21. Cities are sharing data. But how?
1. publishing online
2. releasing in useable, machine-readable
formats
3. explaining what it is (metadata)
4. legal standards!
22. Why legal standards in the first place?
● Assumption: if government data is not clearly
marked as legally open it will be used less
● Need for legal clarity
● Or else! chilling effects
● Legal problems = huge timesuck
● Make it invisible
● Posting online not enough
● Put in public domain or attach open license
● Machine-readable license
● It’s not so difficult!
23. Various legal principles for open data
● No restrictions on use
● License free
● Public domain
● CC0
● CC BY is default
● Most open licensing
terms available
● Enable commercial reuse
● Open Definition is
baseline
25. What is enabled by clarifying legal standards?
● Efficient reuse; don’t have to ask permission
● Effective gov’t spending of public money
● Citizen participation, collaboration, transparency?
● Promote creativity, innovation, unexpected uses and
apps
● Spur economic activity
● Internal gov access!
26. How do cities adopt legal standards?
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Oakland - standard license (CC0, some N/A)
San Francisco - standard (CC0, some N/A)
Vancouver - custom license
Toronto - custom license
Boston - custom license
Paris - custom license
Helsinki - custom license
D.C. - terms of use
NYC - terms of use
London - terms of use
Chicago - terms of use
Hong Kong - terms of use
27.
28.
29. Legal principles for open data (2007)
Maximal openness includes clearly
labeling public information as a work of
the government and available without
restrictions on use as part of the public
domain.
30. Oakland Open Data Policy
RESOLVED: The City of Oakland shall
license any Open Data it publishes for
free re-use to ensure clarity of copyright
without legal responsibility or liability for
publishing such data...
31. So what should we do?
• Push for most progressive policies possible,
as fewer restrictions leads to increased
reuse
• CC0 to waive copyright worldwide
• Open Definition as baseline
o
means, reuse for any purpose (even commercial),
with at most requirement to attribute and sharealike
32. This work is dedicated to the public domain.
https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/.
Attribution is optional, but if desired, please attribute to Creative Commons. Some
content such as screenshots may appear here under exceptions and limitations to
copyright and trademark law--such as fair use--and may not be covered by CC0
Graphics
Credits
● Question Icon - by Rémy Médard, from The Noun Project - CC BY
