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Software-defined Networks as Databases

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Open Networking Summits
Open Networking Summits

Anduo Wang University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Research Track Session Part 2 ONS2015: http://bit.ly/ons2015sd ONS Inspire! Webinars: http://bit.ly/oiw-sd Watch the talk (video) on ONS Content Archives: http://bit.ly/ons-archives-sd

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Software-defined Networks as Databases AnduoWang* Wenchao Zhou† Brighten Godfrey* Matthew Caesar* *University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign †Georgetown University
SDN not built with consistency in mind 2 writing app program is easy OS distributed state abstraction: view PL configuration abstraction: function(view) features techniques, abstractions control- plane interfaces end user data-plane serves concurrent apps
SDN not built with consistency in mind 2 writing app program is easy OS distributed state abstraction: view PL configuration abstraction: function(view) features techniques, abstractions control- plane interfaces end user data-plane serves concurrent apps ? forwarding abstraction: any switch that speaks openflow
SDN not built with consistency in mind 2 writing app program is easy OS distributed state abstraction: view PL configuration abstraction: function(view) features techniques, abstractions control- plane interfaces end user data-plane serves concurrent apps no control over event ordering, timing of changes how to instill customizable, flexible correctness criteria? how to achieve continuous, reliable correctness guarantee? ? forwarding abstraction: any switch that speaks openflow
this presents a challenge for SDN 3
this presents a challenge for SDN as networks become foundation of modern lives -used for critical infrastructure: military, financial, healthcare... -higher correctness concerns: regulatory requirements (HIPAA, Sarbanes Oxley), security, privacy 3
this presents a challenge for SDN as networks become foundation of modern lives -used for critical infrastructure: military, financial, healthcare... -higher correctness concerns: regulatory requirements (HIPAA, Sarbanes Oxley), security, privacy as SDN deployments advance 3
this presents a challenge for SDN as networks become foundation of modern lives -used for critical infrastructure: military, financial, healthcare... -higher correctness concerns: regulatory requirements (HIPAA, Sarbanes Oxley), security, privacy as SDN deployments advance tension between control- /data-plane increases 3
writing app program is easy OS distributed state abstraction: view PL configuration abstraction: function(view) no control over event ordering, timing of changes how to instill customizable, flexible correctness criteria? how to achieve continuous, reliable correctness guarantee? ? forwarding abstraction: any switch that speaks openflow inspiration: databases 4 features techniques, abstractions control- plane interfaces single user data-plane serves concurrent apps
writing app program is easy OS distributed state abstraction: view PL configuration abstraction: function(view) no control over event ordering, timing of changes how to instill customizable, flexible correctness criteria? how to achieve continuous, reliable correctness guarantee? ? forwarding abstraction: any switch that speaks openflow inspiration: databases 4 features techniques, abstractions control- plane interfaces single user data-plane serves concurrent apps should (like DB) hide app program from data-plane concurrency, updates permit data-plane concurrency and optimization with correctness guarantee DB forwarding abstraction: view as database
writing app program is easy OS distributed state abstraction: view PL configuration abstraction: function(view) no control over event ordering, timing of changes how to instill customizable, flexible correctness criteria? how to achieve continuous, reliable correctness guarantee? ? forwarding abstraction: any switch that speaks openflow inspiration: databases 4 features techniques, abstractions control- plane interfaces single user data-plane serves concurrent apps should (like DB) hide app program from data-plane concurrency, updates permit data-plane concurrency and optimization with correctness guarantee DB forwarding abstraction: view as database
our approach: map database structure onto SDN 5
our approach: map database structure onto SDN data item corresponds to network view (configuration) -data item = configuration = path attributes ≠ switching rules - the attributes associated with each flow’s forwarding path -switches = distributed data-structure - the data-structure implements the data item 5
our approach: map database structure onto SDN data item corresponds to network view (configuration) -data item = configuration = path attributes ≠ switching rules - the attributes associated with each flow’s forwarding path -switches = distributed data-structure - the data-structure implements the data item write corresponds to configuration update 5
our approach: map database structure onto SDN data item corresponds to network view (configuration) -data item = configuration = path attributes ≠ switching rules - the attributes associated with each flow’s forwarding path -switches = distributed data-structure - the data-structure implements the data item write corresponds to configuration update read corresponds to data traffic forwarding 5
our work: map database structure onto SDN 6 network view = configuration = path attributes data item configuration update W(data item, value), OK() traffic traversal R(data item), OK(value) networking entity database structure k(kids➙YouTube) S1 S2 S3 parents controller kidsYouTube operations W(k, S1) OK() R(k) OK(S1) p(parents➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1 y2 p k dest ... p: ... k: ... y1: ... y2: ... database
our work: map database structure onto SDN 6 network view = configuration = path attributes data item configuration update W(data item, value), OK() traffic traversal R(data item), OK(value) networking entity database structure k(kids➙YouTube) S1 S2 S3 parents controller kidsYouTube operations W(k, S1) OK() R(k) OK(S1) p(parents➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1 y2 p k dest ... p: ... k: ... y1: ... y2: ... database
our work: map database structure onto SDN 6 network view = configuration = path attributes data item configuration update W(data item, value), OK() traffic traversal R(data item), OK(value) networking entity database structure k(kids➙YouTube) S1 S2 S3 parents controller kidsYouTube operations W(k, S1) OK() R(k) OK(S1) p(parents➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1 y2 p k dest ... p: ... k: ... y1: ... y2: ... database
our work: map database structure onto SDN 6 network view = configuration = path attributes data item configuration update W(data item, value), OK() traffic traversal R(data item), OK(value) networking entity database structure k(kids➙YouTube) S1 S2 S3 parents controller kidsYouTube k: fwdYouTube k: S1 k: S2 operations W(k, S1) OK() R(k) OK(S1) p(parents➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1 y2 p k dest ... p: ... k: ... y1: ... y2: ... database
our work: map database structure onto SDN 6 network view = configuration = path attributes data item configuration update W(data item, value), OK() traffic traversal R(data item), OK(value) networking entity database structure k(kids➙YouTube) S1 S2 S3 parents controller kidsYouTube k: fwdYouTube k: S1 k: S2 operations W(k, S1) OK() R(k) OK(S1) ackackack p(parents➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1 y2 p k dest ... p: ... k: ... y1: ... y2: ... database k: S1
our work: map database structure onto SDN 6 network view = configuration = path attributes data item configuration update W(data item, value), OK() traffic traversal R(data item), OK(value) networking entity database structure k(kids➙YouTube) S1 S2 S3 parents controller kidsYouTube operations W(k, S1) OK() R(k) OK(S1) p(parents➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1 y2 p k dest ... p: ... k: ... y1: ... y2: ... database k: S1
our work: map database structure onto SDN 6 network view = configuration = path attributes data item configuration update W(data item, value), OK() traffic traversal R(data item), OK(value) networking entity database structure k(kids➙YouTube) S1 S2 S3 parents controller kidsYouTube operations W(k, S1) OK() R(k) OK(S1) k(kids➙YouTube)p(parents➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1 y2 p k dest ... p: ... k: ... y1: ... y2: ... database k: S1
our work: map database structure onto SDN 6 network view = configuration = path attributes data item configuration update W(data item, value), OK() traffic traversal R(data item), OK(value) networking entity database structure k(kids➙YouTube) S1 S2 S3 parents controller kidsYouTube operations W(k, S1) OK() R(k) OK(S1) k(kids➙YouTube)p(parents➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1 y2 p k dest ... p: ... k: ... y1: ... y2: ... database k: S1k: S1
our work: map database structure onto SDN 6 network view = configuration = path attributes data item configuration update W(data item, value), OK() traffic traversal R(data item), OK(value) networking entity database structure k(kids➙YouTube) S1 S2 S3 parents controller kidsYouTube operations W(k, S1) OK() R(k) OK(S1) p(parents➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1 y2 p k dest ... p: ... k: ... y1: ... y2: ... database k: S1k: S1
our work: map database structure onto SDN 7 network view = per-flow configurations (policies) data item control domain actual network view as switch flow tables network view maintained by controller database site register secure storage network view update traffic forwarding write read network view updates = updates for all affected flows in an app transaction two configuration update overlap configuration update overlaps in-flight traffic (ACID, CAP ...) write/write conflict read/write conflict our contribution: design a database model, a basis for porting DB techniques towards a more tractable and powerful SDN networking entity database structure
our work: port DB techniques identify correctness criteria by adapting well-studied DB properties -ACID (atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability) - build solid and reliable SDN by using ACID as reference properties -CAP: only two of consistency, availability, and partition are achievable - understand the limitation, potential, and trade-off of SDN achieve correctness with well-tested DB mechanism -scheduling SDN write/read by linearization - improving performance (concurrency) while retaining the correctness (sequential behavior) 8
ongoing work: prototyping scheduling 9 control program scheduler
ongoing work: prototyping scheduling 9 control program scheduler scheduler application properties (ACID, CAP) SDN database model linearization algorithm readwrite control app dependency
writing app program is easy OS distributed state abstraction: view PL configuration abstraction: function(view) no control over event ordering, timing of changes how to instill customizable, flexible correctness criteria? how to achieve continuous, reliable correctness guarantee? ? forwarding abstraction: any switch that speaks openflow recap: SDN as databases 10 features techniques, abstractions control- plane interfaces single user data-plane serves concurrent apps should (like DB) hide app program from data-plane concurrency, updates permit data-plane concurrency and optimization with correctness guarantee DB forwarding abstraction: view as database
grand challenge and great potential 11
grand challenge and great potential SDN database design space is unusual -data item = path attributes, implemented by distributed data-structure = switches -very large scale, communication gap between register & storage 11
grand challenge and great potential SDN database design space is unusual -data item = path attributes, implemented by distributed data-structure = switches -very large scale, communication gap between register & storage future work -write control apps with DB query language, which offers - data-dependency hiding: hide apps from data-plane - query suggestion/completion: provide hints and automation -ensure data-plane correctness with general DB mechanism - synchronizing R/W,W/W by scheduling / locking 11
backup 12
dest ... p: S1 k: S1 y1: S3 y2: S3 map data to configuration 13 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube per flow policy, implemented by a distributed set of switches data item attributes, describe the collective effects of switch actions database p(parents➙Youtube) k(kids➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) switching rules that implement data item k (policy for k) k: fwdYouTube k: S2k: S1 flows: y1 y2 p k
data-plane and distributed databases 14 dest p: S1 k: S1 y1: S3 y2: S3 DM S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube p(parents➙Youtube) k(kids➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1 y2 p k paths: s1s2s3
data-plane and distributed databases 14 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube p(parents➙Youtube) k(kids➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids)
data-plane and distributed databases 14 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube S5 S4 k1,2: S5 *: drop p(parents➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1,2 p k1,2 paths: s1s2s5s3 s1s2s4s3 k1(kids➙firewall) k2(kids➙Youtube)
data-plane and distributed databases 14 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube S5 S4 k1,2: S5 *: drop p(parents➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1,2 p k1,2 paths: s1s2s5s3 s1s2s4s3 k1(kids➙firewall) k2(kids➙Youtube)
data-plane and distributed databases 14 dest k1: S5 k2: drop y1: drop DM B B =S1S2S5S3 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube S5 S4 k1,2: S5 *: drop p(parents➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1,2 p k1,2 paths: s1s2s5s3 s1s2s4s3 k1(kids➙firewall) k2(kids➙Youtube)
data-plane and distributed databases 14 dest k1: S5 k2: drop y1: drop DM B B =S1S2S5S3 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube S5 S4 k1,2: S5 *: S2 *: drop p: S4 y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1,2 p k1,2 paths: s1s2s5s3 s1s2s4s3 p(parents➙Youtube) k1(kids➙firewall) k2(kids➙Youtube)
data-plane and distributed databases 14 dest k1: S5 k2: drop y1: drop DM B B =S1S2S5S3 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube S5 S4 k1,2: S5 *: S2 *: drop p: S4 y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1,2 p k1,2 paths: s1s2s5s3 s1s2s4s3 p(parents➙Youtube) k1(kids➙firewall) k2(kids➙Youtube)
data-plane and distributed databases 14 dest p: S4 y1: S3 DM A A=S1...S2S4S3 dest k1: S5 k2: drop y1: drop DM B B =S1S2S5S3 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube S5 S4 k1,2: S5 *: S2 *: drop p: S4 y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1,2 p k1,2 paths: s1s2s5s3 s1s2s4s3 p(parents➙Youtube) k1(kids➙firewall) k2(kids➙Youtube)
data-plane and distributed databases 14 dest p: S4 y1: S3 DM A A=S1...S2S4S3 DM B B =S1S2S5S3 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube S5 S4 k1,2: S5 *: S2 p: S4 dest k1: S5 k2: S1 y1: S3 k2: S1 y1,2: S3 y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1,2 p k1,2 paths: s1s2s5s3 s1s2s4s3 p(parents➙Youtube) k1(kids➙firewall) k2(kids➙Youtube)
networking activities transactions operations controller sets up paths for kids and parents T1 WB(k1, S5), ok() WA(p, S4), ok() kids send firewall set-up request to S5 T2 RB(k1), ok(S5) firewall accepts kids’ request and controller sets up paths between kids and YouTube T3 WB(k2, S1), ok() WB(y, S3), ok() kids send request toYouTube T4 RB(k2), ok(S1) YouTube respond with video streaming T5 RB(y), ok(S3) data-plane and distributed databases 14 dest p: S4 y1: S3 DM A A=S1...S2S4S3 DM B B =S1S2S5S3 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube S5 S4 k1,2: S5 *: S2 p: S4 dest k1: S5 k2: S1 y1: S3 k2: S1 y1,2: S3 y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1,2 p k1,2 paths: s1s2s5s3 s1s2s4s3 p(parents➙Youtube) k1(kids➙firewall) k2(kids➙Youtube)
networking activities transactions operations controller sets up paths for kids and parents T1 WB(k1, S5), ok() WA(p, S4), ok() kids send firewall set-up request to S5 T2 RB(k1), ok(S5) firewall accepts kids’ request and controller sets up paths between kids and YouTube T3 WB(k2, S1), ok() WB(y, S3), ok() kids send request toYouTube T4 RB(k2), ok(S1) YouTube respond with video streaming T5 RB(y), ok(S3) data-plane and distributed databases 14 dest p: S4 y1: S3 DM A A=S1...S2S4S3 DM B B =S1S2S5S3 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube S5 S4 k1,2: S5 *: S2 p: S4 dest k1: S5 k2: S1 y1: S3 k2: S1 y1,2: S3 y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1,2 p k1,2 paths: s1s2s5s3 s1s2s4s3 p(parents➙Youtube) k1(kids➙firewall) k2(kids➙Youtube)
networking activities transactions operations controller sets up paths for kids and parents T1 WB(k1, S5), ok() WA(p, S4), ok() kids send firewall set-up request to S5 T2 RB(k1), ok(S5) firewall accepts kids’ request and controller sets up paths between kids and YouTube T3 WB(k2, S1), ok() WB(y, S3), ok() kids send request toYouTube T4 RB(k2), ok(S1) YouTube respond with video streaming T5 RB(y), ok(S3) data-plane and distributed databases 14 dest p: S4 y1: S3 DM A A=S1...S2S4S3 DM B B =S1S2S5S3 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube S5 S4 k1,2: S5 *: S2 p: S4 dest k1: S5 k2: S1 y1: S3 k2: S1 y1,2: S3 y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1,2 p k1,2 paths: s1s2s5s3 s1s2s4s3 p(parents➙Youtube) k1(kids➙firewall) k2(kids➙Youtube)
15 dest p: S4 y: S3 DM A A=S1...S2S4S3 DM B B =S1...S2S5S3 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube p flowy flow S5 S4 k1 flow (to S5) k2 flow (toYouTube) dest k1: S5 k2: S1 y: S3 ACID atomicity,consistency, isolation,durability
durable transaction -a transaction commits after those it depends on commit - T3 depends on T1 - T1:WB(k1, S5), ok(),WA(p, S4), ok(),T3:WB(k2, S1), ok(),WB(y, S3), ok() -durability enables - recovery data-plane failures from controller’s view 15 dest p: S4 y: S3 DM A A=S1...S2S4S3 DM B B =S1...S2S5S3 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube p flowy flow S5 S4 k1 flow (to S5) k2 flow (toYouTube) dest k1: S5 k2: S1 y: S3 ACID atomicity,consistency, isolation,durability
16 dest p: S4 y: S3 DM A A=S1...S2S4S3 DM B B =S1...S2S5S3 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube S5 S4 dest k1: S5 k2: S1 y: S3 ACID atomicity,consistency, isolation,durability networking activities transactions operations controller sets up paths for kids and parents T1 WB(k1, S5), ok() WA(p, S4), ok() kids send firewall set-up request to S5 T2 RB(k1), ok(S5) firewall accepts kids’ request and controller sets up paths between kids and YouTube T3 WB(k2, S1), ok() WB(y, S3), ok() kids send request toYouTube T4 RB(k2), ok(S1) YouTube respond with video streaming T5 RB(y), ok(S3) flows: y1,2 p k1,2 paths: s1s2s5s3 s1s2s4s3 p(parents➙Youtube) k1(kids➙firewall) k2(kids➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids)
16 dest p: S4 y: S3 DM A A=S1...S2S4S3 DM B B =S1...S2S5S3 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube S5 S4 dest k1: S5 k2: S1 y: S3 ACID atomicity,consistency, isolation,durability flows: y1,2 p k1,2 paths: s1s2s5s3 s1s2s4s3 p(parents➙Youtube) k1(kids➙firewall) k2(kids➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids)
atomic transaction -all operations are (effectively) all or none - T3:WB(k2, S1), ok(),WB(y, S3), ok() -atomicity ensures - YouTube could always respond whenever kids request a video 16 dest p: S4 y: S3 DM A A=S1...S2S4S3 DM B B =S1...S2S5S3 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube S5 S4 dest k1: S5 k2: S1 y: S3 ACID atomicity,consistency, isolation,durability flows: y1,2 p k1,2 paths: s1s2s5s3 s1s2s4s3 p(parents➙Youtube) k1(kids➙firewall) k2(kids➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids)

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Software-defined Networks as Databases

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3. Software-defined Networks as Databases AnduoWang* Wenchao Zhou† Brighten Godfrey* Matthew Caesar* *University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign †Georgetown University
  • 4. SDN not built with consistency in mind 2 writing app program is easy OS distributed state abstraction: view PL configuration abstraction: function(view) features techniques, abstractions control- plane interfaces end user data-plane serves concurrent apps
  • 5. SDN not built with consistency in mind 2 writing app program is easy OS distributed state abstraction: view PL configuration abstraction: function(view) features techniques, abstractions control- plane interfaces end user data-plane serves concurrent apps ? forwarding abstraction: any switch that speaks openflow
  • 6. SDN not built with consistency in mind 2 writing app program is easy OS distributed state abstraction: view PL configuration abstraction: function(view) features techniques, abstractions control- plane interfaces end user data-plane serves concurrent apps no control over event ordering, timing of changes how to instill customizable, flexible correctness criteria? how to achieve continuous, reliable correctness guarantee? ? forwarding abstraction: any switch that speaks openflow
  • 7. this presents a challenge for SDN 3
  • 8. this presents a challenge for SDN as networks become foundation of modern lives -used for critical infrastructure: military, financial, healthcare... -higher correctness concerns: regulatory requirements (HIPAA, Sarbanes Oxley), security, privacy 3
  • 9. this presents a challenge for SDN as networks become foundation of modern lives -used for critical infrastructure: military, financial, healthcare... -higher correctness concerns: regulatory requirements (HIPAA, Sarbanes Oxley), security, privacy as SDN deployments advance 3
  • 10. this presents a challenge for SDN as networks become foundation of modern lives -used for critical infrastructure: military, financial, healthcare... -higher correctness concerns: regulatory requirements (HIPAA, Sarbanes Oxley), security, privacy as SDN deployments advance tension between control- /data-plane increases 3
  • 11. writing app program is easy OS distributed state abstraction: view PL configuration abstraction: function(view) no control over event ordering, timing of changes how to instill customizable, flexible correctness criteria? how to achieve continuous, reliable correctness guarantee? ? forwarding abstraction: any switch that speaks openflow inspiration: databases 4 features techniques, abstractions control- plane interfaces single user data-plane serves concurrent apps
  • 12. writing app program is easy OS distributed state abstraction: view PL configuration abstraction: function(view) no control over event ordering, timing of changes how to instill customizable, flexible correctness criteria? how to achieve continuous, reliable correctness guarantee? ? forwarding abstraction: any switch that speaks openflow inspiration: databases 4 features techniques, abstractions control- plane interfaces single user data-plane serves concurrent apps should (like DB) hide app program from data-plane concurrency, updates permit data-plane concurrency and optimization with correctness guarantee DB forwarding abstraction: view as database
  • 13. writing app program is easy OS distributed state abstraction: view PL configuration abstraction: function(view) no control over event ordering, timing of changes how to instill customizable, flexible correctness criteria? how to achieve continuous, reliable correctness guarantee? ? forwarding abstraction: any switch that speaks openflow inspiration: databases 4 features techniques, abstractions control- plane interfaces single user data-plane serves concurrent apps should (like DB) hide app program from data-plane concurrency, updates permit data-plane concurrency and optimization with correctness guarantee DB forwarding abstraction: view as database
  • 14. our approach: map database structure onto SDN 5
  • 15. our approach: map database structure onto SDN data item corresponds to network view (configuration) -data item = configuration = path attributes ≠ switching rules - the attributes associated with each flow’s forwarding path -switches = distributed data-structure - the data-structure implements the data item 5
  • 16. our approach: map database structure onto SDN data item corresponds to network view (configuration) -data item = configuration = path attributes ≠ switching rules - the attributes associated with each flow’s forwarding path -switches = distributed data-structure - the data-structure implements the data item write corresponds to configuration update 5
  • 17. our approach: map database structure onto SDN data item corresponds to network view (configuration) -data item = configuration = path attributes ≠ switching rules - the attributes associated with each flow’s forwarding path -switches = distributed data-structure - the data-structure implements the data item write corresponds to configuration update read corresponds to data traffic forwarding 5
  • 18. our work: map database structure onto SDN 6 network view = configuration = path attributes data item configuration update W(data item, value), OK() traffic traversal R(data item), OK(value) networking entity database structure k(kids➙YouTube) S1 S2 S3 parents controller kidsYouTube operations W(k, S1) OK() R(k) OK(S1) p(parents➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1 y2 p k dest ... p: ... k: ... y1: ... y2: ... database
  • 19. our work: map database structure onto SDN 6 network view = configuration = path attributes data item configuration update W(data item, value), OK() traffic traversal R(data item), OK(value) networking entity database structure k(kids➙YouTube) S1 S2 S3 parents controller kidsYouTube operations W(k, S1) OK() R(k) OK(S1) p(parents➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1 y2 p k dest ... p: ... k: ... y1: ... y2: ... database
  • 20. our work: map database structure onto SDN 6 network view = configuration = path attributes data item configuration update W(data item, value), OK() traffic traversal R(data item), OK(value) networking entity database structure k(kids➙YouTube) S1 S2 S3 parents controller kidsYouTube operations W(k, S1) OK() R(k) OK(S1) p(parents➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1 y2 p k dest ... p: ... k: ... y1: ... y2: ... database
  • 21. our work: map database structure onto SDN 6 network view = configuration = path attributes data item configuration update W(data item, value), OK() traffic traversal R(data item), OK(value) networking entity database structure k(kids➙YouTube) S1 S2 S3 parents controller kidsYouTube k: fwdYouTube k: S1 k: S2 operations W(k, S1) OK() R(k) OK(S1) p(parents➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1 y2 p k dest ... p: ... k: ... y1: ... y2: ... database
  • 22. our work: map database structure onto SDN 6 network view = configuration = path attributes data item configuration update W(data item, value), OK() traffic traversal R(data item), OK(value) networking entity database structure k(kids➙YouTube) S1 S2 S3 parents controller kidsYouTube k: fwdYouTube k: S1 k: S2 operations W(k, S1) OK() R(k) OK(S1) ackackack p(parents➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1 y2 p k dest ... p: ... k: ... y1: ... y2: ... database k: S1
  • 23. our work: map database structure onto SDN 6 network view = configuration = path attributes data item configuration update W(data item, value), OK() traffic traversal R(data item), OK(value) networking entity database structure k(kids➙YouTube) S1 S2 S3 parents controller kidsYouTube operations W(k, S1) OK() R(k) OK(S1) p(parents➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1 y2 p k dest ... p: ... k: ... y1: ... y2: ... database k: S1
  • 24. our work: map database structure onto SDN 6 network view = configuration = path attributes data item configuration update W(data item, value), OK() traffic traversal R(data item), OK(value) networking entity database structure k(kids➙YouTube) S1 S2 S3 parents controller kidsYouTube operations W(k, S1) OK() R(k) OK(S1) k(kids➙YouTube)p(parents➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1 y2 p k dest ... p: ... k: ... y1: ... y2: ... database k: S1
  • 25. our work: map database structure onto SDN 6 network view = configuration = path attributes data item configuration update W(data item, value), OK() traffic traversal R(data item), OK(value) networking entity database structure k(kids➙YouTube) S1 S2 S3 parents controller kidsYouTube operations W(k, S1) OK() R(k) OK(S1) k(kids➙YouTube)p(parents➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1 y2 p k dest ... p: ... k: ... y1: ... y2: ... database k: S1k: S1
  • 26. our work: map database structure onto SDN 6 network view = configuration = path attributes data item configuration update W(data item, value), OK() traffic traversal R(data item), OK(value) networking entity database structure k(kids➙YouTube) S1 S2 S3 parents controller kidsYouTube operations W(k, S1) OK() R(k) OK(S1) p(parents➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1 y2 p k dest ... p: ... k: ... y1: ... y2: ... database k: S1k: S1
  • 27. our work: map database structure onto SDN 7 network view = per-flow configurations (policies) data item control domain actual network view as switch flow tables network view maintained by controller database site register secure storage network view update traffic forwarding write read network view updates = updates for all affected flows in an app transaction two configuration update overlap configuration update overlaps in-flight traffic (ACID, CAP ...) write/write conflict read/write conflict our contribution: design a database model, a basis for porting DB techniques towards a more tractable and powerful SDN networking entity database structure
  • 28. our work: port DB techniques identify correctness criteria by adapting well-studied DB properties -ACID (atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability) - build solid and reliable SDN by using ACID as reference properties -CAP: only two of consistency, availability, and partition are achievable - understand the limitation, potential, and trade-off of SDN achieve correctness with well-tested DB mechanism -scheduling SDN write/read by linearization - improving performance (concurrency) while retaining the correctness (sequential behavior) 8
  • 29. ongoing work: prototyping scheduling 9 control program scheduler
  • 30. ongoing work: prototyping scheduling 9 control program scheduler scheduler application properties (ACID, CAP) SDN database model linearization algorithm readwrite control app dependency
  • 31. writing app program is easy OS distributed state abstraction: view PL configuration abstraction: function(view) no control over event ordering, timing of changes how to instill customizable, flexible correctness criteria? how to achieve continuous, reliable correctness guarantee? ? forwarding abstraction: any switch that speaks openflow recap: SDN as databases 10 features techniques, abstractions control- plane interfaces single user data-plane serves concurrent apps should (like DB) hide app program from data-plane concurrency, updates permit data-plane concurrency and optimization with correctness guarantee DB forwarding abstraction: view as database
  • 32. grand challenge and great potential 11
  • 33. grand challenge and great potential SDN database design space is unusual -data item = path attributes, implemented by distributed data-structure = switches -very large scale, communication gap between register & storage 11
  • 34. grand challenge and great potential SDN database design space is unusual -data item = path attributes, implemented by distributed data-structure = switches -very large scale, communication gap between register & storage future work -write control apps with DB query language, which offers - data-dependency hiding: hide apps from data-plane - query suggestion/completion: provide hints and automation -ensure data-plane correctness with general DB mechanism - synchronizing R/W,W/W by scheduling / locking 11
  • 36. dest ... p: S1 k: S1 y1: S3 y2: S3 map data to configuration 13 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube per flow policy, implemented by a distributed set of switches data item attributes, describe the collective effects of switch actions database p(parents➙Youtube) k(kids➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) switching rules that implement data item k (policy for k) k: fwdYouTube k: S2k: S1 flows: y1 y2 p k
  • 37. data-plane and distributed databases 14 dest p: S1 k: S1 y1: S3 y2: S3 DM S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube p(parents➙Youtube) k(kids➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1 y2 p k paths: s1s2s3
  • 38. data-plane and distributed databases 14 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube p(parents➙Youtube) k(kids➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids)
  • 39. data-plane and distributed databases 14 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube S5 S4 k1,2: S5 *: drop p(parents➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1,2 p k1,2 paths: s1s2s5s3 s1s2s4s3 k1(kids➙firewall) k2(kids➙Youtube)
  • 40. data-plane and distributed databases 14 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube S5 S4 k1,2: S5 *: drop p(parents➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1,2 p k1,2 paths: s1s2s5s3 s1s2s4s3 k1(kids➙firewall) k2(kids➙Youtube)
  • 41. data-plane and distributed databases 14 dest k1: S5 k2: drop y1: drop DM B B =S1S2S5S3 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube S5 S4 k1,2: S5 *: drop p(parents➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1,2 p k1,2 paths: s1s2s5s3 s1s2s4s3 k1(kids➙firewall) k2(kids➙Youtube)
  • 42. data-plane and distributed databases 14 dest k1: S5 k2: drop y1: drop DM B B =S1S2S5S3 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube S5 S4 k1,2: S5 *: S2 *: drop p: S4 y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1,2 p k1,2 paths: s1s2s5s3 s1s2s4s3 p(parents➙Youtube) k1(kids➙firewall) k2(kids➙Youtube)
  • 43. data-plane and distributed databases 14 dest k1: S5 k2: drop y1: drop DM B B =S1S2S5S3 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube S5 S4 k1,2: S5 *: S2 *: drop p: S4 y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1,2 p k1,2 paths: s1s2s5s3 s1s2s4s3 p(parents➙Youtube) k1(kids➙firewall) k2(kids➙Youtube)
  • 44. data-plane and distributed databases 14 dest p: S4 y1: S3 DM A A=S1...S2S4S3 dest k1: S5 k2: drop y1: drop DM B B =S1S2S5S3 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube S5 S4 k1,2: S5 *: S2 *: drop p: S4 y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1,2 p k1,2 paths: s1s2s5s3 s1s2s4s3 p(parents➙Youtube) k1(kids➙firewall) k2(kids➙Youtube)
  • 45. data-plane and distributed databases 14 dest p: S4 y1: S3 DM A A=S1...S2S4S3 DM B B =S1S2S5S3 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube S5 S4 k1,2: S5 *: S2 p: S4 dest k1: S5 k2: S1 y1: S3 k2: S1 y1,2: S3 y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1,2 p k1,2 paths: s1s2s5s3 s1s2s4s3 p(parents➙Youtube) k1(kids➙firewall) k2(kids➙Youtube)
  • 46. networking activities transactions operations controller sets up paths for kids and parents T1 WB(k1, S5), ok() WA(p, S4), ok() kids send firewall set-up request to S5 T2 RB(k1), ok(S5) firewall accepts kids’ request and controller sets up paths between kids and YouTube T3 WB(k2, S1), ok() WB(y, S3), ok() kids send request toYouTube T4 RB(k2), ok(S1) YouTube respond with video streaming T5 RB(y), ok(S3) data-plane and distributed databases 14 dest p: S4 y1: S3 DM A A=S1...S2S4S3 DM B B =S1S2S5S3 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube S5 S4 k1,2: S5 *: S2 p: S4 dest k1: S5 k2: S1 y1: S3 k2: S1 y1,2: S3 y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1,2 p k1,2 paths: s1s2s5s3 s1s2s4s3 p(parents➙Youtube) k1(kids➙firewall) k2(kids➙Youtube)
  • 47. networking activities transactions operations controller sets up paths for kids and parents T1 WB(k1, S5), ok() WA(p, S4), ok() kids send firewall set-up request to S5 T2 RB(k1), ok(S5) firewall accepts kids’ request and controller sets up paths between kids and YouTube T3 WB(k2, S1), ok() WB(y, S3), ok() kids send request toYouTube T4 RB(k2), ok(S1) YouTube respond with video streaming T5 RB(y), ok(S3) data-plane and distributed databases 14 dest p: S4 y1: S3 DM A A=S1...S2S4S3 DM B B =S1S2S5S3 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube S5 S4 k1,2: S5 *: S2 p: S4 dest k1: S5 k2: S1 y1: S3 k2: S1 y1,2: S3 y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1,2 p k1,2 paths: s1s2s5s3 s1s2s4s3 p(parents➙Youtube) k1(kids➙firewall) k2(kids➙Youtube)
  • 48. networking activities transactions operations controller sets up paths for kids and parents T1 WB(k1, S5), ok() WA(p, S4), ok() kids send firewall set-up request to S5 T2 RB(k1), ok(S5) firewall accepts kids’ request and controller sets up paths between kids and YouTube T3 WB(k2, S1), ok() WB(y, S3), ok() kids send request toYouTube T4 RB(k2), ok(S1) YouTube respond with video streaming T5 RB(y), ok(S3) data-plane and distributed databases 14 dest p: S4 y1: S3 DM A A=S1...S2S4S3 DM B B =S1S2S5S3 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube S5 S4 k1,2: S5 *: S2 p: S4 dest k1: S5 k2: S1 y1: S3 k2: S1 y1,2: S3 y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids) flows: y1,2 p k1,2 paths: s1s2s5s3 s1s2s4s3 p(parents➙Youtube) k1(kids➙firewall) k2(kids➙Youtube)
  • 49. 15 dest p: S4 y: S3 DM A A=S1...S2S4S3 DM B B =S1...S2S5S3 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube p flowy flow S5 S4 k1 flow (to S5) k2 flow (toYouTube) dest k1: S5 k2: S1 y: S3 ACID atomicity,consistency, isolation,durability
  • 50. durable transaction -a transaction commits after those it depends on commit - T3 depends on T1 - T1:WB(k1, S5), ok(),WA(p, S4), ok(),T3:WB(k2, S1), ok(),WB(y, S3), ok() -durability enables - recovery data-plane failures from controller’s view 15 dest p: S4 y: S3 DM A A=S1...S2S4S3 DM B B =S1...S2S5S3 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube p flowy flow S5 S4 k1 flow (to S5) k2 flow (toYouTube) dest k1: S5 k2: S1 y: S3 ACID atomicity,consistency, isolation,durability
  • 51. 16 dest p: S4 y: S3 DM A A=S1...S2S4S3 DM B B =S1...S2S5S3 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube S5 S4 dest k1: S5 k2: S1 y: S3 ACID atomicity,consistency, isolation,durability networking activities transactions operations controller sets up paths for kids and parents T1 WB(k1, S5), ok() WA(p, S4), ok() kids send firewall set-up request to S5 T2 RB(k1), ok(S5) firewall accepts kids’ request and controller sets up paths between kids and YouTube T3 WB(k2, S1), ok() WB(y, S3), ok() kids send request toYouTube T4 RB(k2), ok(S1) YouTube respond with video streaming T5 RB(y), ok(S3) flows: y1,2 p k1,2 paths: s1s2s5s3 s1s2s4s3 p(parents➙Youtube) k1(kids➙firewall) k2(kids➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids)
  • 52. 16 dest p: S4 y: S3 DM A A=S1...S2S4S3 DM B B =S1...S2S5S3 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube S5 S4 dest k1: S5 k2: S1 y: S3 ACID atomicity,consistency, isolation,durability flows: y1,2 p k1,2 paths: s1s2s5s3 s1s2s4s3 p(parents➙Youtube) k1(kids➙firewall) k2(kids➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids)
  • 53. atomic transaction -all operations are (effectively) all or none - T3:WB(k2, S1), ok(),WB(y, S3), ok() -atomicity ensures - YouTube could always respond whenever kids request a video 16 dest p: S4 y: S3 DM A A=S1...S2S4S3 DM B B =S1...S2S5S3 S1 S2 S3 parents C kidsYouTube S5 S4 dest k1: S5 k2: S1 y: S3 ACID atomicity,consistency, isolation,durability flows: y1,2 p k1,2 paths: s1s2s5s3 s1s2s4s3 p(parents➙Youtube) k1(kids➙firewall) k2(kids➙Youtube) y1 (Youtube➙parents) y2 (Youtube➙kids)