1. Grammar Book Second Semester

2. Table of Contents Conditional Conditional irregular Present perfect Present perfect irregulars Past perfect Subjunctive perfect Tanto vs. tan Impersonal se Saber vs. Conocer Formal commands Formal irregular commands Informal commands Informal irregular commands DOP and IOP placement Nosotros commands Mono verbs Subjunctive with irregulars Trigger words for impersonal expressions, emotional expressions, andconjunctions of time Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns

3. Conditional Used to describe uncertainty or polite requests Describe what you would, should, could, or probably do Infinitive + ending Example: Yocomeríaporquetengohambre.

4. Conditional Irregulars Change the verb to the root then add the same endings

5. Present Perfect Used to describe actions that happened recently or still hold true Also used to tell what you have or haven’t done Uses the verb Haber Example: Ha nadado en el lago.

6. Present Perfect Irregulars Used with Haber

7. Past Perfect Use both a main verb and an auxiliary verb Use haber plus a past participle Don’t separate the two verbs with pronouns

8. Subjunctive Perfect Uses the subjunctive form to express the perfect tense Conjugate haber in the subjunctive Then add the endings to the infinitives Example: Esimportantequehayasbebidoagua.

9. Tanto vs. Tan

11. Saber Vs. Conocer

12. Formal Commands

13. Formal Irregular Commands

14. Informal Commands

15. Informal Irregular Commands

16. DOP and IOP Placement For affirmative commands it can be attached to the end of the command Remember appropriate accent rules For negative commands it is after the “no” but before the command They are not attached to the command

17. Nosotros Commands

18. Mono Verbs

20. Subjunctive Irregulars

22. Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns Adjectives would match the noun Add an accent on the first “e” to change it to a pronoun.