
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22. Cordelia’s ACRM
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Cordelia
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23. 16
Nomadic Business
“ Cordelia cannot afford not being
capable of fetching her customers data ”
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24. 17
Adaptive CRM
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25. connection
speed
= {slow , fast}
exchange
service
=
{available ,
unavailable}
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26. Calendar
services
Platform
Memory level
Connection speed
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Security level
User feedback
Usetype
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Cordelia’s
ACRM
environment
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27. 20
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28. 20
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29. 20
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30. rule "R1: platform windows-reserve"
when
Platform( id == Platform.WINDOWS
or
id == Platform.MAC )
UseType( type == UseType.RESERVE )
then
ORACLEClient.setActive(true);
end
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31. rule "R2: security-protocol transition"
when
$currentServices : Services( available contains
Services.GOOGLE )
Services( this before $currentServices,
selected contains Services.EXCHANGE)
$currentSecurity : Security( level == Security.HIGH )
Security( this before $currentSecurity, level ==
Security.LOW )
then
TLSProtocol.setActive(true);
end
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32. 23
Reasoning engine
Adaptation mechanism
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33. 23
Reasoning engine
Adaptation mechanism
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34. Is that decision always right
(correct)?
?
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35. Easy!
:-)
Test
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36. 26
Testing a reasoning engine
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37. 26
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44. Problem I: huge space size
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45. Problem I: huge space size
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46. 6.14429
3 4x x =
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mercredi 13 octobre 2010

47. 6.14429
3 4x x =
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48. Problem II: temporality matters
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49. Problem II: temporality matters
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50. Problem II: temporality matters
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51. Problem II: temporality matters
6.144
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52. Problem II: temporality matters
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So What?mercredi 13 octobre 2010

53. Problem III
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54. Problem III
Each test takes ~ 10 seconds
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55. Problem III
Each test takes ~ 10 seconds
Test evaluation takes ~ 10 seconds
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56. Problem III
Each test takes ~ 10 seconds
Test evaluation takes ~ 10 seconds
20 = 122.8806144x ≈ 1.4 Days...
29
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57. Problem III
Each test takes ~ 10 seconds
Test evaluation takes ~ 10 seconds
≈ 23 Years20 37x x106 = 74x107 ...
20 = 122.8806144x ≈ 1.4 Days...
29
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58. )
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70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
Solution:
30
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

59. )
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
0
10
20
30
40 50
60
70
selectionSolution:
30
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

60. Multi-Dimensional
Covering Array
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

61. Each variable value is a
billiard ball...
32
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

62. ...that interact with
other balls
33
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

63. Connection speed
Security level
Memory level
Slow Fast
Low Medium High
Low High
Inter-variable Interactions
34
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

64. Connection speed
Security level
Memory level
Slow Fast
Low Medium High
Low High
Inter-variable Interactions
34
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

65. Connection speed
Security level
Memory level
Slow Fast
Low Medium High
Low High
Inter-variable Interactions
34
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

66. History influences the
reasoning....
35
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

67. time 36
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

68. Memory level
Security level
time
Intra-variable Interactions
37
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69. Memory level Low High Low High High
Security level Low Med High Med Low
time
Intra-variable Interactions
37
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

70. Memory level Low High Low High High
Security level Low Med High Med Low
time
Intra-variable Interactions
37
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

71. Memory level Low High Low High High
Security level Low Med High Med Low
time
Intra-variable Interactions
37
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

72. Memory level Low High Low High High
Security level Low Med High Med Low
time
Intra-variable Interactions
37
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

73. Memory level Low High Low High High
Security level Low Med High Med Low
time
Intra-variable Interactions
37
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

74. Memory level
Security level
Connection
speed
38
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

75. Memory level
Security level
Connection
speed
Low High
Low Med
Slow Fast
Low
High
Slow
38
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

76. Memory level
Security level
Connection
speed
Low High
Low Med
Slow Fast
Low
High
Slow
Intra-variable Interactions 2 values
38
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

77. Memory level
Security level
Connection
speed
Low High
Low Med
Slow Fast
Low
High
Slow
Intra-variable Interactions 2 values
38
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

78. Memory level
Security level
Connection
speed
Low High
Low Med
Slow Fast
Low
High
Slow
Intra-variable Interactions 2 values
38
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

79. Memory level
Security level
Connection
speed
Low High
Low Med
Slow Fast
Low
High
Slow
Intra-variable Interactions 2 values
38
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

80. Memory level
Security level
Connection
speed
Low High
Low Med
Slow Fast
Low
High
Slow
Intra-variable Interactions 2 values
38
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

81. Memory level
Security level
Connection
speed
Low High
Low Med
Slow Fast
Low
High
Slow
Intra-variable Interactions 2 values
38
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

82. Memory level
Security level
Connection
speed
Low High
Low Med
Slow Fast
Low
High
Slow
Intra-variable Interactions 2 values
38
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

83. Memory level
Security level
Connection
speed
Low High
Low Med
Slow Fast
Low
High
Slow
Intra-variable Interactions 2 values
Inter-variable Interactions 2 variables
38
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

84. Memory level
Security level
Connection
speed
Low High
Low Med
Slow Fast
Low
High
Slow
Intra-variable Interactions 2 values
Inter-variable Interactions 2 variables
38
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

85. Memory level
Security level
Connection
speed
Low High
Low Med
Slow Fast
Low
High
Slow
Intra-variable Interactions 2 values
Inter-variable Interactions 2 variables
38
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

86. Memory level
Security level
Connection
speed
Low High
Low Med
Slow Fast
Low
High
Slow
Intra-variable Interactions 2 values
Inter-variable Interactions 2 variables
38
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

87. Memory level
Security level
Connection
speed
Low High
Low Med
Slow Fast
Low
High
Slow
Intra-variable Interactions 2 values
Inter-variable Interactions 2 variables
38
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

88. Memory level
Security level
Connection
speed
Low High
Low Med
Slow Fast
Low
High
Slow
Intra-variable Interactions 2 values
Inter-variable Interactions 2 variables
38
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

89. Memory level
Security level
Connection
speed
Low High
Low Med
Slow Fast
Low
High
Slow
Intra-variable Interactions 2 values
Inter-variable Interactions 2 variables
38
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

90. Memory level
Security level
Connection
speed
Low High
Low Med
Slow Fast
Low
High
Slow
Intra-variable Interactions 2 values
Inter-variable Interactions 2 variables
38
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

91. Memory level
Security level
Connection
speed
Low High
Low Med
Slow Fast
Low
High
Slow
Intra-variable Interactions 2 values
Inter-variable Interactions 2 variables
38
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

92. Memory level
Security level
Connection
speed
Low High
Low Med
Slow Fast
Low
High
Slow
Low
Low High
High
Fast Fast
Intra-variable Interactions 2 values
Inter-variable Interactions 2 variables
38
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

93. 39
Before: 37 x 10
6
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

94. 40
After: 141
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

95. Genetic Algorithm
Bacteriologic Algorithm
41
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

96. Experiments
42
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

97. Experimental subjects
40 rules
21 history rules
11 variables
17 rules
0 history rules
3 variables
96 rules
22 history rules
11 variables
43
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

98. 44
Experimental SetUp
3 data sets:
50 MCA
50 MDCA
50 Random
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

99. 45
Evaluation criteria
Coverage of conditions
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

100. 46
40
32
30
27
20
23
Conditionscovered
MDCA MCA RAND
Cordelia’s ACRM (Drools)
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

101. 47
860
725
710
640
570
LOCcovered
MDCA MCA RAND
Cordelia’s ACRM (Java)
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

102. 48
17
15
Conditionscovered
MDCA MCA RAND
Simple web server
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

103. 49
MDCA rocks!
MDCA is more stable!
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

104. 50
MCA is cheaper
memoryless reasoning
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

105. 51
Reasoning engine
Adaptation mechanism
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

106. 51
Reasoning engine
Adaptation mechanism
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

107. 52
rule "R1: platform windows-reserve"
! when
! ! Platform( id == Platform.WINDOWS
or
! ! ! ! id == Platform.MAC )
! ! UseType( type == UseType.RESERVE )
! then
! ! ORACLEClient.setActive(true);
end
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

108. Problem : Invasiveness
53
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109. Problem : Invasiveness
53
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

110. Problem : Invasiveness
53
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

111. Problem : Invasiveness
53
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

112. Problem : Invasiveness
53
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

113. Problem : Invasiveness
53
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

114. Problem : Invasiveness
53
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

115. Problem : Invasiveness
53
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

116. Problem : Invasiveness
53
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

117. Problem : Invasiveness
53
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

118. 54
privileged Aspect Pan{
around(Egg egg):
execution(Object do())&&target(egg){
if(egg.yolk.isMature())
egg.yolk.makeAge();
if(egg.white.isReady())
egg.white.makeReady();
Object result=proceed();
if(result instanceof Cooked)
return result;
else
return Pan.
cook(egg.yolk,egg.white);
}
private static cook(Vitellus yolk,
Albumen white){
...
}
}
do:Object
white:Albumen
yolk: Vitellus
Egg
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

119. 54
privileged Aspect Pan{
around(Egg egg):
execution(Object do())&&target(egg){
if(egg.yolk.isMature())
egg.yolk.makeAge();
if(egg.white.isReady())
egg.white.makeReady();
Object result=proceed();
if(result instanceof Cooked)
return result;
else
return Pan.
cook(egg.yolk,egg.white);
}
private static cook(Vitellus yolk,
Albumen white){
...
}
}
do:Object
white:Albumen
yolk: Vitellus
Egg
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

120. Broken encapsulation
55
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121. Aspect
Specification
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

122. Reinforce the encapsulation
57
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

123. 58
do:Object
white:Albumen
yolk: Vitellus
Egg
@Forbidden(...)
@Forbidden(...)
@Forbidden(...)
privileged Aspect Pan{
around(Egg egg):
execution(Object do())&&target(egg){
if(egg.yolk.isMature())
egg.yolk.makeAge();
if(egg.white.isReady())
egg.white.makeReady();
Object result=proceed();
if(result instanceof Cooked)
return result;
else
return Pan.
cook(egg.yolk,egg.white);
}
private static cook(Vitellus yolk,
Albumen white){
...
}
}
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

124. 58
do:Object
white:Albumen
yolk: Vitellus
Egg
@Forbidden(...)
@Forbidden(...)
@Forbidden(...)
privileged Aspect Pan{
around(Egg egg):
execution(Object do())&&target(egg){
if(egg.yolk.isMature())
egg.yolk.makeAge();
if(egg.white.isReady())
egg.white.makeReady();
Object result=proceed();
if(result instanceof Cooked)
return result;
else
return Pan.
cook(egg.yolk,egg.white);
}
private static cook(Vitellus yolk,
Albumen white){
...
}
}
✘
✘
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

125. Make specific shields
59
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

126. 60
Augmentation Conditional
replacement
MultipleCrossing Argument passing
Write
Read
Hierarchy Method addition Field addition
Replacement
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

127. 61
rule "R1: platform windows-reserve"
! when
! ! Platform( id == Platform.WINDOWS
or
! ! ! ! id == Platform.MAC )
! ! UseType( type == UseType.RESERVE )
! then
! ! ORACLEClient.setActive(true);
end
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

128. Conclusions
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

129. Before MDCA
After MDCA
63
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130. Interactions matter
64
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

131. 65
Aspects can introduce
hidden complications
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

132. 66
Perspectives
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

133. 67
Validation @ Runtime
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

134. 68
System Validation @
Runtime
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

135. The future of
self-adaptive
systems
69
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

136. Inquiring the usage
of aspect-oriented
programming: an
empirical study
— ICSM’09
Vigilant usage of Aspects
ADI 09
Validation challenges in model
composition: The case of
adaptive systems —ChaMDE’08
Improving
Maintenance in
AOP Through
an Interaction
Specification
Framework
— ICSM’08
A framework for testing
model composition engines
— Software composition’08
Vidock: a Tool for Impact
Analysis of Aspect
Weaving on Test Cases
—ICTSS’08
International
Publications
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

137. Thank you!
mercredi 13 octobre 2010

138. No bullet point was
harmed in this
presentation!
mercredi 13 octobre 2010