Coal to power in Nigeria and the prospects of renewable energies in Nigeria. Low Hanging Fruits for Governments, CSOs, Businesses and the People.

1. Challenges of Coal to PowerChallenges of Coal to Power
and Prospects of Renewableand Prospects of Renewable
Energy in NigeriaEnergy in Nigeria
Low hanging fruits for government and privateLow hanging fruits for government and private
sector investmentsector investment
ByBy
Donald Ikenna OfoegbuDonald Ikenna Ofoegbu
for thefor the
Centre for Social Justice 2016 Team Retreat, AbujaCentre for Social Justice 2016 Team Retreat, Abuja

2. INTRODUCTION; seeing the problem
• Over 40% of the Nigerian population do not access to grid electricity
• For the over 60% that are connected to the grid, more than 35% do not have
steady and affordable power supply. Invariably over 75% of Nigerians do not have
access to regular power.
• Over centralized and dependency on Gas to power. 80% of Nigeria’s grid
electricity comes from Gas thermals and 20% from Hydro.
• Gas thermals are faced with; (1) Insufficient gas supply, (2) poor gas infrastructure,
(3) no cost reflective gas price and tariff, (4) pipeline vandalism and militancy., (5)
No gas infrastructure investment (6) the corruption element
• Total electricity supply as at 2016 is 13,000Mw; 60% from Self Generators (running
on fossil fuel) and an unstable 40% from public supply (the grid)
• Weak grid system; with high risk of collapse, breaking at 5000Mw
• Privatization of the distribution network lead to more failure; forcing the
introduction of the stabilization fund ($213billion)
• Ambitious target to generate 40,000 MW of electricity by 2020
• Too much emphasis being paid on increasing power generation; with little
knowledge on how to increase and expand the grid capacity.
• Zero competition; regional monopoly in generation and distribution.
• Rising tariffs and more blackouts.

3. Source: Fed. Ministry of Power (June 22-23)
60% of total base load located in the southern part of Nigeria; appx. 70% of total
generation also comes from the southern part. The northern part of the country
has no generation system that feeds into the grid.
Part of the issues In
implementing the gas
master plan, is that the
gas infrastructure map,
stretching from the SW-
SE to the north, is highly
capital intensive, require
huge cost from security,
creates more centralized
system and regional
dependency.

4. 4
Hugely
underserved
market
2
▪ 2nd largest energy access deficit globally (~100m people)
▪ Only ~40% of 170m population has access to grid
electricity
▪ Demand massively exceeds available power supply of ~4.5
GW
▪ One of the largest markets for diesel/petrol power
generators
Adverse
economic
impact
3 ▪ Power represents 40% of cost of operations to business
owners
▪ 83% of Nigerian business owners consider power to be the
biggest obstacle to business growth
Inefficient
energy chain
▪ High aggregate technical and commercial losses in
distribution (42%) and transmission networks (8%) in 2015
▪ Grid break at 5000MW +1000
4
Strong
strategic
positioning
1
▪ 7th
largest crude oil exporter
▪ 8th
largest natural gas reserves
▪ Regional economic heavyweight
▪ Enough gas reserves to power Nigeria and West Africa
▪ Rich renewable energy endowment
Nigerian Energy Sector: A Transformational Opportunity
Power Consumption: kWh / capita

5. • Within the discuss of SUSTAINABILITY, the definition and estimation of
COST have gone beyond mere purchase face value. In the estimation of cost,
more externalities, and futuristic variables are now put into the cost arrival
model.
• SUSTAINBILITY is that activity, choice and action (s) taken by an society,
individual, state or economy to meet the needs and optimize the potential of the
present generation, while planning, preserving, protecting and acting to
maintain a health environment, resources availability and ideas for the future
generation.
• Energy cost , allocation and choices is now been estimated and made on the
basis of sustainability.
HOW SUSTAINABLE IS COAL,
WHAT IS COAL GOOD FOR?
PARADIGM SHIFT

6. PARADIGM SHIFT
• The choice of coal or the proportion of coal in the Nigeria’s power mix must
not be guided on whether or not other countries have used coal for industrial
development.
• As industrial development in the world history can hardly be ascribed
majorly to the availability of coal or any energy source.
• Though energy serves as a major technological catalyst, real economic
development is driven by good leadership/governance, fairly competitive
market conditions, innovation, business openness, fair regulations, and
research. If this is not true, so many third world; developing and
underdeveloped country would today top the world not only in the energy
market, but also in the council of ruling developed states. As beneath these
countries not only walk on raw energy sources, but live in them.
• Nigeria plans to generate 30% of its total energy supply from Coal by
2020. There is however, no roadmap or plan on how this is suppose to come
to reality. No working plan.

7. In 1999, the NCC lost its monopoly over the Nigerian coal industry.
In 2002, work stopped at NCC-operated mines
In 2003, the Nigerian government announced plans to create a technical advisory committee to revive the
coal industry
By 2004, the technical committee had still not issued their report, and the NCC found itself almost
bankrupt.
NIGERIA’S COAL INDUSTRY
Nigeria still
holds large coal
reserves,
estimated to be
at least 2.8
billion metric
tons
Nigeria still
holds large coal
reserves,
estimated to be
at least 2.8
billion metric
tons

8. NIGERIA’S COAL INDUSTRY
• As at 2014, there were 15 coal blocs in the country out of which 9 were
allotted to private investors while 6 were reserved for the coal-to-power
programme.
• In the last attempt to privatise them, 3 of them were successfully
bought. The remaining 12 are still available out of which 6 were taken
out and dedicated to the coal-to-power programme and their
development will be supervised by the Ministry of Power.
• Aside the short fall in initial investment, coal investment have been
rather low in Nigeria, this also attributable to meeting environmental
and social criteria's such as conduct of standard EIA for mining,
compensation and reaching agreements with communities; as
stipulated in the Nigeria Mineral and Mining Act 2007.
• Many mining companies just want to rape the ground really fast and run
away. Thus the ministry must be strict and enforce 100% all
requirements of the Act.

9. NIGERIA COAL MINING IN TONNES

10. NIGERIA’S KEY COAL LOCATION
Legend
Coal ore
Coal found in the
North Eastern,
Central and South
Eastern Part

11. FACT ON NIGERIA’S COAL
• Nigeria still holds large coal reserves, estimated to be at least 2.8 billion metric
tons
• Nigerian coal has been found suitable for boiler fuel, production of high calorific
gas, domestic heating, briquettes, formed coke and the manufacture of a wide
range of chemicals including waxes, resins, adhesives and dyes. Their
characteristic properties (low sulphur and ash content and low thermoplastic
properties), make these sub-bituminous coals ideal for coal-fired electric plants.
Some Nigerian coals can be used to produce formed-coke of metallurgical quality.
• On the face value, coal is cheap, and abundant.
• Coal is very reliable for base load electricity; but has a slower switch system
compared to gas (which is a better base load system)
• Nigeria plans to generate 30% of its total energy supply from Coal by 2020
• The external cost of coal is very much on the high side considering its adverse
effect on the environment, human health, loss of water and pollution of water
systems; another Niger Delta Militancy Saga
• The face value of coal in the nearest future will likely increase, as most countries
are abandoning coal plans for cleaner energy sources.

12. Facts; The No Go Area of Coal
Digging up coal and using it to generate electricity releases emissions that
intensify the greenhouse effect. No Other Source Of Energy Contributes As
Much To Greenhouse Gas Emissions As Coal. Therefore, Coal is one of the
biggest sources of climate change.
Global coal consumption fell between 90 and 180 million tonnes in the first
half of 2015, the largest drop on record. Driven by China, the global coal
consumption dropped
In 2014 Coal was responsible for emitting 14.2 gigatonnes of CO2. That is
44% of all energy-related carbon dioxide emissions, and more than one-
quarter of all greenhouse gas emissions.
Private companies, state-owned enterprises and government-run industries
have made huge profits from producing and selling coal. But they have not been
held accountable financially or legally for the loss and damage they have caused,
and continue to cause, around the world.
The coal industry no longer deny the harm coal production is causing.The coal industry no longer deny the harm coal production is causing.

13. • The majority of coal is burned to produce heat and electricity. That
releases a lot of carbon dioxide, along with smaller quantities of
methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O); that affect the humans and
the environment differently.
• The amounts of CO2 and other greenhouse gases emitted for each
kilowatt-hour of electricity produced depend on the carbon content
of the coal and the efficiency and operations of the power station.
• Only about one-third (1/3) of the heat generated from burning is
converted into electricity by turning water into steam that spins a
turbine.
• Gas-powered plants emit only half as much CO2 as modern coal-fired
power stations.

14. COAL FOOTPRINT
Coal pollutants affect all major body organ systems and contribute to four of the
five leading causes of mortality in USA; heart disease, cancer, stroke, and chronic
lower respiratory diseases. Each step of the coal life cycle, mining,
transportation, washing, combustion, and disposing of post combustion wastes
impacts human health.
According to the reports issued by the WHO 2008 and by environmental groups in
2004, coal particulates pollution are estimated to shorten approximately 1,000,000
lives annually worldwide. The Environmental Defence Fund in a study estimate that
between roughly 6,000 and 10,700 annual deaths from heart ailments, respiratory
disease and lung cancer can be attributed to the 88 coal fired power plants. That is
between 68 to 121 deaths per coal fired plan.

15. Real Health Effect and Actions Taken
Bandila: Close to 1,000 die
from pollution caused by
coal plants in PH: study -
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=D4enJ6Oi-iI
Bandila: Close to 1,000 die
from pollution caused by
coal plants in PH: study -
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=D4enJ6Oi-iI
China: Every year, China's pollution causes an estimated 3.5 million deaths. January 2014 saw a fetid smog
trap Beijing under pollutants from the region's 200 coal-fired power plants where concentration levels hit 40
times what the World Health Organization deems safe. Outside China's urban areas, disease rates in
communities near chemical, pharmaceutical or power plants hit five times the national average. (See Video:
The Human Price of Pollution- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D4enJ6Oi-iI
China: Every year, China's pollution causes an estimated 3.5 million deaths. January 2014 saw a fetid smog
trap Beijing under pollutants from the region's 200 coal-fired power plants where concentration levels hit 40
times what the World Health Organization deems safe. Outside China's urban areas, disease rates in
communities near chemical, pharmaceutical or power plants hit five times the national average. (See Video:
The Human Price of Pollution- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D4enJ6Oi-iI
25 Of The Most Polluted Places In The World - YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TX2vHu_IqZ8&spfreload=10
25 Of The Most Polluted Places In The World - YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TX2vHu_IqZ8&spfreload=10
(HD)Fossil Fuel (Coal) Power Station on China air shoot - air
pollution production - YouTube -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TX2vHu_IqZ8
(HD)Fossil Fuel (Coal) Power Station on China air shoot - air
pollution production - YouTube -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TX2vHu_IqZ8
Obama to announce new pollution targets for power plants – YouTube
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U4OZ6bNhCvI
Obama to announce new pollution targets for power plants – YouTube
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U4OZ6bNhCvI
Coal-fired power plant demolished in
E China - YouTube -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=4FaX7cPkA20
Coal-fired power plant demolished in
E China - YouTube -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=4FaX7cPkA20
China: The Human Price of Pollution - YouTube -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8hHQX-ODKF4
China: The Human Price of Pollution - YouTube -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8hHQX-ODKF4
Water in China, an environmental nightmare - YouTube
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bJxDIBIX4rc
Water in China, an environmental nightmare - YouTube
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bJxDIBIX4rc
Beijing To Shut All Major Coal Power Plants -
YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=7Ri6ruKPsX8
Coal 101: What's Wrong with Coal? – YouTube -https://www.google.com/url?
sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiJ8ZvD_Y_
OAhWLXBQKHa6xAG4QyCkIIDAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch
%3Fv%3D9Wv2GKaukZU&usg=AFQjCNGVWEuwx0M4hNbcBCYjuSRXC4R6Bg
India: Coughing up Coal - YouTube -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V0YjtRcd61U
India: Coughing up Coal - YouTube -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V0YjtRcd61U

16. IF WE MUST GO THE WAY OF COAL
1. If Nigeria must go towards coal, we must first of all accept that the health consequences of
coal-to-power are multiple and have widespread and damaging impact. In that light, efforts
should be invested to review the readiness of our health sectors; medical centres especially
in the coal states to attend and treat these cardiac and respiratory illnesses.
2. Nigeria need to debate and dialogue on the availability of water in the coal areas; not only
need to feed the coal plants, but enough to substitute polluted streams, water beds and
public need (especially with the now experiencing drought evidenced by the drying Lack
Chad).
3. Bold debates needs to be initiated especially at the floor of the States and National Assembly
on the ways to ensure that mined sites are recultivated and reclaimed by mining companies.
The Ministry of Environment, NESREA, Solid Minerals and CSOs can push towards such
responsible action.
4. While capping the coal megawatts in an attempt to phasing out coal in possible future, both
federal and state governments should consider proactive incentives towards renewable
energy technology, as a more decentralised renewable energy source is key to Nigeria’s
unique energy growth path and should be prioritised.
5. The nation must develop its capacity to generate electricity from clean, safe, renewable
sources so that existing coal-fired power plants maybe phased out without eliminating jobs or
compromising the nation’s ability to meet its energy needs

17. If FG does not pay strict attention to hold
mining companies accountable states and
their indigenes will have to bear the
burden of pollution, reclamation and
recultivation in the future. Hence effort
should be made to establish State
MIREMCO. However, they need to
boarding the committee representation
to involve CSOs and Community
representatives. NMMA2007 Pt2, Sec 19
allows this.
If FG does not pay strict attention to hold
mining companies accountable states and
their indigenes will have to bear the
burden of pollution, reclamation and
recultivation in the future. Hence effort
should be made to establish State
MIREMCO. However, they need to
boarding the committee representation
to involve CSOs and Community
representatives. NMMA2007 Pt2, Sec 19
allows this.
The Minister of Solid Mineral in accordance to the Nigerian
Mineral and Mining Act 2007, must enforce allocate funds to
provide mechanisms to ensure full compliance with the act.
i.e Part 2, Section 16:
The Minister of Solid Mineral in accordance to the Nigerian
Mineral and Mining Act 2007, must enforce allocate funds to
provide mechanisms to ensure full compliance with the act.
i.e Part 2, Section 16:
6
7
Part 2, Section 18, The Fed Mines
Environmental Compliance
Department should be established
with autonomy to function
effectively. Review of reports esp
environmental reports on proposed
mining area needs to be public and
properly represented by key
stakeholders CSOs, mining
community, and environmental
experts.
Part 2, Section 18, The Fed Mines
Environmental Compliance
Department should be established
with autonomy to function
effectively. Review of reports esp
environmental reports on proposed
mining area needs to be public and
properly represented by key
stakeholders CSOs, mining
community, and environmental
experts.
8
IF WE MUST GO THE WAY OF COAL
9
To avoid the abuse of the Land Use act
by State Governors, CSOs must have
access to review the licenses and
relative documents of licensed mine
operator, so as to ensure due procedure
and compensation of affected
communities. PT 2, Sec 22 NMMA 2007
To avoid the abuse of the Land Use act
by State Governors, CSOs must have
access to review the licenses and
relative documents of licensed mine
operator, so as to ensure due procedure
and compensation of affected
communities. PT 2, Sec 22 NMMA 2007

18. In accordance with Part 3, Sec
30 and 34 of the NMMA 2007,
CSOs and State govt must
demand for openness and
public submission by the mining
companies these tax deduction
along with their profit books.
The fraction of this tax also
needs to be determined.
The minister must ensure public
openness of this fund, to show
accountability and transparency
in its collection and report on
its usage.
Where mining companies in the
past have not being remitting
this sums, they must be made
to meet up with arrears.
10
In line with part 4, Sect
61, State & LG as well as
CSOs must play oversight
role to ensure that all
obligations are met by
the licensed mining
company. The same
oversight is required to
ensure that Part, 8,
Chapter 4, is omitted;
environmental safety,
compensation, use of
water, etc
In line with part 4, Sect
61, State & LG as well as
CSOs must play oversight
role to ensure that all
obligations are met by
the licensed mining
company. The same
oversight is required to
ensure that Part, 8,
Chapter 4, is omitted;
environmental safety,
compensation, use of
water, etc
11
There is also a vital need to train and retrain the mine
inspectors in each zones as well as the Fed Mines
Environmental Compliance Department.
12

19. Coal can be put to other use;
Despite the weakening development condition of the coal
industry, there stills exists a potential future for the coal
briquetting machines. Coal briquetting plant gives a good
answer to the question of easing the pollution pressure in
the coal industry. We can limit the use of coal for cooking,
coal briquetts
Coal briquettes are
common green coal
resources with
features of low cost,
energy saving and
simple production
and excellent
performance, so
they are promoted
all over the world.

20. POTENTIAL OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN
NIGERIA
Nigeria Economic Reality
 High Unemployment Rate at 23.9%
 Inflation at 16.4%
 2nd
Highest Maternal and Infant Death Rate.
Poor Health System/
 Food Shortage and Ironically Wastage; poor
agric system and Practice
Nigeria records the highest rate of
deforestation in the world (FAO) 3.5%,
approximately 350,000-400,000 hectares per
year as at 2005.
Wide gender inequality
Highest out of school children in the world,
and poor learning environment worsen by
climate change and no electricity.
Epileptic infrastructure ,poor road, poor
access to electricity, deficit housing
 Persistent resource conflict induced from an
over centralised systems and restricted
markets.
Fossil dependent Economy
Disaster Vulnerability;
Flood, Erosion, Drought, Desertification, Heat Waves

21. ENERGY MAPPING IN NIGERIA

22. • Renewable Energy technology best fits into the NigerianRenewable Energy technology best fits into the Nigerian
energy palaver i.e the poor national grid capacity, the hugeenergy palaver i.e the poor national grid capacity, the huge
number of off-grid community lacking access to gridnumber of off-grid community lacking access to grid
electricity, and the monopolistic structure of existing energyelectricity, and the monopolistic structure of existing energy
market (neither supplying energy nor making it affordable).market (neither supplying energy nor making it affordable).
Adaptation of RE will speedily eliminate these challengesAdaptation of RE will speedily eliminate these challenges
and force competition and efficiency in the energy market.and force competition and efficiency in the energy market.

23. Nigeria Electric Power Policy (NEPP) – 2002.....75% electricity supply coverage by
Y2020
National Energy Policy (NEP) – 2003.….The nation shall commercially develop its
renewable energy resource and ensure a balanced energy mix.
Electric Power Sector Reform Act (EPSR) – 2005….Established the Regulator to
ensure an efficient and competitive electricity Industry
Rural Electrification Policy Paper – 2009….. at least 10% of renewable energy mix
by 2025
Power Sector Reform Roadmap – 2010…… Demand a National Energy Efficiency
and Conservation policy to be developed
National Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency Policy - 2015 ….. Dedicated to
SustainableEnergy Development
National Determine Contribution (NDC)- 2015 ….. Require development of 13 GW
RE by 2030
RE & EE POLICY LANDSCAPE

25. POLICY INCENTIVES FOR PRIVATE BUSINESS SECTOR
• Tax incentives to manufacturers of RE & EE equipment and
accessories of up to 5-7 years
• Tax holidays on dividend income from RE & EE domestic
investments
• Provision of soft loans with low interest
• Free custom duties (2) years on RE & EE equipment importation and
materials projects
• Federal Government and States assisting in allocation or grant of
lands
• Provision of defined incentives for home owners to install RE & EE
appliances and lightening
• Grant to communities-based RE & EE projects and processes
• Sustain the 2012 fiscal policy of zero duty for power equipment and
devices.

26. Investment Opportunities for Renewable in NigeriaInvestment Opportunities for Renewable in Nigeria
• SE4ALL AA Requires € 62 billion. Electricity Access & Renewable accounts for 78%
of the financing requirement. The annual financing requirement associated to
SE4ALL varies from €2.5 to € 4 billion Annual. EE financing requirement is € 500
million.
• Power 4 All project; Scalling Off-Grid Energy $36million to power enterprenuers
and investors to connect 20mn homes in SS-Africa – USAID + DFID. In Nigeria SMEs
contribute over 45% to GDP contribution but suffer huge energy cost of over 40%
biz overhead. Pay-As-You-Go Solar an instalment payment plan can be harnessed
and financed by CBN, and FG, Clean Ovens to save trees from traditional ovens,
Renewable for Extending Agricultural Value Chain, Solar for irrigation, solar for
storage i.e. Milk collection, solar for processing cassava processing, tomatoes, etc.
• $2.5bn 14 solar firms and NBET in a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA). PanAfrican
Solar (75mw katsina), Middle Band Solar (100mw kogi), Nig Solar Capital Partner
(100mw Bauchi), Afrinergia Power (50mw Nasarawa), Motir Dusable (100mw
Nasarawa), Nova Solar 5farm ltd (100mw katsina), KvK Power (100mw Sokoto), LR
Aron Power (100mw FCT), Nova Scotia Power Dvt (80mw Jigawa), Cosmos (70mw
Plateau), etc.

27. WHAT WE CAN DO
Engage the Ministry on Solid Mineral and the Ministry of Environment on implementation of
the NMMA 2007. Check the number of licensed companies, review their compliance to the act
especially as regards environmental safety.
 Organize State Governors, their environmental team, community leaders in the coal areas on
their right as a coal host community and the dangers of coal mining and how if they do not put up
proper sustainability mechanism, they would have to bear the burdens of pollution, soil
degradation, community conflicts from resource curse and displacement, polluted waters.
Establish Regional and State government MIREMCO
Empower coal communities on the health and environmental hazards of coal and equip them on
how to bargain again this losses.
 Push for a health policy to provide special coverage for the health hazards that come from coal,
in the coal host communities.
Track the solid mineral development fund, as well as funds from the GGW projects.
 Engage the National Assembly on the need to have an act for Extended Producer Responsibility;
identifying the pollution caused in the production process of coal, oil, batteries, etc; producers
should be responsible to recycling, recultivation, reclamation, call-back, etc

28.  MoPower, MoFinance: Advocate for a Renewable Energy Act; we have a policy document
that is overridden by practice because it is not a low; i.e. Zero duties for Renewable
equipment import not implemented, instead what is practiced is the ECOWAS common
tariff… We need constitutional backing to open the boarders to RE.
 MoInformation, Power, Science & Tech: To avoid substandard RE-products and change of
public mindset, MoPower, MoEnvironment and MoScience & Tech need to finance public
awareness to showcase the success of RE in various sector. Amplify the success of RE in
Nigeria; this can be done using social and traditional media, as well as visual drama. For
substandard RE , the ministries can also finance training workshops on RE production,
installation, maintenance and repairs as well as checking for NAPTIN, SON, NEMA, NERC,
Customs, etc on how to code and identify substandard products.
 MoHealth and Education: Ministries can take up strategies especially for the Health and
Education sector on ways to improve health services and Education; by financing Solar water
projects for PHCs, Solar for Schools sanitation and toiletry (recall Ebola and schools without
water). Evidences can be gotten by visiting and getting experiences from schools and
hospitals with RE solution.
 Compared to other Sub-Saharan countries, RE seem to be springing real fast, what are the
barriers to RE inflow into Nigeria, and the energy market? We can have a study to gets the
first hand testimonies from RE-investors in and outside Nigeria to identify the barrier
experienced first hand. This study can also review the existing regulations and areas needing
adjustment. Findings will go to NASS, MoPower, ECN, etc
WHAT WE CAN DO

29.  Agriculture: Initiate research and proposals on how renewable can be used to improve
agriculture. Showing various funding models for RE equipments. This can be done in
collaboration with farmers cooperatives and renewable experts in the sector. Funding
Renewable for agriculture in Nigeria; curbing the waste; coming up with business models.
Identifying the regional problem of farm irrigation, especially in areas of droughts, we can
initiate projects for provision of solar irrigation system . This can be done using Constituency
Funds, CSR of Businesses, State Budgets, etc. We can target Women Cooperative Farmers,
Solar investor, the MoAgric and Women Affairs as a pilot. MoAgric and MoWaater Resource
should allocate more fund for solar irrigation to tackle food shortage.
 SMEs, Youth Entrepreneurship & Women Empowerment: Ministry of Trade and
Investment, Youth and Sports, Women affairs and the Federal Ministry of Finance, can
create a purse for young entrepreneurs to access funds to go green with cheap affordable
solar systems with minimal monthly installment payments with a 5% interest rate to
improve their businesses.
 Deficit Housing: To address deficit and affordable housing. MoWorks and Housing can look
towards adaptation of climate friendly low cost housing estates. Ecofriendly Brick houses
that are well ventilated and affordable to the poor Nigerians, with payments put on
installment; briefs to the National Assembly and Ministry of Works and Housing can show
how such housing schemes are not only green, affordable to the Nigerian people, but are
also bankable. The Housing Scheme can be invested in this venture as well as the Pensions
purse. Loans from International organizations can invested into green housing schemes.
State governments need to tap into the wave of Renewable energy findings. Need for urban
WHAT WE CAN DO

30.  On Budget cost for fuel, generator maintenance: we can begin a campaign to induce MDAs
to switch to RE for power generation, since they work during daylight.
 Ministry of Science & Technology, Ministry of Labor and Productivity: MoPower need to
financing into learning, research for RE technology in Nigeria. This will induce local content
and socialization of RE knowledge. MoPower can also sponsor Nigerian Engineering
students to study RE technology and their working.
 Transport: there is need to invest massively in clean magnetic/electric speed trains.
 Campaign should be geared on removing high emitting vehicles from Nigerian roads as
they constitute major pollution especially in urban cities.
 As a measure of raising funds while reducing emission, Vehicle Inspection agency, road
safety in collaboration with the MoEnvironment can introduce CO2 emission devices
for vehicles at set limit, where car owners with high emission either park their cars or
get to paid fines when caught .
 Need to develop marine transport in water areas, against the too much use of emitting
vehicles
WHAT WE CAN DO

31. Final Note
• Yes there is clean coal; but why are nations
like China, USA, Netherlands, Germany, etc
not buying clean coal (at least from Nigeria);
instead of spending money shutting down and
abandoning their coal plants. It may be
international political economics, but the
result of the energy politicking shows that
fossil fuel is loosing and we must key to the
winning side

32. The Sustainability Clause
We cannot walk against time and technology… you
cannot beat change; its no longer just fact but
reality that the world is going green.
Whether propaganda or not; western conspiracy or
not; the fact is stirring at us in the face; renewable
energy is here to stay and expand; while fossil fuel is
loosing its comparative advantage.
Nations are investing heavily in renewable research
and recording break through, the climate change
reality have also supported the need for this energy
shift. We cannot pretend, we must search for entry
into RE

33. ThanThan
kk