2. EMBEDDED
SYSTEM

3. Introduction
 An embedded system is a computer system designed
to do one or a few dedicated and/or specific functions
 “Embedded System", it constantly evolves with
advances in technology and dramatic decreases in the
cost of implementing various hardware and software
components.
 In recent years, the field has outgrown many of its
traditional descriptions.

4. Basic Principles
Almost all the Embedded System
applications share a common Embedded
System model which includes:
Hardware Layer
System Software Layer
Application Software Layer

5. Embedded System
Designing and
Architecture
In order to design an Embedded
System certain processes are as
followed:
Creation
Implementation
Testing
Maintenance

7. General Characteristics of
Embedded Systems
Perform a single task
Usually not general purpose
Increasingly high performance and real time
constrained
Power, cost and reliability are important
considerations
HW-SW systems
Software is used for more features and
flexibility(R.T.O.S)
Hardware (processors, ASICs, memory etc. are
used for performance and security

8. Types of Embedded
System
 General Computing
Video games, set-top boxes, wearable computers,
Automatic tellers
 Control Systems
Vehicle engines, chemical processes, nuclear
power, flight control
 Signal Processing
 Radar, Sonar, video compression
 Communication & Networking
Telephone system, Internet

9. Economical Aspect
Economical metrics are mostly used to
determine which COTS should be use or if the
systems will be brought into the market.
Unit Cost
Non-Recurring Engineering (NRE)
Flexibility
Time to Market

10. Applications
Automotive Electronics
Aircraft Electronics
Trains
Telecommunication

11. Application (contd)
Consumer electronics
Fabrication equipment
Smart buildings

12. Application (contd)
Medical Systems
Scientific Research
Military Applications
Industrial Applications
Security System

13. Brands that deals with
Embedded System

15. Importance of Embedded
Software
and Embedded Processors
“... the New York Times has estimated that the
average American comes into contact with about 60
micro-processors every day....” [Camposano, 1996]
Latest top-level BMWs contain over 100
microprocessors [Personal communication]

16. 16
 It is estimated that each year embedded software is
written five times as much as 'regular' software
 The vast majority of CPU-chips produced world-wide
today are used in the embedded market ... ; only a small
portion of CPU's is applied in PC's
 ... the number of software-constructors of Embedded
Systems will rise from 2 million in 1994 to 10 million in
2012;
... the number of constructors employed by software-
producers 'merely' rises from 0.6 million to 1.1 million.
[Department of Trade and Industry/ IDC Benelux BV: Embedded software
research in the Netherlands. Analysis and results, 1997
(according to: www.scintilla.utwente.nl/shintabi/engels/thema_text.html)]
Conclusion