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Hay, hay…..CTA!!*
*(Warning: bad pun)

Craig Hore
Intensive Care Unit
Liverpool Hospital
For the city slickers…..
MIST
M:
75 yr old male brought to by helicopter after
getting head trapped between tractor hydraulic
mechanism and hay bale lifting apparatus
(approx. 4 inch gap)
Previously fit and well

I:

Ü  Lateral and anterior neck injuries
Ü  Head injury
Ü  Facial bone injuries

Approx Injury Time:
Dispatched:
Arrive scene:
Depart:
ED:

10.40
10.53
11.40
12.08
13.04
MIST
S:
Ü  BP= 140/75
Ü  GCS = 15
Ü  RR 25

HR= 63
Sats 96%

T:
Ü  Fentanyl
Ü  Ondansetron
Ü  Sandbags and tap (not tolerating cervical neck

collar)

Approx Injury Time:
Dispatched:
Arrive scene:
Depart:
ED:

10.40
10.53
11.40
12.08
13.04
Primary Survey
A
Ü 

Patent; no stridor

Ü 

Neck - sandbags and tape in situ

Ü 

Expectorating blood

B
Ü 

SpO2 96%

Ü 

RR = 25

Ü 

Trachea midline

Ü 

No chest wall tenderness

Ü 

Equal breath sounds bilaterally

Approx Injury Time:
Dispatched:
Arrive scene:
Depart:
ED:

10.40
10.53
11.40
12.08
13.04
Primary Survey
C
Ü 

Well perfused; CRT < 2sec

Ü 

PR 63 bpm BP 140/75

Ü 

Pelvis stable Abdo SNT

D
Ü 

GCS 15 PEARL

E
Ü 

• 

Logroll NAD
Immediate management
Ü  IV access:

- Bloods taken
Ü  Immobilisation
Ü  O2
Ü  Warming:

- Warmed IV Fluids
- Warming blanket
Ü  ADT given

• 
Secondary survey
Ü  HEAD:
- 

Loose teeth, bleeding from mouth

Ü  NECK:
- 

No central C-spine tenderness

- 

Sandbags and tape

- 

Bilateral swelling and ecchymoses of
the lateral neck

Ü  CHEST: NAD

• 
Secondary survey
Ü  ABDO:

- SNT; normal FAST
Ü  PELVIS:

- stable; plain X-ray normal
Ü  LIMBS:

- NAD
Ü  BACK:

- NAD
• 
Where to next?
Radiology department
Ü  CT BRAIN (14:50):

- no acute intracranial abnormality

Approx Injury Time:
Dispatched:
Arrive scene:
Depart:
ED:

10.40
10.53
11.40
12.08
13.04
Any other images?
Why or why not?
Radiology department
Ü  CT CAROTID ANGIO:

Approx Injury Time:
Dispatched:
Arrive scene:
Depart:
ED:

10.40
10.53
11.40
12.08
13.04
Radiology department
Ü  C-spine:
-  non-displaced fracture through right C2 lateral mass

traversing the transverse foramen laterally

-  non-displaced fracture of the base of spinous

process and a displaced fracture of transverse
process of C3 on the right side

- 

non-displaced fracture of the transverse process of
C4 bilaterally traversing the transverse foramina

-  fracture through the transverse foramen of C5 on

the left
Radiology department
Ü  CT CAROTID ANGIO:
-  right vertebral artery dissection
Any other images?
Radiology department
Ü  C-spine MRI (17:19):
-  oedema in the posterior spinal soft tissues of the mid

to upper cervical spine

-  raises possibility of ligamentous injury
Where to next?
Progress
Ü  Admitted to surgical ward
Ü  Vascular surgery and interventional radiology

review:

-  observation
-  not for anti-coagulation
Ü  PCA fentanyl
Ü  Fax / max for mandibular fractures
Ü  Neurosurgical review:
-  cervical collar for six weeks
CTA neck - indications?
Screening criteria CTA Neck
(blunt CVI)
Ü  Injury Mechanism:

Severe cervical hyper-extension, rotation or
hyperflexion associated with:
-  displaced midface or complex mandibular

fracture

-  closed head injury consistent with diffuse axonal

injury

-  near hanging resulting in hypoxic brain injury
Screening criteria CTA Neck
(blunt CVI)
Ü  Physical signs:
-  seat belt abrasion
-  other soft injury of anterior neck resulting in

significant swelling or altered mental status

-  fracture in proximity to ICA or vertebral artery
-  basilar skull fracture involving carotid canal
-  cervical vertebral body fracture
Ü 
Questions?
BCC4: Craig Hore on Trauma: CTA of the Neck and Thorax

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BCC4: Craig Hore on Trauma: CTA of the Neck and Thorax

  • 1. Hay, hay…..CTA!!* *(Warning: bad pun) Craig Hore Intensive Care Unit Liverpool Hospital
  • 2. For the city slickers…..
  • 3. MIST M: 75 yr old male brought to by helicopter after getting head trapped between tractor hydraulic mechanism and hay bale lifting apparatus (approx. 4 inch gap) Previously fit and well I: Ü  Lateral and anterior neck injuries Ü  Head injury Ü  Facial bone injuries Approx Injury Time: Dispatched: Arrive scene: Depart: ED: 10.40 10.53 11.40 12.08 13.04
  • 4. MIST S: Ü  BP= 140/75 Ü  GCS = 15 Ü  RR 25 HR= 63 Sats 96% T: Ü  Fentanyl Ü  Ondansetron Ü  Sandbags and tap (not tolerating cervical neck collar) Approx Injury Time: Dispatched: Arrive scene: Depart: ED: 10.40 10.53 11.40 12.08 13.04
  • 5. Primary Survey A Ü  Patent; no stridor Ü  Neck - sandbags and tape in situ Ü  Expectorating blood B Ü  SpO2 96% Ü  RR = 25 Ü  Trachea midline Ü  No chest wall tenderness Ü  Equal breath sounds bilaterally Approx Injury Time: Dispatched: Arrive scene: Depart: ED: 10.40 10.53 11.40 12.08 13.04
  • 6. Primary Survey C Ü  Well perfused; CRT < 2sec Ü  PR 63 bpm BP 140/75 Ü  Pelvis stable Abdo SNT D Ü  GCS 15 PEARL E Ü  •  Logroll NAD
  • 7. Immediate management Ü  IV access: - Bloods taken Ü  Immobilisation Ü  O2 Ü  Warming: - Warmed IV Fluids - Warming blanket Ü  ADT given • 
  • 8. Secondary survey Ü  HEAD: -  Loose teeth, bleeding from mouth Ü  NECK: -  No central C-spine tenderness -  Sandbags and tape -  Bilateral swelling and ecchymoses of the lateral neck Ü  CHEST: NAD • 
  • 9. Secondary survey Ü  ABDO: - SNT; normal FAST Ü  PELVIS: - stable; plain X-ray normal Ü  LIMBS: - NAD Ü  BACK: - NAD • 
  • 11. Radiology department Ü  CT BRAIN (14:50): - no acute intracranial abnormality Approx Injury Time: Dispatched: Arrive scene: Depart: ED: 10.40 10.53 11.40 12.08 13.04
  • 12. Any other images? Why or why not?
  • 13. Radiology department Ü  CT CAROTID ANGIO: Approx Injury Time: Dispatched: Arrive scene: Depart: ED: 10.40 10.53 11.40 12.08 13.04
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24. Radiology department Ü  C-spine: -  non-displaced fracture through right C2 lateral mass traversing the transverse foramen laterally -  non-displaced fracture of the base of spinous process and a displaced fracture of transverse process of C3 on the right side -  non-displaced fracture of the transverse process of C4 bilaterally traversing the transverse foramina -  fracture through the transverse foramen of C5 on the left
  • 25. Radiology department Ü  CT CAROTID ANGIO: -  right vertebral artery dissection
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31. Radiology department Ü  C-spine MRI (17:19): -  oedema in the posterior spinal soft tissues of the mid to upper cervical spine -  raises possibility of ligamentous injury
  • 33. Progress Ü  Admitted to surgical ward Ü  Vascular surgery and interventional radiology review: -  observation -  not for anti-coagulation Ü  PCA fentanyl Ü  Fax / max for mandibular fractures Ü  Neurosurgical review: -  cervical collar for six weeks
  • 34. CTA neck - indications?
  • 35. Screening criteria CTA Neck (blunt CVI) Ü  Injury Mechanism: Severe cervical hyper-extension, rotation or hyperflexion associated with: -  displaced midface or complex mandibular fracture -  closed head injury consistent with diffuse axonal injury -  near hanging resulting in hypoxic brain injury
  • 36. Screening criteria CTA Neck (blunt CVI) Ü  Physical signs: -  seat belt abrasion -  other soft injury of anterior neck resulting in significant swelling or altered mental status -  fracture in proximity to ICA or vertebral artery -  basilar skull fracture involving carotid canal -  cervical vertebral body fracture Ü