Shows a connection between Husserl's phenomenology and problem solving in optical design

1. Optical Design and Husserl’s Phenomenology David Shafer David Shafer Optical Design USA

5. An example - we easily see faces that are not there

6. It is very hard to resist this

8. But seeing face depends on orientation

10. Baby geese and danger Hawk Goose

13. Copying (forging) a signature Herman Darvick You will tend to write in your own style – hard to avoid Only copy shapes, not letters Upside down To be copied

14. Confusing – what is this? Good – have an open mind about what you are seeing

15. Rotated picture Here we use familiar sights to interpret and understand the picture, But the picture has not changed. Our perception has changed Bad – we see much more, like intended use of the water, than is really there. It is just water – the swimming use is what we bring to it.

16. This view is more reality-based

18. Dec 2007 / Slide Laser Fusion Questioning assumptions in a drawing

19. Highly aspheric lens Conic mirror Target pellet Early Laser Fusion Experiments Laser input Laser input

20. Dec 2007 / Slide Target pellet filled with tritium gas

21. Dec 2007 / Slide Target ignition at 100 million degrees

22. Conventional lens picture from textbook – light stops at focal point : film, detectors, etc.

23. Less common view = light keeps on going

25. Only one ray shown, with target removed Rays sees two reflections, then leaves system

26. Only one half is traced here Now is aspheric, not conic New design, with two reflections before hitting target

27. Slower speed lens, much less asphericity, better ghost images, less lens heating, lower cost Original design New, better design

29. Simple telescope example Hole in mirror image

31. Corrected for spherical aberration, coma, and astigmatism Final image First image

32. Path of a single ray Image

33. Corrected for spherical aberration, coma, and astigmatism (with two conic mirrors) Final image first image

35. Two spheres, four reflections 3.33X Corrected for spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism, and Petzval curvature, with just two spheres.

36. / Slide Stereo paintings viewer

37. “ natural ” way to think – right eye sees image on right, left eye sees image on left “ Unnatural” way to think Equally useful alternate arrangement – but must switch paintings positions

38. Dec 2007 / Slide Effect on viewer of reverse stereo

39. Try to identify assumptions about limited choices

40. New type of stereo viewer Arrangement when not in use and folded up Works both ways, but having crossed lines of sight gives more room for eyes and larger field of view. Crossed lines of sight Ray path does not give usual color or distortion of prisms

41. Door Hole Viewer

42. Eye pupil Outside of door Door viewer optics – strong negative power Extremely wide angle rays Inside of door

43. Eye outside door looking in Can’t see inside because of extreme vignetting – rays miss the eye Can only see a very narrow angle through the optics Optics pupil is inside the system, where eye can’t get at it

44. Used by police and firemen. Also spies and voyeurs But there is a sneaky way around this!

45. Actual system Door hole viewer eye Peephole Reverse Viewer Door width

46. Binocular or monocular optics Unfolded light path Prisms equivalent eye eye

48. Optics used backwards eye eye Relayed image of eye

49. eye Move these optics towards right and match up pupils That effectively then puts eye completely to right of the door viewer, and inside the room Relayed image of eye Door width

51. Maxwell’s Fish Eye (1854) a gradient index ball Every point on surface of ball is imaged perfectly to opposite point on ball Ray paths inside ball are arcs of circles n = 3.0 at center, 1.5 at outer rim

52. Hidden assumption in this drawing Rays stop at point #2 But in reality they would total internal reflect there and continue on Point #1 Point #2

53. Actual ray path Reflects here at surface of ball Starts here Returns here, reflects again, and goes around forever