Inventions Foot Prints in India What, When & Why is Bharat Stage Revolution Bs6 Basics EVs’ Types Key Parts of a Battery Electric Vehicle Charger modes AC and DC Charging Basics Jobs and Business Opportunities in India Driverless Technology in India Automobile Associations in India

1. Scope of Automobile
Engineering 2020 - 2050
Future is Ours
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Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501
Department of Automobile Engineering
Mr. R G Padmanabhan - HoD – I/c

2. Inventions
 In 1770 - Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot - French inventor - self-propelled vehicle - covered (7.8 km or 4.8
miles)
In the year 1886 - modern car - German inventor
Karl Benz
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

3. Auto Sector Foot Prints in India
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

4. Introduction to Automobile Sectors
 In 1897 - first car in Indian road.
 In 1942 - Hindustan Motors, Premier in 1944 and Fiat products respectively.
 In 1986 - Delhi Auto Expo. Now world second International Expo.
 In 2000 - Bharat Stage emission standards
 In 2019 - India is the 4th largest automobile market
 India - 'National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020' (NEMMP) in 2013 -
National energy security, vehicular pollution and growth of domestic
manufacturing capabilities.
 Government of India has plans to make a major shift to
electric vehicles by 2030
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

5. Bharat Stage Revolution
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

6. Bharat
Stages
EURO
stages
Year Solution
BS – Mass
Emission
Norms
1991 Came into effect for petrol vehicles in
1991 & Diesel vehicles in 1992
Revision
of mass
emission
norms
1996 Catalytic converter fittings is
mandatory in vehicles
BS - I EURO - I 2000 India adopts new norms with Inter. Std
with Euro Emission norms
BS - II EURO - II 2005 3 - Metros followed by application on
nationalwide basis
BS - III EURO - III 2010 11 – cities effects
BS - IV EURO - IV 2017 Sulphur content reduce to 100ppm in
petrol & 300ppm in Diesel
BS - V EURO - V - Skipped and continue to BS - VI
BS - VI EURO - VI 2020 Nox emission brought down by 68% in
diesel & 25% in petrol
Bharat Stage Revolution
BSIII, BS IV & BS VI Engines
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

7. BSVI Engines Work with Line Diagram
 The Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) unit converts nitrogen
oxide (NOx) into di-atomic nitrogen and water (both are harmless
products) with the help of a catalyst.
 The SCR unit uses AdBlue or diesel exhaust fluid to reduce NOx
emissions.
 This fluid ----- two parts – urea and de - ionized water.
 When exhaust gases ---------- AdBlue fluid, urea is converted to
ammonia and carbon dioxide and in turn, the ammonia converts
NOx into nitrogen and water vapour, thereby reducing pollutants.
 The AdBlue will be filled in a 10-litre capacity tank.
Selective Catalytic Converter (SCR), a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF),
AdBlue urea solution and Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system..
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

8. Electric Vehicle
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

9. History of EV & HEV
 EV - mid-19th century. (1832) (land speed record 1900)
 The high cost, low top speed, and short range of BEV, compared to later IC Engine vehicles.
 Led to a worldwide decline in their use. (After 1928)
 It has been used in the form of electric trains and other niche uses.
1832
First EV is Robert Anderson English
inventor in 1884.
1901
World's First Hybrid Electric Car Is Invented Ferdinand Porsche,
sports car, powered battery & a gas engine.
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

10. Micro-Mobility
A motorized scooter is a powered stand-up scooter using a small
utility IC engine or an electric motor. Classified as a form of mobility
scooters
Allow human propulsion, and have no gears. Range typically
varies from 5 to 50 km (3 to 31 mi), and max. speed is around
30 km/h.
Electric motorcycles and scooters are plug-
in electric vehicles with two or three wheels. The
electricity is stored on board in a rechargeable
battery, which drives one or more electric motors.
Electric scooters have a step-through frame.
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

12. BEV
 Tesla Model 3, S, X
 BMW i3
 Chevy Spark
 Nissan LEAF
 Hyundai Ioniq
 Kia Soul
 Volkswagen e-Golf
 Ford Focus Electric
BEVs - fully-electric vehicles ---------------- rechargeable
batteries and no gasoline engine.
BEV ------------- store electricity onboard with high-capacity
battery packs.
Their battery power is used to run the electric motor and all
onboard electronics
Electric Vehicle (EV) chargers are classified according to the
speed with which they recharge an EVs battery.
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

13. Difference Between ICE & BEV
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

14. Basics component of an Electric Vehicle
1.Lithium — ION Battery
• Charge is stored in the battery as DC
• DC charging will charge the battery directly.
2. Power Inverter
• Converts energy from DC to AC in order to power the electric motor and drive the car
• Coverts AC energy from regenerative braking and converts to DC in order to store in the battery.
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

15. 3. Electric Motor
• Motor is turned by the AC current to drive the car
4. Battery Charger/ Onboard charger
• It takes 230 V single phase mains supply and converts to DC in order to store in the
battery.
• The charger is there to limit the power to the battery to prevent overheating of the battery
and overheating of the supply system
5. Battery Management System (BMS) brains of the vehicle
• Manages the output, charging and discharging of the battery. (I.e. the fact that charging
slows down after 80% is determined by the BMS)
• Protects the battery from operating outside its safe operating area
• Every model of vehicle will have a unique BMS
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

16. Hybrid Electric Vehicle
(HEV) Types
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College,
Kumbakonam - 612 501

17. Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) -
Examples
 PHEVs use batteries ----------- electric motor, plugin ------------- electric grid to charge,
 It use a petroleum-based or alternative fuel to power the IC engine.
 PHEVs can recharge the battery through both regenerative braking.
 Chevy Volt
 Ford Fusion Energi
 Mercedes C350e, S550e, GLE550e
 Mini Cooper SE Countryman
 Audi A3 E-Tron
 BMW i8
 Fiat 500e
 Hyundai Sonata
 Kia Optima
 Toyota Prius
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

18. Plug-in & Fuel cell Hybrid EV
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

19. AC and DC Charging - Basics
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

20. EV Charging
modes - 1
 slow AC charging via a regular electrical
socket.
 This is no communication between the vehicle
& the charging point.
 An earth wire to the EV & have an external
means of protection against faults.
 In many countries, unsafe and is illegal.
modes - 2
 slow AC charging from a regular electricity socket.
 Charging cable is equipped with an In-Cable
Control and Protection Device (IC-CPD), that is
responsible for control, communication and
protection (including residual current protection).
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

21. EV Charging
modes - 3
 Both slow or semi-fast charging via a dedicated
electrical socket .
 A charging cable with an EV plug on both sides is used
to connect the EV to the charger.
 The charging station is responsible for the control,
communication and protection (including residual
current protection).
 public charging stations.
modes - 4
 Uses a dedicated electrical socket same as Mode
3.
 Mode 4 is specifically used for DC charging,
which is recommended for fast charging of an EV.
 AC/DC converter is located within the charging
station.
 The control, communication and protection
functions are built into the charging station.
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

22. Tesla - Driving Range for the Model S Family 22
Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College,
Kumbakonam - 612 501

23. Advantages of Electric Vehicle
There are many environmental benefits and personal benefits for having an electric car:
 Most electric motors can travel up to 150 – 400 km before they need to be charged
 No tail pipe exhaust --------- no greenhouse gases such as CO2, NOx and PM10s
 No oil consumption means less reliance on fuel
 Cars can be recharged whenever is convenient to the user
 More cost-effective than regular cars because of long-lasting battery use
 Cheaper to maintain because they have fewer moving parts
 Creates less noise pollution because the engine is silent
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

24. Jobs and Business Opportunities in India
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

25. Tier – I - Vehicle manufactures in India
Indian brands Joint-venture (JV)
brands
Foreign-owned
brands
AMW
Ashok Leyland
Eicher Motors
Force
Hindustan Motors
Mahindra & Mahindra -
Jawa
Premier
Tata Motors
Hero Motocorp
Bajaj Auto
TVS Motor Company
Atul Auto
KaMAZ Vectra
MAN Force
SML Isuzu
Tatra Vectra Motors Ltd
VE Commercial Vehicles
Limited – Volvo & Eicher
Maruti Suzuki
J. C. Bamford (JCB)
BharatBenz (Daimler)
Caterpillar Inc.
DAF
Hino
Isuzu
MAN
MercedesBenz
Piaggio
Scania
Volvo
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

26. Electric vehicle manufacturers in India
 Ather Energy – IIT students Bangalore startup
 Ajanta Group
 Bajaj Auto
 Hero Electric
 Hyundai
 Mahindra – Reva Electric Vehicles.
 MG Motor
 Tara International
 Tata Motors
 TVS Motor Company
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

27. Driverless Technology in India
“Driverless” cars, they combine sensors and software
to control, navigate, and drive the vehicle.
 Flux Auto
 FishEyeBox
 Hi Tech Robotic Systemz - partnership with
Daimler India Commercial Vehicles
 EC Mobility Pvt. Ltd.
 ATImotors
 Netradyne
 Swaayat Robots
 Auro Robotics
 OmniPresent Robotics
 SeDrica 1.0
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

28. The upcoming Electric Vehicle Market
with 30 Lacs jobs in India
 The Electric Vehicles - worldwide revenue
 India - EV space with a projected share of 30% of new vehicles sold by 2030.
 Government proposal - charging station every 3KM in major cities & every 50KM on major
National Highway.
 Jobs - The EV sector will greatly affect the automobile component manufacturing sector,
there are over 8,000 MSMEs
 50,000 in retails and distribution of aftermarket components which generates over 30 Lacs
jobs.
https://www.diyguru.org/course/electric-vehicle-business/
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering
College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

29. New Jobs & Business Opportunities In India’s
EV Charging Industry
1. Electric car servicing garage - Electric motor
repair, Inverter repair etc.
2. EV Charging Station - installed as per the standards
accepted in the area where it is installed
3. EV Charging Station Management
4. Electrical work shop for electrical vehicle
5. Home Charging Station Setup Service
6. Charging Station Setup Training Service
7. Spare Parts Manufacturing/selling
8. Electric car battery shop
9. Mobile Electric Cars Repair Services
10. Solar charging station installation centre
https://emobilityplus.com/2019/09/30/what-are-the-new-business-opportunities-in-indias-ev-charging-industry/
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

30. Automobile Associations in India
 Automotive Component Manufacturers of India (ACMA) - Its membership of over 800
manufacturers contributes more than eighty five per cent of the auto component industry’s
turnover in the organised sector. ACMA is an ISO 9001:2015 Certified Association.
 Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM) - Improve Indian automotive industry’s
competitiveness, sustainable mobility eco-system, Alternative Energy Vehicles, leadership in
innovative technology.
 Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) - Striving for SAFE, SUSTAINABLE & SMART Mobility
- expertise in the areas of Engineering Services, Certification & Standardization, Research &
Development, Technology Development and Knowledge Initiatives.
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

31. Electric Vehicles Association in India
 National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020 (NEMMP 2020) – Emobility - ARAI India
Department of Heavy Industries, Government of India - Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid & Electric
vehicles in India [FAME-India], to support the hybrid /electric vehicle market development and its manufacturing
ecosystem to achieve self-sustenance at the end of the stipulated period.
 Society of Manufacturers of Electric Vehicles (SMEV) - SMEV works closely with the central and state
governments to assist the formulation of policies and processes supporting the EV ecosystem.
 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) - framework for healthy, highly efficient, and cost-
saving green products. LEED certification is a globally recognized symbol of sustainability achievement and
leadership.
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

34. The Four Big Changes Coming to the
Auto Industry By 2050
 Diverse Mobility
 City policies discouraging private vehicles
 New, on-demand business models
 Autonomous Driving
 Regulatory challenges are overcome
 Development of safe and reliable technical solutions
 Consumer acceptance and willingness to pay
 Electrification
 Battery prices continue to decline & Consumer demand for electrified power trains
 Regulator-driven emission restrictions
 Connectivity
 Uptake of car connectivity globally & Consumers regularly using paid content
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

35. Is the auto industry ready for the world of 2050
 Global auto industry 2030: Transforming personal mobility
 In 2030, the private car will become a means of public transportation
 Automotive business model 2030: when the future becomes the new normal
 Now’s the time to consider what mobility will mean in 2030
 Powertrain 2050: efficient, convenient, electrified – and diversified
 E-mobility 2050: the future drives electric
 Hyper-connectivity and the automotive world of 2050
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

36. Thank you..
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501

37. Content
 Inventions
 Foot Prints in India
 What, When & Why is Bharat Stage Revolution
 Bs6 Basics
 EVs’ – Types
 Key Parts of a Battery Electric Vehicle
 Charger modes - AC and DC Charging – Basics
 Jobs and Business Opportunities in India
 Driverless Technology in India
 Automobile Associations in India
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Mr. R G Padmanabhan., Department of Automobile Engineering, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam - 612 501