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Memory Virtualization

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Tsuyoshi OZAWA
Tsuyoshi OZAWA
Technologie
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/VM Tsuyoshi Ozawa Twitter oza_x86 2009 11 9 1
2009 11 9 2
2009 11 9 3
2009 11 9 4
2009 11 9 5
KVM 2009 11 9 6
for x86 2009 11 9 7
Linux on Real Machine Linux on Virtual Machine (=OS) 2009 11 9 8
2009 11 9 9
x86 (Shadow Page Table) 2009 11 9 10
CPU 0x1000 0x11000 Virtual Physical Memory Memory 0x2000 0x12000 ... ... 2009 11 9 11
• • 2009 11 9 12
• • 2009 11 9 13
• OS • 0x1000 0x11000 • 0x2000 0x12000 ... ... 2009 11 9 14
• 0x1000 0x11000 • OS 0x2000 0x12000 ... ... 2009 11 9 15
• ? • swap in Physical swap out Memory 2009 11 9 16
1. CR3 2. MMU 3. TLB CPU CR3 x86 CPU MMU TLB 2009 11 9 17
CR3 • • Control Register 3 2009 11 9 18
• MMU • Memory Management Unit 2009 11 9 19
• Translation Look-aside Buffer TLB • • CPU SRAM 2009 11 9 20
Virtual Address 0xc0003120 3 20bit 12bit 4. CR3 2. MMU Physical Memory TLB 3. 1.TLB 2009 11 9 21
2009 11 9 22
VM 2009 11 9 23
2009 11 9 24
VM 2009 11 9 25
VM • OS 2009 11 9 26
VM Virtual Machine Monitor VMM Hardware 2009 11 9 27
VMM • 3 VMM • Robert P. Goldberg. ,Architectural Principles for Virtual Computer Systems. 2009 11 9 28
Type I VMM • • Xen,VMware ESX VMM Hardware 2009 11 9 29
Type II VMM • OS • Qemu Proc VMM LilyVM Bochs OS Hardware 2009 11 9 30
Hybrid VMM • Type I + Type II • • VMware Proc VMM Workstation Linux KVM OS VMM Hardware 2009 11 9 31
Hybrid VMM • VMM OS VMM Hardware 2009 11 9 32
VM 2009 11 9 33
2 • Shadow Page Table ( SPT ) • Nested Page Table (Extended Page Table) 2009 11 9 34
Shadow Page Table • OS Shadow OS • OS Shadow 2009 11 9 35
SPT Hybrid VMM OS VMM Hardware 2009 11 9 36
SPT OS VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 Host side VMM Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 37
SPT create page table OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 Host side VMM Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 38
SPT OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 Host side VMM ... Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 39
SPT OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 VMM Host side VMM Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 40
SPT OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 VMM Host side VMM PT Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 41
SPT OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 create SPT Host side VMM Shadow page table Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 42
SPT OS Guest page table Guest Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 VMM Shadow page table OS vCR3 Host Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 2009 11 9 43
SPT OS Guest page table Guest Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 Hook VMM Shadow VMM page table Host Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 2009 11 9 44
SPT OS Guest page table Guest SPT Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 CR3 VMM Shadow page table Host Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 2009 11 9 45
2009 11 9 46
SPT OS Guest page table Guest Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 VMM Shadow page table Host Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 2009 11 9 47
SPT OS Guest page table Guest Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 VMM Shadow page table Host Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 2009 11 9 48
SPT OS Guest page table Guest Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 VMM Shadow page table Host Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 2009 11 9 49
SPT • OS • VMM SPT 2009 11 9 50
SPT • Pre-Validation • Virtual TLB • Virtual TLB + Memory Trace 2009 11 9 51
Pre-validation • CR3 • PT • SPT 2009 11 9 52
Pre-validation create page table OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 Host side VMM Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 53
Pre-validation OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 OS Host side VMM PT Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 54
Pre-validation OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 CR3 Host side VMM Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 55
Pre-validation OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 VMM Host side VMM Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 56
Pre-validation OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 VMM Host side VMM PT Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 57
Pre-validation OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 create SPT Host side VMM Shadow page table Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 58
Pre-validation OS Guest page table Guest SPT Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 CR3 VMM Shadow page table Host Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 2009 11 9 59
SPT OS Guest page table Guest Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 VMM Shadow page table Host SPT Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 2009 11 9 60
Pre-validation • ( CR3 ) SPT • 2009 11 9 61
Virtual TLB • CR3 SPT 1 • TLB SPT • TLB VMM 2009 11 9 62
Virtual TLB create page table OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 Host side VMM Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 63
Virtual TLB OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 OS Host side VMM PT Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 64
Virtual TLB OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 CR3 Host side VMM Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 65
Virtual TLB OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 VMM Host side VMM Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 66
Virtual TLB OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 VMM Host side VMM PT Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 67
Virtual TLB OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 create SPT Host side VMM Shadow page table Hardware 1st stage TLB CR3 2009 11 9 68
Virtual TLB VMM OS Guest page table VM Guest side 1 vTLB vCR3 create SPT Host side VMM Shadow page table Hardware 1st stage TLB CR3 2009 11 9 69
Virtual TLB OS Guest page table Guest SPT Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 CR3 VMM Shadow page table Host 1st stage Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 2009 11 9 70
Virtual TLB OS Guest page table Guest Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 VMM Shadow page table Host 1st stage Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 2009 11 9 71
Virtual TLB OS Guest page table Guest Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 VMM Shadow page table Host 1st stage Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 2009 11 9 72
Virtual TLB OS Guest page table Guest Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 VMM Shadow page table Host 1st stage Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 2009 11 9 73
Virtual TLB OS Guest page table Guest Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 VMM VMM Shadow page table PT Host 1st stage Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 2009 11 9 74
Virtual TLB OS Guest page table 2 Guest Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 Shadow VMM page table Host 2nd stage Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 2009 11 9 75
Virtual TLB OS Guest page table Guest Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 Shadow VMM page table Host 2nd stage Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 ( ) CPU 2009 11 9 76
Virtual TLB OS OS Guest page table Guest Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 Shadow VMM page table Host 2nd stage Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 ( ) CPU 2009 11 9 77
Virtual TLB OS Guest page table Guest Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 Shadow VMM page table Host 2nd stage Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 ( ) CPU 2009 11 9 78
Virtual TLB • • • • SPT 2009 11 9 79
Virtual TLB • TLB • CR3 • invlpg • OS • PTE 2009 11 9 80
SPT • TLB SPT • OS PT SPT 2009 11 9 81
Memory Trace • OS PT • OS SPT (Trace) 2009 11 9 82
• x86 • CPU • Linux KVM 2009 11 9 83
kvm-88/kernel/x86/paging_tmpl.h 2009 11 9 84
Nested Page Table (Extended Page Table) • 0x1000 0x11000 0x21000 0x2000 0x12000 0x42000 ... ... 2009 11 9 85
NPT/EPT • AMD CPU CPU • Intel CPU CPU(i7 ) • VMM • SPT 2009 11 9 86
• VM • SPT • Pre-validation • Virtual TLB • NPT/EPT 2009 11 9 87

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Memory Virtualization

  • 1. /VM Tsuyoshi Ozawa Twitter oza_x86 2009 11 9 1
  • 2. 2009 11 9 2
  • 3. 2009 11 9 3
  • 4. 2009 11 9 4
  • 5. 2009 11 9 5
  • 6. KVM 2009 11 9 6
  • 7. for x86 2009 11 9 7
  • 8. Linux on Real Machine Linux on Virtual Machine (=OS) 2009 11 9 8
  • 9. 2009 11 9 9
  • 10. x86 (Shadow Page Table) 2009 11 9 10
  • 11. CPU 0x1000 0x11000 Virtual Physical Memory Memory 0x2000 0x12000 ... ... 2009 11 9 11
  • 12. • • 2009 11 9 12
  • 13. • • 2009 11 9 13
  • 14. • OS • 0x1000 0x11000 • 0x2000 0x12000 ... ... 2009 11 9 14
  • 15. • 0x1000 0x11000 • OS 0x2000 0x12000 ... ... 2009 11 9 15
  • 16. • ? • swap in Physical swap out Memory 2009 11 9 16
  • 17. 1. CR3 2. MMU 3. TLB CPU CR3 x86 CPU MMU TLB 2009 11 9 17
  • 18. CR3 • • Control Register 3 2009 11 9 18
  • 19. • MMU • Memory Management Unit 2009 11 9 19
  • 20. • Translation Look-aside Buffer TLB • • CPU SRAM 2009 11 9 20
  • 21. Virtual Address 0xc0003120 3 20bit 12bit 4. CR3 2. MMU Physical Memory TLB 3. 1.TLB 2009 11 9 21
  • 22. 2009 11 9 22
  • 23. VM 2009 11 9 23
  • 24. 2009 11 9 24
  • 25. VM 2009 11 9 25
  • 26. VM • OS 2009 11 9 26
  • 27. VM Virtual Machine Monitor VMM Hardware 2009 11 9 27
  • 28. VMM • 3 VMM • Robert P. Goldberg. ,Architectural Principles for Virtual Computer Systems. 2009 11 9 28
  • 29. Type I VMM • • Xen,VMware ESX VMM Hardware 2009 11 9 29
  • 30. Type II VMM • OS • Qemu Proc VMM LilyVM Bochs OS Hardware 2009 11 9 30
  • 31. Hybrid VMM • Type I + Type II • • VMware Proc VMM Workstation Linux KVM OS VMM Hardware 2009 11 9 31
  • 32. Hybrid VMM • VMM OS VMM Hardware 2009 11 9 32
  • 33. VM 2009 11 9 33
  • 34. 2 • Shadow Page Table ( SPT ) • Nested Page Table (Extended Page Table) 2009 11 9 34
  • 35. Shadow Page Table • OS Shadow OS • OS Shadow 2009 11 9 35
  • 36. SPT Hybrid VMM OS VMM Hardware 2009 11 9 36
  • 37. SPT OS VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 Host side VMM Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 37
  • 38. SPT create page table OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 Host side VMM Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 38
  • 39. SPT OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 Host side VMM ... Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 39
  • 40. SPT OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 VMM Host side VMM Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 40
  • 41. SPT OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 VMM Host side VMM PT Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 41
  • 42. SPT OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 create SPT Host side VMM Shadow page table Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 42
  • 43. SPT OS Guest page table Guest Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 VMM Shadow page table OS vCR3 Host Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 2009 11 9 43
  • 44. SPT OS Guest page table Guest Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 Hook VMM Shadow VMM page table Host Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 2009 11 9 44
  • 45. SPT OS Guest page table Guest SPT Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 CR3 VMM Shadow page table Host Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 2009 11 9 45
  • 46. 2009 11 9 46
  • 47. SPT OS Guest page table Guest Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 VMM Shadow page table Host Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 2009 11 9 47
  • 48. SPT OS Guest page table Guest Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 VMM Shadow page table Host Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 2009 11 9 48
  • 49. SPT OS Guest page table Guest Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 VMM Shadow page table Host Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 2009 11 9 49
  • 50. SPT • OS • VMM SPT 2009 11 9 50
  • 51. SPT • Pre-Validation • Virtual TLB • Virtual TLB + Memory Trace 2009 11 9 51
  • 52. Pre-validation • CR3 • PT • SPT 2009 11 9 52
  • 53. Pre-validation create page table OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 Host side VMM Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 53
  • 54. Pre-validation OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 OS Host side VMM PT Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 54
  • 55. Pre-validation OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 CR3 Host side VMM Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 55
  • 56. Pre-validation OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 VMM Host side VMM Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 56
  • 57. Pre-validation OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 VMM Host side VMM PT Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 57
  • 58. Pre-validation OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 create SPT Host side VMM Shadow page table Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 58
  • 59. Pre-validation OS Guest page table Guest SPT Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 CR3 VMM Shadow page table Host Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 2009 11 9 59
  • 60. SPT OS Guest page table Guest Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 VMM Shadow page table Host SPT Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 2009 11 9 60
  • 61. Pre-validation • ( CR3 ) SPT • 2009 11 9 61
  • 62. Virtual TLB • CR3 SPT 1 • TLB SPT • TLB VMM 2009 11 9 62
  • 63. Virtual TLB create page table OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 Host side VMM Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 63
  • 64. Virtual TLB OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 OS Host side VMM PT Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 64
  • 65. Virtual TLB OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 CR3 Host side VMM Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 65
  • 66. Virtual TLB OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 VMM Host side VMM Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 66
  • 67. Virtual TLB OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 VMM Host side VMM PT Hardware TLB CR3 2009 11 9 67
  • 68. Virtual TLB OS Guest page table VM Guest side vTLB vCR3 create SPT Host side VMM Shadow page table Hardware 1st stage TLB CR3 2009 11 9 68
  • 69. Virtual TLB VMM OS Guest page table VM Guest side 1 vTLB vCR3 create SPT Host side VMM Shadow page table Hardware 1st stage TLB CR3 2009 11 9 69
  • 70. Virtual TLB OS Guest page table Guest SPT Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 CR3 VMM Shadow page table Host 1st stage Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 2009 11 9 70
  • 71. Virtual TLB OS Guest page table Guest Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 VMM Shadow page table Host 1st stage Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 2009 11 9 71
  • 72. Virtual TLB OS Guest page table Guest Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 VMM Shadow page table Host 1st stage Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 2009 11 9 72
  • 73. Virtual TLB OS Guest page table Guest Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 VMM Shadow page table Host 1st stage Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 2009 11 9 73
  • 74. Virtual TLB OS Guest page table Guest Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 VMM VMM Shadow page table PT Host 1st stage Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 2009 11 9 74
  • 75. Virtual TLB OS Guest page table 2 Guest Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 Shadow VMM page table Host 2nd stage Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 2009 11 9 75
  • 76. Virtual TLB OS Guest page table Guest Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 Shadow VMM page table Host 2nd stage Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 ( ) CPU 2009 11 9 76
  • 77. Virtual TLB OS OS Guest page table Guest Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 Shadow VMM page table Host 2nd stage Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 ( ) CPU 2009 11 9 77
  • 78. Virtual TLB OS Guest page table Guest Physical VM Memory vTLB vCR3 Shadow VMM page table Host 2nd stage Physical Hardware Memory TLB CR3 ( ) CPU 2009 11 9 78
  • 79. Virtual TLB • • • • SPT 2009 11 9 79
  • 80. Virtual TLB • TLB • CR3 • invlpg • OS • PTE 2009 11 9 80
  • 81. SPT • TLB SPT • OS PT SPT 2009 11 9 81
  • 82. Memory Trace • OS PT • OS SPT (Trace) 2009 11 9 82
  • 83. • x86 • CPU • Linux KVM 2009 11 9 83
  • 85. Nested Page Table (Extended Page Table) • 0x1000 0x11000 0x21000 0x2000 0x12000 0x42000 ... ... 2009 11 9 85
  • 86. NPT/EPT • AMD CPU CPU • Intel CPU CPU(i7 ) • VMM • SPT 2009 11 9 86
  • 87. • VM • SPT • Pre-validation • Virtual TLB • NPT/EPT 2009 11 9 87