1. Algae Fuels : Emerging opportunities for Indian Entrepreneurs

2. The story behind Oilgae…

3. Why are we here for? To give a overall summary about algae biofuels To highlight the opportunities in this sector

4. List of Contents Introduction Classification of energy Biofuels Biomass as fuel source Introduction to algae biofuels History Uniqueness of algae fuels Technology Algae fuels: Growth and Investments Role of India in algae biofuels Current status of algae fuels in India Benefits to Emerging entrepreneurs Challenges and bottlenecks Conclusion

5. Introduction Incremental need for alternative fuels is mainly due to: Rising crude oil prices Resulting impact on our environment due to fossil fuels (e.g., global warming)

6. Classification of energy ENERGY SOURCE Non RenewableEnergy Renewable Energy Solar Alternative Traditional Wind Oil Hydro Nuclear Gas Ocean Tar Sands Coal Oil Shale Geothermal Gas Hydrates Biomass

9. Biofuels are fuels that are derived from organic biomass, rather than minerals

10. Classified into 1st , 2nd & 3rd generation biofuels

12. Familiar feedstocks

13. Scalable to production capacities

15. Low land-use efficiency

17. More efficient and environmentally friendly

18. Less farmland is required

20. not directly affecting the human food chain

21. grown in places that are not suitable foragriculture

22. enhanced efficiencies or reduction in costCons The problem of course isin developingtechnologies that will enable this kind of biofuel to be more cost effective to make.

23. Introduction to algae fuels

24. History of energy from algae Aquatic Species Programme, (1978 and 1996) Mainly focused on microalgae for oil (biodiesel) 25 million dollar investment Production of algae for fuel is not economically viable Since 2002, there have been a number of commercial and research efforts in the algae energy field, and the activities have further accelerated starting 2008. While most of the efforts in the first few years focused on biodiesel as the end-product, recently a number of efforts have recently been initiated to explore the viability of using algae as feedstock for other energy products.

25. Uniqueness of algae fuels Higher oil yield Lesser land requirement food vs. fuel Algae fuels Adaptability Range of products WWT & CO2 capture

26. Higher oil yield

27. Lesser land requirement Algae is capable of producing 30 times more oil per acre than the current crops now utilized for the production of biofuels. Algae could produce up to 94,000 liters of oil per acre, shrinking land requirements

28. Adaptability to a range of environment Grown under conditions which are unsuitable for conventional crop production (marine water, wastewater, open ponds)

29. Solve the food versus fuel problem Does not compete directly with crops grown for food Algae can make use of marine and waster water Some algae can be grown in desert regions Some algae can be grown in ocean environment Does not require expensive nutrients for growing

30. A wide range of fuel products Algae

31. Integrated with Wastewater Treatment and CO2 capture

32. How to obtain fuel from algae? Picking up the best algae Growing the algae Harvesting Generating the fuel product

33. Open systems

34. Closed systems Tubular PBR Flat plate PBR Also referred as Photobioreactors

35. Product generation via different routes Biodiesel Ethanol Hydrogen Methane Electricity – where algae biomass is directly used for combustion Other hydrocarbon fuel variants, such as JP-8 fuel, gasoline, biobutanol etc.

36. Biodiesel from algae Cultivation of Microalgae species Harvesting of Microalgae Extraction of Oil from Microalgae Transesterification Biodiesel

37. Ethanol from algae Algae Biomass Fermentation Ethanol

38. Hydrogen from algae Biomass Gasification Biogas Fermentation Dark Fermentation Steam Reformation H2

39. Methane from algae Algal Biomass Anaerobic digestion Methane

40. Challenges & Bottlenecks Economical Biological Technical

41. Picking up an algae strain

42. Technical Challenges Maintenance of open pond cultivation Cost of closed systems Harvesting of microalgae

43. Economics

44. Algae fuels: Growth and Investments

45. Growth More than 100 companies are working on algae fuels, especially in USA and UK

46. Investments

47. Opportunities for Entrepreneurs Biofuel production R&D Investor Equipment manufacturer Biofuel refineries Bioremediation using algae

48. Tremendous opportunities for Indian entrepreneurs

49. Supports Government funds Cleantech investors Carbon credits and nutrient credits

50. Key players Research Institutes & Organizations > 25 Pilot plant Commercial plant <5 0

52. Established in 1977

53. The first major research on algae technology at MCRC was on Spirulina

55. PetroAlgae has signed an MOU to license its proprietary technology for producing and harvesting algae for fuel to Indian Oil

58. StatoilHydro and India's leading oil company ONGC have signed an MOU

61. Algae biofuel production holds future promise for developing countries.

62. More jobs

63. Energy independence