The Civil Rights Movement - Beginnings
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Ultimate and proximate causes of the Civil Rights Movement
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The Civil Rights Movement - Beginnings
- 4. “I am an “invisible man. “No, I am not a spook like those who “ haunted Edgar Allan Poe; nor am I “ one of your Hollywood ectoplasms.
- 6. I am a man of substance, of flesh and bone, and liquids, and I might even be said to possess a mind. I am invisible, understand, simply because people refuse to see me…. When they approach me they see only my surroundings, themselves, or figments of their imagination — indeed, everything and anything except me.
- 8. Nor is my invisibility exactly a matter of biochemical accident to my epidermis. That invisibility to which I refer occurs because of a peculiar disposition of the eyes of those with whom I come into contact. A matter of construction of their inner eyes, those eyes with which they look through their physical eyes upon reality.
- 10. I am not complaining, nor am I protesting either. It is sometimes advantageous to be unseen, although it is most often rather wearing on the nerves. Then, too, you’re constantly being bumped against by those of poor vision. Or again, you often doubt if you really exist.
- 12. You wonder whether you aren’t simply a phantom in other people’s minds. Say, a figure in a nightmare which the sleeper tries with all his strength to destroy.
- 14. It’s when you feel like this that, out of resentment, you begin to bump people back.”
- 15. It’s when you feel like this that, out of resentment, you begin to bump people back.”
- 16. It’s when you feel like this that, out of resentment, you begin to bump people back.”
- 17. 2 Questions
- 18. Ultimate Causes?
- 20. CRM ≠ MLK
- 21. Gallup Poll (AIPO) [February, 1965] “How would you rate the job that... Martin Luther King... has done in the fight for Negro rights?” 94% Positive 3% Negative 3% Not sure
- 22. Gallup Poll (AIPO) [August, 1963] “What are your feelings about [the] proposed mass civil rights rally to be held in Washington D.C. on August 28, 1963?” 23% Favorable 60% Unfavorable 17% No opinion
- 23. <1>
- 27. Nazi ideology
- 30. 1948
- 32. Migration
- 33. > North, > cities
- 34. 89% (80% rural) S 1910
- 37. Why?
- 38. 50% 1960
- 39. Urban power base
- 40. Af-Am Church
- 41. Af-Am Church
- 42. Af-Am Colleges
- 48. 15,000 1930
- 49. 75,000 1950
- 51. National Association for the Advancement of Colored Peoples
- 54. Economic Growth
- 56. Supreme Court Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954)
- 58. 20%
- 60. “Today I have stood…from this Cradle of the Confederacy, this very Heart of the Great Anglo- Saxon Southland, that today we sound the drum for freedom as have our generations of forebears before us done, time and time again through history…
- 61. “Let us…send our answer to the tyranny that clanks its chains upon the South. In the name of the greatest people that have ever trod this earth, I draw the line in the dust …and I say . . . segregation today . . . segregation tomorrow . . . segregation forever.”
- 62. “They [white southerners] are not bad people. All they are concerned about is…that their sweet little girls are not required to sit in school alongside some big overgrown Negroes.”
- 63. </1>
- 64. <2>
- 66. “I know the one thing we did right Was the day we started to fight. Keep your eyes on the prize, Hold on, hold on.”
- 68. Rosa Parks
- 72. 381 days
- 75. “Freedom Rides”
- 77. Gallup Poll (AIPO) [May, 1961] “Do you approve or disapprove of what the ‘Freedom Riders’ are doing?” 22% Approve 61% Disapprove 18% No opinion
- 78. Gallup Poll (AIPO) [May, 1961] “Do you approve or disapprove of what the ‘Freedom Riders’ are doing?” 22% Approve 61% Disapprove 18% No opinion
- 80. Gallup Poll (AIPO) [May, 1961] “Do you think ‘sit-ins’ at lunch counters, ‘freedom buses’, and other demonstrations by Negroes will hurt or help the Negro’s chances of being integrated in the South?” 57% Hurt 28% Help 16% No opinion
- 81. Gallup Poll (AIPO) [May, 1961] “Do you think ‘sit-ins’ at lunch counters, ‘freedom buses’, and other demonstrations by Negroes will hurt or help the Negro’s chances of being integrated in the South?” 57% Hurt 28% Help 16% No opinion
- 82. </2>
- 83. <3>
- 93. </3>
- 97. “We had breakfast while we were waiting for the rain to stop, and I [was] sitting with the [Indianapolis] Clowns in a restaurant behind Griffith Stadium and hearing them break all the plates in the kitchen after we were finished eating. What a horrible sound.
- 98. Even as a kid, the irony of it hit me: here we were in the capital in the land of freedom and equality, and they had to destroy the plates that had touched the forks that had been in the mouths of black men. If dogs had eaten off those plates, they’d have washed them.”
- 99. “There was often a hate letter or two in the mail, and I was always concerned about Barbara and the kids being abused when they went to the ballpark…. Returning to the South took some of the boy from Mobile out of me, and replaced it with a man who was weary of the way things were.
- 100. I was tired of being invisible.
- 101. I was tired of being invisible.
- 102. “I was the equal of any ballplayer in the world, damn it, and if nobody was going to give me my due, it was time to grab for it.” – Henry Aaron