Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3

Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3 Oliver Hader, 09/2015
Meaning of Data
Web Semantics in TYPO3

session:~$ whoami
• freelance software engineer
• since 2007 TYPO3 Core Developer / Active Contributor
• from 2010 to 2015 Leader of the TYPO3 Core Team
• 2002-2007 studies in computer science
• since 2014 studies in internet web science

Overview
• “What is it all about?!“
• Linked Open Data - An idea…
• Boring Theory - Technology Stack
• Reasoning & Examples
• Possibilities for TYPO3

“What is it all about?!“

Google Search for “palma de mallorca“

… for “weather in palma de mallorca“

DBpedia - basically Wikipedia extraction

“brad pitt ﬁghting with his wife in a movie“

• works quite well
• has limitations on
• combinations
• ﬁnding relevant data
• reusing relevant data
Searching in Google

Linked Open Data

Linked Open Data
• synonyms: “car” vs. “automobile“
• homonyms: “jaguar“ could be car, animal or Mac OS X
• hierarchy: “car“ and “bicycle“ are known as “vehicle“
• language: “visualize“ vs. “visualise“
• language: “visualisieren“@de vs. “visualiser“@fr

Linked Open Data
• Wikipedia has lots of information already
• HTML just represents and links information
• HTML does not provide further meaning of data
• DBpedia is basically a semantic extract of Wikipedia
• DBpedia provides meaning on various resources
• data can be fetched using SPARQL (“semantic SQL“)

Linked Open Data
• many variants like WikiData, GeoNames/GeoSPARQL, …
• information is stored at different locations/hosts
• information is linked all across the internet
• URIs are used to identify “things“ for machines
• URLs are used to provide information for humans
• goal is to have a massive graph of linked data

Very Boring Theory

Technology Stack

Technology Stack
• XML & XSD (XML Schema Deﬁnition) - valid & well-formed
• RDF (Resource Description Framework) - meaning
• RDF-S (RDF Schema) - add own concepts
• OWL (Ontology Web Language) - vocabulary
• SPARQL - fetch results from the above

RDF Triples
• 3 components create a particular meaning
• <Subject>
<Predicate/Property>
<Object>
.

• <:Oliver>
<:hasFirstName>
<“Oliver“>
; 

<:talksAbout>
<:SemanticWeb>
; 

<:talksAt>
<:T3CampMallorca15>
.

• <:T3CampMallorca15>
<:starts>
<“2015-‐09-‐25“^^xsd:date>
; 

<:ends>
<“2015-‐09-‐27“^^xsd:date>
; 

<:happensIn>
<:PalmaDeMallorca>
.

• <:PalmaDeMallorca>
<owl:sameAs>
<dbr:Palma,_Majorca>
.

• <dbr:Palma,_Majorca>
<rdf:type>
<dbo:City>
.

RDF Schema
• What’s a “City“ actually?
• <dbr:Palma,_Majorca>
<rdf:type>
<dbo:City>
.

• <dbo:City>
<rdf:type>
<rdfs:Class>
; 

<rdfs:subClassOf>
<dbo:Settlement>
.

• <:name>
<rdf:type>
<rdf:Property>
; 

<rdfs:domain>
<dbo:City>
; 

<rdfs:range>
xsd:string
.

• <:isPartOf>
<rdf:type>
<rdf:Property>
; 

<rdfs:domain>
<dbo:City>
; 

<rdfs:range>
<:Region>
; 

<rdfs:subPropertyOf>
<:belongsTo>
.

Annotations
• describe current document or node
• Rich Snippets
• Microformat (limited vocabulary)
• Microdata
• RDFa Lite (RDF Annotations)
• JSON-LD (Linked Data)

Microdata
• <div
itemscope
itemtype="http://schema.org/Movie"> 

<h1
itemprop="name">Avatar</h1> 

<div
itemprop="director"
itemscope 

itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> 

Director:
<span
itemprop="name">James
Cameron</span>, 

born
<span
itemprop="birthDate">August
16,
1954</span> 

</div> 

<span
itemprop="genre">Science
fiction</span> 

<a
href="../movies/avatar-‐theatrical-‐trailer.html" 

itemprop="trailer">Trailer</a> 
</div>

• <:something
rdf:type
http://schema.org/Movie>
. 
<:something
http://schema.org/name
“Avatar“>
.

RDFa Lite
• <p
vocab="http://schema.org/"
typeof="Person"> 

My
name
is 

<span
property="name">Manu
Sporny</span> 

and
you
can
give
me
a
ring
via 

<span
property="telephone">1-‐800-‐555-‐0199</span> 

or
visit
 

<a
property="url"
href="http://manu.sporny.org/"> 

my
homepage</a>. 
</p>

• <:something
rdf:type
http://schema.org/Person>
. 
<:something
http://schema.org/name
“Manu
Sporny“>
. 
<:something
http://schema.org/telephone
“…“>
.

JSON-LD
• { 

"@context":
{ 

"name":
"http://schema.org/name", 

"homepage":
{ 

"@id":
"http://schema.org/url", 

"@type":
"@id" 

} 

}, 

"name":
"Manu
Sporny", 

"homepage":
"http://manu.sporny.org/", 

"image":
"http://manu.sporny.org/images/manu.png" 
}

OWL
• effectively working with RDF/RDF-S
• classes & individuals (“instances“)
• properties & data-types (“predicates“)
• ranges & domains
• required for proper reasoning and inference
• comes in 3 dialects - lite, description logic, full

OWL
• equivalents by rules
• Spaniard:
Person
and 
(inhabitantOf
some
SpanishCity)

• meaning of properties
• inverse, symmetric, transitive, disjoint, …
• <Palma
isPartOf
Mallorca>
&
<Mallorca
contains
Palma>

• cardinalities of properties - minimum, maximum, exact
• <:hasParent
owl:cardinality
“2“^^xsd:integer>

Assumptions
• Closed World Assumption (CWA)
• “everything is said, there’s nothing more“
• Open World Assumption (OWA)
• “there might still be more unknown facts“
• <:Bob
:hasSister
:Alice>
.

• <:Bob
:hasSister
:Cassandra>
.
#
what
he
does
not
know…

SPARQL
• “it’s like SQL, but very different…“
• PREFIX
dbo:
<http://dbpedia.org/ontology/> 
PREFIX
dbr:
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/> 
SELECT
DISTINCT
?subject
?object 
WHERE
{ 

?subject
rdf:type
dbo:Automobile
. 

?subject
dbo:manufacturer
?object
. 

FILTER(?object
=
dbr:SEAT) 
}

• dbr:SEAT_Ibiza

#
?subject

dbr:SEAT
#
?object 
dbr:SEAT_Exeo

dbr:SEAT 
dbr:SEAT_IBE

dbr:SEAT

Storage
• MySQL seems to be possible, but gets slow
• Stanbol, Virtuoso, Sesame, Allegro, Jena
• choosing the proper storage depends
• frequency of loads and amount of tripples
• level of inferencing
• query language

Reasoning & Examples

Reasoning & Examples
• Demo in Protégé
• Tool to model ontologies
• Developed at Standford University

Possibilities for TYPO3

Activities in the past
• extension “semantic“ # discontinued
• SPARQL endpoint handling to import RDF triples
• extension „scotty“ # discontinued
• bring semantic technologies into TYPO3 CMS
• categories, taxonomies, identities
• diploma thesis by Sebastian Kurfürst # Flow & Neos 
“Exposing Domain Models as Linked Data“

Future possibilities
• linking custom domain models with ontologies
• enriches the meaning of your data
• allows more sophisticated search statements
• exposing data by having an own SPARQL endpoint
• adds more meaning to your data than REST does
• automatically enrich your markup with RDFa
• SEO at it’s best & makes Google happy… maybe…

Just a “VroomVroom“ model example…

Just a “VroomVroom“ view example…

Future possibilities
• project by Johannes Goslar
• RTE with Named Entity Recognition (NER)
• “Alex bought a Jaguar in 2011“
• “Alex[Person] bought[verb] Jaguar[Thing] in 2011[Date]“
• Jaguar could be a car, an animal or Mac OS X version
• automated annotation of written text with RDF tripples

NER example in TYPO3 CMS RTEMeeting, Date, Location

?Questions
ohader 
@ohader 
Oliver_Hader
follow me

Thank you
ohader 
@ohader 
Oliver_Hader
follow me

Links
• http://lod-cloud.net/
• http://bnode.org/blog/2009/07/08/the-semantic-web-not-a-piece-of-cake
• http://www.theﬁgtrees.net/lee/blog/2006/11/semantic_web_technologies_in_t.html
• http://teaching-wiki.sti2.at/uploads/3/3d/07_SW-OWL.pdf 
& http://teaching-wiki.sti2.at/index.php/Semantic_Web
• https://developers.google.com/structured-data/schema-org
• https://tools.wmﬂabs.org/reasonator/
• https://github.com/semsol/arc2/wiki
• http://aksw.org/Projects/Erfurt.html
• https://forge.typo3.org/projects/extension-semantic
• https://forge.typo3.org/projects/extension-scotty
• http://www.rn.inf.tu-dresden.de/uploads/Studentische_Arbeiten/Diplomarbeit_Kurf
%C3%BCrst_Sebastian.pdf

Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3

Recommandé

Recommandé

Contenu connexe

En vedette

En vedette (20)

Plus de Oliver Hader

Plus de Oliver Hader (19)

Dernier

Dernier (20)

Meaning of Data - Web Semantics in TYPO3