1. NJ
J
2
3
4
5
Bar
3)
C.
JDROME ROTH(State No. 15948
jerome.roth@mto.com
jONATHANll. BLnVIN (Srate No.230269)
Brr
ionathan.bLdvin@m1o.com
Bar
l,AIJRAK. Lin (Stotc No.2815,12)
laura.lin(drlto.oom
LLP
TOt,T,ES OI.SON
&
MlJNCER.
560MissionStreet
Floor
Twcnty-Seventh
California
94105-2907
SanFrancisco,
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UNITEDS'I'A1'I'S
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DIS'I]I.IC'I' CAI-IFOItNIN
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(5)TRIiSPASS;
ANI)
(6) MISAPPIIOPIiIATION
l9
2A
21
22
23
24
25
26
21
28
COMPLAINT

2. Plainti1ll,inkedln Corporation("Linkedln" or "Plainti1l'), by and through its attorneys,
I
for
Docs I -10 (collcctivcly,the "Doe Dcfendants")
2 bringsthis ComplainragainslDcfendants
3 injunctive rcliefand danragcs.Linkcdln allegcsas follows:
4
1.
ith morcthan259 nillion
proiessional
net,olk
Linkedlnis lhc world'slargest
jn
Is
snd
the
5 nremhcrs over200 corrntrics tcfiibfics ruound globc. Linkedlns li.sston to connect
to
6 thc worlcl'sprofessionals rnakcthem more prodtlctiveand succcssful.l hroughits proprictary
historicsand
tnd
7 platlbrm. Litrkedlnallows ils nrcmbctsto ctcale,manage sh:trethcir professional
fcoruitcrs
allcl
l,inkedlnprovides
valuable
scrviccs corporate
lo
8 intcrcsts
online. in addition.
nrenrbcrs
pfoducl,
arrongLinkcclln's
with
'hichallowsthcmto idcntil.v
hcadhunters its Itecfuiler
who crcate
t 0 top candidatcs opcnposilions. thehcarlof Linkcdln'spliltlbnnarc ils nlcmbcrs,
lbr
At
lt
by
prolilcstha(scrvcils thcir prollssionllonlirrcidentitics arcaoccssiblc any othcrtrrcnlbcr.
and
t2
2.
various
irlllomatod
cnrployirlg
SinccMay 2013.unknown
pctsons
aud/ofontitics
of
(ollcrrrolercclto as"bots")havorcgistcrcd
thousands lirkcLinkcdln
l 3 soliwarcprrrg|ams
t 4 mcDrbor
accounlsand havccxlrtctcd and copieddilt fronr nlany Incnrbcrprolilc pagcs. I his
t 5 pr itcticc,knownnsdata'scrapin g . " is c x p lic it ly lx t rrc d b y l, in k c (lllr' s I J s c r, A ! , ,0 c n 1 e n l , w h i c h
or
ol
prohilljts
"lhroughscfapirrg,
spiclcring.
ofawling olhcr tcohnology
acocss Linl(cdln
to
r.rsccl acccss
wlittenconscnl Linkcdlnor its Mclnbcrc."
ol
t ' 7 sottwarc
kr
datawithouttheexprcss
l13
l.
Thc Doc l)clindrnts knowirgly and intclti(nally havcbrcachcdthis and othcr
to
ancl
in
tlscr AgrecmcDt !hichthcy agrced abidcby irr
l 9 acccss usclcslrictions Lirrkedln's
pfotcclion
barriors
crnploycd
tcchl]ical
2 0 regislering
theiraooounls andh[vc circunvcnted
variorrs
thc
2 1 by Linkccll[. lnsodoing,theyhavcviolatcd arrayoflldcral andskltclawi-.inclltding
an
Penal
Code
22 Cornputer
Fraud
andAbuseAcl, l8 U.S.C.{ 1030, scq.(the"Cl;AA"), Calilbrnia
et
"DMCA"),
2 3 $ 502et scq.,
and the l)igitalMillenniunr
Copyright
Act, l7 U.S.C.! 1201ct seq.(1hc
24 and havc engaged unluwftrlactsof hreachof contract,fiisappropriation,arrdtrespass.
in
25
4.
The l)oe Dcfendants'unla$'ful conductthreatens t-inkcdlr platform in scveral
the
26 ways. [t undcrmincs irtegrity and elfectivcness
the
ofLinkedln's protcssionalnelwork by
2 1 polluting it dth thousands iake mcinberprofiles- The world's prol'essionals
of
utilizc Linkedln
2u {'ilh
the cxpectation
that ils colltenlsarc accurate
and its uscrprofiles lcgitimale. Morcover,by
-t COMPI.AINT

3. I
piltbrirg data liom thc Linkedln sitc. the Doe l)efcrda[ts tlucatenlo degrade valueof
the
2 Linkcdln's ltccruitcr product,in which I-inkcdln hasinveslcdsubstantially
over the ]cars.
3 l,inke<ilnalso hassullbred additionalharrnsas a resuitofthc Doc Dcfendants'aclivitics,
4 inchlding,bul not limitcd to, incrcased
strair on and disruplion of ils network servcrs
and lhc
5 expcnditufeof limc and resourccs invcstigate respond1()this misconduclto
and
6
5.
LiDkcdln's
colc guiding
|irst. Becausc
Linkedln's
nrcrnbcrs
valueis Mcmbcrs
1 cnlfust
Linkedlnwith lhcir prolcssional
on
sitc.
histoicsand intcrcsts l,intricdltl's Linkedlr is
8 con1millcd carning kecping mcmbefs'
to
dnd
its
tr.trst evcf)'thing
in
Linkcdhrdocs.
including
its
9 prolcctirrg mcnbcrsiiom attcrnpts thirdpartics scmpclhejrdata.
b
by
li)
ll
6.
l,inkcdlnrcsponded
promptly
su'ililyto thc l)oe l)eiirldants'
actjvilies,
including
disabling llkc nrcnrbcr
thc
prolilcsand inrplcnlcnling
pn)lcclion
additioual
technical
barticrs.ln
l2 additionlo thcsenreasules, lo cnsurcthal li(urc incidcnlsdo not occur-l-inkcdln bringsthis
nnd
t3 itction idcntifythc Doc I)cl'cndants to obl:rinpcrnranon(
10
injunctivc
irnd
rclicl'halting
thcir
t4 unlawlll condtict.'l-hcl)oc l)clindarrt"il
thrcalcn
ongoing
ard
activitics. not cnioincd.
I5 irrcparablc
harmto Linkcclln.
good+ill.
including ils rcputalion sub)_tanlial
lo
and
oonsumcf
l,iniicdlnlirlher is entitled its aotual
10
statLrlory
danrngcs.
lnd/or cxcnrplary
clanngcs
as
danrtrges,
t7 a rosult thc I)oo I)cl-endaDls'
ol
miscondLlcl.
t8
19
.IUI{ISDIC'I'IONAND VIINUII
7.
This CourtIraslcdclalqucstionjurisdiotion tlrislction Lrudcr ti.S.U.
ovcr
2B
20 $$ l 33 land ll3llbecauscthisact io Da llc g e s v io la lio nlb o lc r|ls t a t u t c s , c lu d irg t h e C I . A A .
sd
in
2l
l8 tl .S.C.S 1030,ctseq.,andthe DMCA , U. S . C. g d 1 2 0 1 , c t s c q .T h c Clo u rt a s u pp l c m c n t a l
l7
l1
22 j urisdictionover lire stateiaw causcsof uctionpleadedhercin pursuantto 28 U.S.C. . l3 67.
23
11.
Vcnue is propcr in this District urdcr 28 U.S.C. g l39l, bccalNca substantiai
parl
24 ofthe evcntsor omissionsgiving rise to the claintsoccuncd in this l)istricl25
9.
In addition,Linkedln's tjscr Agreementgoverningall users'access and useof
lo
26 the l-inkcdln wcbsiteand Linlicdln's serviccsprovidcsthat courtslocatcdwilhin thc coo4tyof
2 7 SaulaCluua,Califbmia, sball h.rvejurisdiciion ovcr any disputcbetrveenLinkcdln and thc Doe
28 Dettndants.
-2,
COMP],AIN1'

4. I
10.
During all rclgvan!times, thc Doe Dclendants
havc repcatedly,
knowingly, and
2 intcDtionallyacc€ssed
Linkcdln's serverslooatcdin this.judicioldist ct witlrout Linkedln's
l
dnd havc qontracted suchaocess,
authorization,
lbr
bcconing lcgistcredLinkedln mcmbers
4 subiectto Lid(cdln's ljscr Agrecment. Whilc acccssing
Linkedln's scrvers,the l)oe J)cfendants
5 madc systcmaticnnd continuous
their $rongt'ul
oontacts
with this iudicial dislrict, and targeted
6 act:^ Linkcdln. which is hcadquartered this iudicial disllicl.
al
in
'l
I l.
-l'hisis an irrtcllectual
prope y action to bc assigned a districFlvidc basisunder
on
8 Civil LocalI{ulc3-2(c).
9
t0
TIII' PAII'I'IES
12.
place busincss Mounlain
Linkedluis a Dclawirccorporation
wjth its princlpal
ol
in
View. Calilbrnia.
12
13.
l hc Doc DcLcndants pcrsorls
cntitics
rcsponsiblc wholcof in pnl1flof
in
arc
and/or
thc
I 3 the wrongcloinB
AIIegccl
hc|cin. At lca"-t somcol-thcunlawlil actsallcgcdhcrcin. l)oc
I'or
l 4 I)clcndanls
rcSistcrcd
u)cnrbcr
accolints l,inkcdln,
k)
o|r
subjcct lhc l-inkcdlnIJscrAgrccnrcnt.
pu{icipalcd rdlilied,
in,
t 5 Linkcdlnis inlblnrccland
bclicvcs
thalcachol thc Doc I)clcnclants
cndoBed, wls othcn!iscinvolvcdin llte actsconrplaincd irn(llhul thcy havcliabililylbf such
or
ol
t 7 rcls. Lilrkcdlrr
intcncls scel(
to
cxpcditcd
to
and
clisoovefy lcarntho idcntityo11hcDoc DclcndaDts
I t i will arrcndthis(lomplairti1'and
or
thc
whcr thc idcntitics suchpcrsons cnliticsand/or scopc
ol
ol'
1 9 theifacti0ns
becomcs
known.
20
FACTS
2l
Thc Liukcdln ProfcssionalNetrvot.k
22
14.
prolcssional
Linkcdlnis theworld'slargesl
nctwork,
with over259 million
2 3 mcrnbers
woridwide and ovcr 84 rnillion mcmbcrsin the United Statcs. Linkedln's missionis to
connectthe wotld's prolessionals nrakethem morc productivcand succcssful.
to
25
15.
Throughits proprielaryplatform, Linkedln membersare able to creaic.manage
and
26 sharethcir protessiorlaL
ideotity online, build aDdengaSe
with thcir prolessionalneiwork, access
2'7 sharcdknowledgeand insights,and find business
oppo unitics,enablingthem to be morc
28
-3CoMPLAlr.'T

5. i
producti!e and succcssful. Linkedln's broadcrvision is 10creatccconomicopportunilyfor cvery
2 member
ofthc globalworkforce.
3
I6.
who crcaleindividual profilcs
At the hcarl ol Linkedln's plotibrm are its rnenlbers,
4 that servea"^
lheir pfolcssionalprofiles and are acccssible any olhcr membcr.as well as (unless
by
5 a ficnrber chooses
otherwisc)anyonewith an Intcnletconncction. Linkedln couDts
cxecutivcs
6
7
liom all 20ll lorlunc 500 compunics nrembers.
as
17.
l-inkedln's
oorcguiding,
Linl(cdlll's
rnenrbers
valucis Mcnbels l.irst. llecausc
8 c[lmst l-in](cdln
u,ithlhcir prolossional
on
historics intcrests [,inkedln's
and
sitc.Linkcdlnis
9 conmitlcdto camingand kceping nrembcrs'
its
Linkcdlnclocs,
incluriirrg
trustin evcrything
l 0 proteclingits lnenrbcfsfinll allcnrptsby lhird particsto scmpethcir dala.
1l
18.
lhc Linkcdlnreb$itc
isanoriginal
copyrightcd
work. .Anrcng significanl
thc
graphical
t 2 ofiginalclenrsnls the l-inkcdlnwcbsilcar0thedistinctivc
ol
pagclayout,
dcsign,
t 3 clenronls, organizalion
and
ol'mcnlbor
prolilcpagcs
and
andthc Linkcdlnltomcpagc nowsliccl.
t 4 l,irrkccllrr's copyriSht
IJ.S.
rcgislratioDs thc l-inkcdlnwcbsitcincluclc
Ibr
llcg. Nos.
l5
IX0007355749,
fX0007010652. 1X000745529l.
unLt
l9
Linl(cdlnhasinvcstcd nd plans cdltirLrc10invcslsubstiutial
tiorc.Iabor.
lo
skill,
t 7 and linanciol
fcsolrrccs tlre(lcvclopll]ent nraintcnnccol lhc l,inkcdlnsilc.
iulo
ilnd
t8
t9
l,inl<cdln'sUscr Agrccmcnl
20.
Linkcclln is lr,ailable al no cosl to anyonewho wtnts to_ioinond wlro agrccsto thc
2A tcflns o ,inkedli's User Agreentcntand l'ivacy Policy.r A p()spectivelncrllberfcgisteNlbf an
2 1 0ccoulrt providing a l'irsl name,last name,cmail addross, pirssword, agrccingk)
by
and
altd
22 I-ir <cdhr's
UscrAgrectnent Privacy
and
Policy.
23
21.
As dcscribedilrtlrer below, the Doe Dcfeldanls rcgistercdthousands f'ake
of
24 membcraccounts part ol thcir datascrapingactivitics. Iror cachof thoscaccounts, l)oe
as
the
25 Defendanis
agreedto bc boundby Linkedln's Uscr AgrccmeDt.
26
27 I
Ser http://wr.rrv.1ir'*edin.com/lcgal/user-agrecmenr.
28
COMPLAlNT

6. 1
22..
l,inkedln's lJserAgleemcnt cxplainsthat membcrsare grantcda limitcd and
with the teflns ofthe Uscr Agrecmcnl.
and
2 rcvocableliccnscto acccss usc Linkcdlrr in accordance
3
23.
Linkedln's User Agrccmentspccilically conditionsmcmbers'right to acccss
and
ofdalascraping
tcolDologies rclatcd
not
the
4 LinkcdlnoDthciragreeing to do so through LNc
nonexciusive,
nonassignablc.
stalcs,"wc granl you a limitcd. rcvocable5 conduct. Ihc agreemcnl
wcb
a
available
through gcncrillly
licensc
thc
6 n<.rnsublicenseablc andrightto acccss Scrviccs,
(rrl
nrobile
or
application rol lhroughstrdPin!:spideting
7 browser.
dcvice Linkcdlnauthorizcd
v'rilletl cot1sclll
tlLtl.twithoul lh! e.pr?ss
cn!rling or othcr technt ogt or sofiru'e usr.l lo accc:ts
9 ol Linkedln or it lvlcmbcbr.k) view itllbmrrtion and usc thc ScNicesthat wc provide on
(l-nlphasis
addcd.)
$ebpagcs in aocotdancc this Agrccn1cnt."
with
t { ) I-inkcclln
irrrd
ll
24.
"Do's and Don'ts'scction
rcitcratcs l
lh
ofils ljscr Agrccmcnl
I-irrkcdln's
scripts
robots.
dericcs.
softwarc,
...
or
may not "Lrndcrtrlkc lto I lu]sonlitlluitl aulonlillcd
t 2 mcnrbcrs
or
'scrapc,'
'crarvl'ot'spidcr''any wcb pagcs olhelscrviccs
to
t 3 olhcr Illcans proocsscs llcccss,
or
"will only nraint{in
onc
lhalnrcnrbcrs
Il|.lhcrstalcs
in
l 4 containcd thc sitc." l'hc [JscrAgrccnrcnl
l 5 I-inlicdlnaooount any gi!on tinrc.""lvill usclthcirl rcll nrmc andorlly prcvidcdcoufatc
at
lirrthcr
"will not !iolrtc any riBhlsol l,inkedln."As dcscribod
to
t 6 inlirrmation Linkcdln.",rnd
ol
is
l 7 bclow.thc Doc I)clcndants'conduct in Ilagtanlviolalion eachol lhcscprovisi()rls
Linkcdln's liccrui(cr Sorvice
l8
l9
25.
rc!ruitcls
thatallowscorpurilLu
Linkedlnptoduct
is
LinkcdlnRccruitcr a prcnriLrnr
to
20 and hcadhunlcrs locatcrnd fccruit top can(lidates.U[likc I-i icdln's Iicc. basicaccounlsfbr its
1br
acccss.
Linkedlnliccruiler
rcquires
users paya nlonthlyl'ec thcir premium
ft)
2T nrcmbers.
22
26.
growingscrvices More than
Recruitcr oneofl.inkedln'sf'astcst
is
Lirtkcdln
pay
2 1 I 6,000 clicnts and companics to use Linkcdln Recruiter. Linkedln Rccrtlitcrusersiuclude
ilr
resourccs
departrnonts soDleofthc most succcsslitlcompanics lhc counlry anlong
al
24 hLLnan
and recruitingfinns Ninety of$e Fortune
25 thousands
ofodrcr large,rncdiumand small busincss
use
26 100 companics Linkedln ll.ecruiteror anothcrofLintedln's premium talent solutions
2 7 ploducls.
28
5C:OMPLAINT

7. i
21.
Corporaterecruitcrsand headhunters
purchase
Linkcdln Rccruitermembcrships
in
2 ordcr to searchlbr prospcctivecandidates
amongLinkedln's hundrcdsof millions or nrcrroer
3 profiles. By using Linkedln Recruitcr'srobustandexclusivescarchtools, recruircrs searcn
can
4 thc cnlire Linkcdln netwolk for top candidatcs'
namcsand ptoiiles. Recruitcrsmay locatcand
5 contactmcmbcrs,including passivecandidatcs may not be looking tbr ajob, by aocqssing
who
6 Linkcdln's plolcssionalnctwofk tluoLlghLirkcciln Rccruitcr.
7
l,inkcdln's'l echnol,gical Safcguards:rnd Sccurirv-Mc:Nurcs
T0 I'rotectLiukodln Ag:ri st UnauthorizcdAcccss
8
9
28.
LiukedlnI'astidiously
worksto protect intcgrity
the
and sccurity
ofits networklnd
(hiDgs,i1employsan trmy ol lcchnologicalsaLguardsand barricN
l0 systcms. Among olher
tl
dcsigned prcvonl
10
dalascrapcrs oihcrwrongdocrs
and
liorrrgainiDg
unauthodzcd
aoocss
to
sitc.
t2 Linkoclln's
l3
29.
Onc suchsalcguard Linkedln's
is
progranr.
I:US|-)
lr[JSI-j
inrposcs limit on thc
a
an
to
t4 activilyLhill individunll,inkcdlnuscrnrry initialcon thc sitc. lhis limil is intcndcd prcvctll
data
utilizingautonMtcd
quic[1yaoccssingsubslantidl
tcchnologics
l'ront
n
t5 woulcl-bo sorilpcrs
volunlcol rnclrlbcr
prolilcs-.
t7
30.
Similarly,
Linkcdln'sScntinel
progr nr n)onitors blockssuspicious
and
activily
with
("IP") addrcsscs.2
InlcrnclProtocol
t8 associaled parlicLrlal
l9
20
3l .
LinkedlnaLso
ilnticipatcd datasorapcrs
that
mighl dttenlpt creatc multitudc
b
a
ol'
lakc rncmbcraccounls. Accordingly,asa seconday layer of protcction,l,inkedln implenrentcd
its
to
2 1 IJCV systerrto thwart this tnisconduct. fho UCV systemuscsa nunlbcr ofparaDrcters
22
detcnnine ncw account
iIa
signupis suspicious. suspicious
lfa
signupis iclentiticd, UCV
the
23
systcmimposesbarriersintcndcdto separatc
lcgitilnateprospcclivemcmbersllom aulomatcd
data
scrapingprograms
and bos. Specifically,rhe UCV sysrcminkoducesa CAp-l CHAr ticld thal
25
rcqulresprospcctlve
ntcnlbcrsto rc-typea word or tcxt thot appears obscured,
in
coioredtype.
26
' An Il'address thiscontext alumericallabelassigncd each
in
is
to
access
pointto thc Interne(.
27 t
CAPTCHAis an
for "Completely
Automated
PublicTuringtcstto tell Computers
and
"..onym
Humans
ADart."
28
COMPLAINT

8. I
'l'heseobscured
words or text irrelegiblc to a rcal pcrson ancilamiliar to thosepurchasing
2 concertdckcls, lbr instance, a conlmon stcp in an online rcgistralionprocess but difl'icult for
as
3 an aulomatcdprogramor bot to recognize.By using C,APl CHA.S, IJCV syste prevenlsdala
thc
4 scraperc
rcgisteringmany new and illegitimatcrnembcraccounts.
from automatically
5
32.
l-ir (edln alsocmploys technicalprolocolsdcsigncdlo prcvcnl unauthorizcd
6 autonlated and wcbcrawlcrs
bots
parts the[,inkedln
fton accessing
othcrw-isc
of
fublicly availablc
7 site. I(nownasr fobots.txl thissaftguind
lilc,
provides scl ol instltlclions any aulonatcd
a
to
8 lcchnologies
visitingthc l-inkcdln
robots.lxl docspeDnitsomc
sitc. Whilc LiDkcdlD's
lile
(c.g.9 u'ebcrawlers
search
engiucs
suchas Googleol lling) to vicw lhc cntircsitc.il prchibjts
and
t 0 is intenclcd prcvcnt
to
rlilornetcd
programs thoscLrsed datascrapers.
likc
by
ll
t2
Thc l)oc l)ofcndants'D:rtaScrapingAclivitics
33.
llcl$ccn May 2013ancl prcscnt, Doc I)clcndants
knowinglyand
thc
thc
I 3 intenlionally
protocol
cifcLlnlvcntcd
IrtJSIi,
Scntincl, UCV systcrlr. fobots.txt
tho
and/or
othcr
thc
t 4 l.inkcrllnsccurity surcsin ordcrto cueirgc thcirdatascrapints
nrc
in
lctivilics.
I5
34.
I)urirlgthistirrrc
pcriod.the l)oc I)oloDdanls
cfoalcd
thousands r)lolnbcr
ol
irccounls
l 6 (wi1hltrl(c
nanles contlcl inlbflriltion)k) ircocss sclilpe
and
drlil liom rnanyLirrkeclln
and
Inemb0l
t't prolilcs.
It3
35.
lD ordcflo cl-ciltc
cachand cvoryonc ol-thcsc
lakenrcrnber
accour)ts, Doc
thc
l 9 l)elcndrnts to ag|ccto ahiclc thc acocss usercstficlions Linkcdln s IJser
had
by
in
Agfccment,
and
20 thich. irlur rrlrr. prolribit -'scrapirg,spidering,crawliDgor olhcr lcchnologyor soliwarc usedto
2l
access
datawithoullhc cxpress
wl-illcn
andrccluire
consel)t LinkedlD ils Mcmbers."
ol
or
that
2 2 nTembcrs only mirintair
"r.viLl
one Lirkedln account any givcnlinrc" and"rvill uscltheirllcal
at
23 nameand only providc accumleinlbtmation to Linkcdln." 'l'he Doc Delindants knou'ingly
24 violated
eachol'thesc
access uselestrictions cltgaging
and
in
inthcir unlawl.Lcollduot.
25
36.
ln May andJune2013, the Doe Defendants
FUSE wlich limits thc
circumventcd
26 volume ofactivity fbr eachindividual account- by creatiDg
thousands
ofdiflerent ncrv membcr
21 accourtsthroughthc useofvaious automatcd
technologies.Regislcringso many uniquenew
2 8 accounts
allowcd the I)oc Dcfendants view iTundrcds
oflhousandsofnrcmber profiles pcr day.
to
-7-
(ioMPI-AlNt'

9. 1
37.
At the samctime, thc l)oc Del'cndallts
also circumvertedthe UCV systetn using
by
2 autornated
tcchnologics1olcgister thousands
without triggeting the
offikc memberaccor.lnts
3 UCV systcm's
imposilion C,P'lCIIAs. -l'hcDoc Def!nclants circr,rmvented bypassed
of
irlso
and
4
Linlcdln's robots.txtfile, which specilicallybansand is intcndedto prevcntthc useol
)
unaulhorizcd
aulomaleddatascrapingptogralnsand bols.
6
18.
In early Seplcmbcr2011,thc l)oc l)el'enda|1ts
agaii accesscd
l-inlicdln's wcbsire
7 nnd crrgaged dittascrapingthroughthe uscofautontatcddatascrapingplogrants. ln so doing.
in
8 the Doc Delindanls circumvcntcdLinl(cdln's Scnlinelprogranl.hich lirlits thc nunlberolsucccssivc
rcqucsls
madeby an Il' addrcss sctoJ ll) addresscs. hcy alsocircuntvcnted
or
l
thc
t0 frdlibitions sctli)[h i Linl(cdln's
robols.rxt
lilc.
ll
19.
[,illkcdlniniliallyidcnrilicd Doc DclrJr]dants
thc
nliscondUot
whcnit obscrvocllhrt
t2 thousdnds lirkcmcrnbcf
ol
accounts collootivcly
had
vicwcdntanylncmbcfprolllcsin a shorl
I]
pcriodol tinrc. l,inkcdlndctcrminccl thc uscrlccountswcrc llkc allcr closeinspcction
that
ol-
t4 dccounl
dolails
rcvc.rlcd
clciu paltcnls auk)nlatioD.
ol
l,inkcdlD
obscrvcd thc aul(nnalcd
lhat
bots
I 5 lhal werc un,ring
llrcsclakcaccouDts
woul(lusccachaccoull( viow n snlallnumbcr pll)lilcs.
to
ol
'
bypassing circunrvcntiug
thercby
antl
ljLlSli s pagcvicw tcslrictions. thenwoLrld
and
irovc on l()
1 7 thc ncxtrcgistercd
acoount vicw additional
lo
prolilest8
40.
Linkedlnconductcd cxtensive
ar
invcstigalion
ofthc I)oe I)clendants'
misconduct.
1 9 In lhc coufso ils invcsligatiolr, conlpilcd
of
i1
sprcadshccts
tracking IP addrcsscs by the
the
used
20 Doc l)elendants.
l,inkedlnalsoidelltificd cataloged I)oc I)eiindants'lakenrcmbcr
ard
tl]e
2l
proiiles, numbcr lcgitimatc
thc
of
profilcs
viowedby eachfakc mcmber,
andthc dales
andtimcsol'
22 the Doc Delendanls'activily on thc Linkedln ,cbsite. l,inkcdln disabledthc ti*e DrcmDef
2 3 prolilcs and implementcdadditionallechnological
sal'eguards protccl againstunauthorized
to
24 acccss lhc Linkedln site.
1()
25
41.
As a rcsult ofthis investigatio Linkedln dctct.mincd
that tlrc Doe Dcfirndants
26 accessed
Linkedln using a cioud computingplatlonn oltcred by Amazofi Web Sen,iccs
(,,AWS").
2 7 'fhis platform callcd ArnazonElasticComputcCllo[d or Amazon ]:C2 - allows userslikc the
2 8 Doe Delendants rcnt virtual computcrson which to rn their own computorprogmnlsand
to
COMPL IN'I'

10. I
applications.AmazonEC2 providesresizable
computingcapacity. fhis fcatureallor'susersk)
2 quickly scalecapacity,both up and down. Amazon EC2 uscrsmay temporarilyrun hundrcdsor
3 thousaldsofvirtual computingmachines.The Doc l)eftndontsuscdAmazon EC2 to create
4
5
virtual machines run automatcd
to
bots to scrapcdatal'romLinkcdln's *,ebsite.
42.
As a result Doe Delendants' ofAnrazon!C2, t,inkcdlncxpects be ableto
ol
usc
to
6 identifythc l)oc I)cfcndants serving
by
tltird-pa(ydiscovc|y AWS.a I-inkcdlnintends lilc
on
to
7 nlotions to cxpcditelhesedi$corery requcsts.
8
Doc Dclcndants
Havc Crused and'l'hrertcn Ongoingand lrrcptrable Injury to Linkcdln
43.
Ily cng.Lgiug thc datascraping
in
incidcnts
dcscribcd
abovc, l)oc l)eiendunts
thc
l0 hayccauscd, ifnol halledwill ooDtinuc cause,
and
to
ongoin!iand
irreparablc
harnt10Linkcdln,in
tl
r varielyol *ays.
l2
44.
l hc thoLrsandsllke nlcnrbcr
prolllcsoreirtocl thc Doe Delcnd ntsdisrupt
ol
by
and
t3 dcgradc
)-inkcd)n's andscNiccs rcducing accuracy inlcgrilyol thc inlbrmation
sitc
thc
and
by
lhc
t4 sitc corrlains. l-inkcdln's nrcnlbcNcxpcct thc sitc to conlainaccuratcand lcgitirnatcprolcssi(nul
t5 profllcs nol usoless
liotions
crolicdby ddtdscrtpcrs.
45.
lhc proscncc lirl(cnrcnrbcr
ol
prolilcsalsoirnpairs
lcgitirnatc
lncmbcrs'ability
10
t7 idcntilyvalid professidralcontncls. pa(i0ular,
ln
l,inkcdlncnables nrcDrbcrs vicw
bccause
i(s
Io
l 8 whichuscrs
havevie.ecl
thcir proliles,
whoscprolilcshavcbccn
legitintatc
Linkedlnuscrs
l 9 viewedby a Doc l)cfcnddnl
usinga fakcaccounl
may bc 0onlused mislcdwhentheysecthatan
or
20 unknown,
litkcmember vicwedtheirprolilcs. Indced,
has
l,inkcdlnobscrlcdsomeof its valid
2 l membersoltenpling to conncclwith theselikc nremberprofilcs after noticiug thatthc fakc
22 accounls vielved
hud
thcir profilcs.
23
46.
l his type of poliulion to thc Lil)l(cdln network,il not haltcd,threatens
ongoilg and
24 irrcparableharmto the iDlegrityofrhe Linkedln platfonn and Linkcdln's repulalion. Linkedln
25
2 6 a .See
http://portal.aws.amazon.corr/gplaws/htnl-formscontrollcr/contactuvAWSAhuse#subpocna.s
(detailingprocedures scrviogthird-party
for
discoveryon Amazon to obtain informationrelalingto "suspeclcd
lllastic
abuscof AmaT-on
Conpute Cloud (Amazon f,:C2)").
28
2'7
COMPLAINT

11. I
goodwill and trust,
also will suffcr ongoingand irreparablc
hann to the valuc ofils consumer
2 *.hich Linkedln hasworkcd hard for ycarsto carn irnd maintain,il the Doc l)cfcndants'conduct
l
4
continues.
47.
Irurther, pilliring mcmbcr
by
datolrom thc Linkedli site,thc l)oc Deienclanls
producL,
5 misconduct
thrcatcns degrade valuool l,inkcdln's
to
Lhe
Recruiter
whichLinkedlnhas
6 investcd
subst.rntially ovcrthc ycars.Or information bclicf,lhe Doc Dclcndants, havc
in
who
and
'1 irvested nonc ol-thcil ou,1ltimc and rcsourccs developingand builclingthe l,inkcdln platform.
into
8 havccngagcdin thcir scrapingactiviticsi|r an altempl to cstablislr
compctingrccruitingwcbsites
pKxluct.
9 andusurpLinkcdln'sl{ccruiter
10
ll
4ti.
'lhe DoeDelendants'
nrisconc|.rol hirsinposedsignitioanl
irlso
strrinb
un
LinkcdJn's
scrvcrs,
includinS
throLlSh uscol lutonlatcd
technoLogicsvicw mauymt:rrrbcr
1o
thc
1 2 p r o fi l cs.'lhcI)ocI)clcndarlts'ille g it in ra t c p ro lilo v ic ws jmp a irc d l, in l(c d ln ' s a l) i l i t y t o d c d i c a t c
t3 its seNcrst()suppor'limg activilics lcgitirnatc
thc
ol
Linkcdlnnrcnrbcrs.
l4
4.).
l.inkcdlnhi|ssul'lcrccl
and
signilicant
hr|nr to its compulcr
syslcnrs, h s cxpcndod
limc,
t5 hunun. lina cial.andtcchnological
rcsourccs,
including
hundrcds hours crnplo)cc
ol
ol
invcsligating rcsponding thc I)oc L)clcnchots'
ancl
!o
Lrnlawlirl
activilios, a cost10[.inkcdln
rt
ol'
1 7 Drorclhon lj;5,000.
t8
rlltsl
t9
Cl,AIM I,'Oll Rlll,llll'
Computcr !-raud and AbuscAct, ltl U.S.C.$1030el scq.
20
50.
Linliedln realleges
and ircorporatcsby ref'ercncc ol lhe prcccdingparagraphs.
all
2t
51.
Linkcdln-s
computcrs scrvcrs involvcdin iDlelslatc forcign
and
arc
and
conlrncrcc
22 andcommunicalion, areprotected
and
comlutefs
undcr18 U.S.C.$1030(e)(2).
23
52.
Ou inlbrmation and beliel, the Doe l)cfcndantsklowingly and intcntionall],
24 ilccesscd
Li|kgdln's computcrsand scrvelswithout aulhodzationor in exoess
ofthe aulhorization
25 permilledunderLinkedln's Uscr Agreenlentand in circumventionofvadous tcchnicalbarriers
26 includingFUSF, Scntinel,the IJCV systcm.thc robots.txtprotocol,aod additiorral
safeguards
27 Linkedln hasemployedlo proteclLinkedln's computersand scrvcrslrom unatrthodzed
acccss.
28
-10COMPLAINl

12. I
53.
On information belief,affcrgaining
and
unauthorircd
acc€ss Linkcdln's
to
2 computers scruers, DoeDcfcndarls
iuld
the
and
valuable
informatjon
from
obtained used
3 Linkcdln'sprotectcd
computcrs senersin tlansaclions
and
involvinginterstatc forcign
or
4 communications violation 18 U.S.C. 1030(a)(2). infornration
ir
of
This
includes,
among
othcr
S
profiles, thisuse,on inlbrmation beliet,
5 things, contcnts
the
olmany Lintcdln membcr
and
and
6 inuludcs.
lnrong
olhcr
lhings.
distributing t contcnr 6thcn,
rh
ro
7
5,1.
l-lrcDoeDcfindants
knowing)y,
willf'ully.andwith an intentto dcfraud,
acccsscd
8 Linkcdln's
computcrs scrvcrs
and
without
or
authorizationin cxcess
ofauthorization obtaincd
and
valuable
inlbrnratioD l.inkedln's
liom
and
lhat,
ancl
lhc
computcrs sclvers on inlbrrnation bcliel.
l 0 Doel)clcndauts to obluin
uscd
in
somcthing valuc violalion l8 tJ.S.C. 1030(.rxa).
ol
of
$
u
55.
Linkcdlihas
suffercd
oflhcscviolations,
including,
darnagc loss rcason
and
by
t2 withoutLinril{ti(nllufin to Linkcdln'scolnpulcr
systcms,
exl)clrses
assooiatcd bcinglbrccd
with
ano
iulq
l 3 to invcstigalc rcspond thcuflilrrthorizod andabusc ils computers sorvcrs,
and
to
acccss
ol
t4 othcrlosscs danl gc in anarnounl bc provcn trial,in cxccss
and
at
of$5.000aggrcgdtcd ir
ovcr
lo
pcfrod.
1 5 orc yoar
I6
56.
harm,
In acldition,
l,inkedln sullbrcd will continue sul'ler
dnd
to
irreparablc and
has
t7 ils rcmedy law is not itscll adcquntc compcnsatc for injuries
inllictcdby thc l)oc
ill
to
it
t8 Dclcndnts, AcootclingLy,
fciicl'.
Linkedln cntillcd injunclivc
is
to
l9
SIiCOND CI-AIM FOII RITLIEF
20
Crlifornir Comprohcnsivo
Computer
,tnd
rt
Access FraudAct,Cal.I'er!l Codc$502 scq.
2l
57.
peLragraphs.
Linkcclln
rcallcges iicorporatcs feiercnce ol theprooeding
all
and
by
22
5ll.
'Ihc DoeDctbndanls
oblaincd used
and
valuable
information
lionr
wrongfully
2 3 Linkcdln's asallcged
sitc,
abovc.
59.
TheDocDel'endants
knor,vingly,
fraudrrlcntly, withoulpermission
and
accessed
or
to
2 5 causcd beaccessed
Linkedln's
computcrs,
systcms,
and/orcomputer
nctwork
rn
computcr
vrolrtiun
ol(hl. Pcnrl
Codc 502(c)(7).
S
2'7
60.
The DoeDefendants
and
took,copied
knowingly,
fraudulcntly, withoutpcrmission
2 8 alrd)nade ofdata,andfiles liom Linkedhr's
use
conputers,
computer
systems,
and/or
computer
-t tCOMPLAIN-I

13. I
net$,orl(s,
including wrongfully
to
control
Code$ 502(cXl)
suchdata,in violationofCal. Pcnal
2 &(2).
3
61.
lhc Doe Delendants
knorvingly,liaudulcntly, and rvithoul pcmrissiotr
djsruptcdor
4 caLrsed disruption
the
ofl,inkedln'scomputcr
to
users
ol'Linkedln's
scrvices authorized
5 compulgrs.
colr]putersystcors,
and/orcomputcrnctworksin violation of Cal. PenalCode
6 S s02(c)(5).
'7
62.
As a dircct and proxinratcrcsultol'lllc Doc Delendants'unlawtirlconduct,thc Doe
h
U Delendanls vc causcddamageto Linkedln in an anrounllo bc pro.cnarllrial. Lil*edln is also
lo
l'enalCodc$502(c).
9 entitled fccovcrits rcasonablc
attomey's
lccspufsuant California
to
l0
63.
L,iukecLln
aclswcrervilllirlandrnalicious thal
in
bclicvcs
thatthe Doc l)cicndants'
intcul1oiulprovc Doc
tlrc
t 1 Delirldants' dcscfibed
Aots
above
wcrc donowith thc dclibemtc
1 2 I)clindanls'bLrsiDcssLinkcdln'scxpensc.
al
LinkcdJn thc|clbre
is
cnlitlccl purlilivo
k)
darnagcs.
t3
64.
ln atldition.
I-inkedln sulll.fcd
1('
harm,and
has
and4ill continuc sullir ilfcpnrxblc
inllictcdby lhc l)oc
t 4 ils rcnrcdy t lnw is nol ilsclladcquirtc conrpens il li)r injr|l.ics
tc
lo
LinkcdlD cntitlccl ir,!nctivc rclicl.
t 5 Dcl'cndants.
Accordingly,
is
lo
l6
l tIllU) cl,AIM IrOli Rlit,Ilil'
11
Violltiorts ol 'l'bc l)igi(nl MillcDniumCopyrigh(Act, l7 U,S.C.S l2{)l ct scq.
l8
65.
paragraphs.
l-inked)n
reallcges incorporatcs relcrencc ol thc prccocling
and
by
all
l9
66.
pro(ecliors including
valioushycrs o1{cchnological
FIJSE.
l,inkcdlrr
cmploys
20 Scntincl, tJCV systern,lhe
thc
robots.txt
protocol, additionalsafcguards prolect
and
- to
protcction
2 1 l-inkedln's computersand scrr'crsfiom unaulhorized
access.'fhcsc lcchnologioal
22 neasuresei1!otively control acccss drecopyrightedmatedalson Linkedln's servers,
to
including
2 3 the Lini<edIn
website.membcrprofile pages,
arrdthe Linkedh honcpageand newsieed,and
2.4 plotcct Li!)kcdln's exclusiverighls in thosccopyrightcdmarerials.
25
67.
DespiteLinftedln's besrcllbrts to protectthe Linkcdlr site liom the Doe
26 Dcfcndants'unaulhorized
access, Doc Defendanls
the
circunveuted [,inkcdln's tcchnological
2'7 safeguards ilcluding IUSE, SenliDel, UCV system,thc robots.lxl protocol,and additional
the
28
- 12'
COMPLAINT

14. I
safcguards and gajncdunauthorized
access i,inkedln's copyrightcdrlaterials, including
to
()1
2 wilhoutlimitation copyrighled
the
Linkcdlnwcbsite, violation l7 U.S.C.$ l20l(a).
iD
l
68.
As a resl l olthc Doc Dei'erldants'
is
r.ronglulacts, Linledln hassr.rffered.
4 conlinuing sul'fer, will continue sullcrdarnagcs be provcnal trial. Linkcdlnis lurther
to
and
to
to
5 cntitlcd io all plollls attribulableto llre Doe Dcfcndants'$ronglul acts b be provenat trial.
6 Alternatively,
uponils eleolion any tiolc bclofellnal iudgmcnt cnLercd.
is
l,inkcdlnis enlitlcd
to
ut
7 tccoverslatuluy damages om the Doe Dclcndarls
li
pursuor'rl I 7 lJ.S.C. is I 20J lbr each.rolol
10
lt
9
circunrvcnlion
commilted thc l)oc Dcfcndarnts.
by
69.
lhc I)oe Delendints circumvclrtions havccauscd
Linkcdlnilrcparable
hlrn.
also
l0
lJllless
reslraincd enjolncd. [)oc I)c]cndanls conlinuo colnmilsrich
and
thc
will
1o
acts.
tl
l,inkcdln's
renrcdics Ia$,arc adcqllatc conrpcnsale lor thcscinlliclcdandlhrc tcncd
al
u()l
it
k)
t 2 injulics, thusl,inkcdlnis 0ntitled injunctivc
and
prr)vidcd l7 tl.S.C. 1203.
by
to
rcLicfas
-s
tl
I.'OUItl'II CI,AIM I-OR ItI|I,IEF
t4
llrcach of Col|ar{ct
l5
70.
parirgraphs.
Linkcdlnrcallcgcs incoqrol'atcs |clc|cncc of thc p|cceding
and
by
all
16
7t .
scrvioos goverDcd al)d
arc
by
tjsc ofthe l-illl(cclln
wcbsitc
andusool l-inkoclln
t7 subjcctto thc [JscrAgrccnrcnt.
I8
12.
Ljnkcdlnmeurbcrs prcsctrtcd
arc
with thc t]scf Agfcemcnl
dndmuslalllrmativcly
l 9 accept lJscrAgrcenrcnl rcgistcr a l,inkcclln
thc
lo
accounl.
lbf
20
2l
22
1].
At all rclcva|tlinres.
Linkcdlnalsopr-orninently
displaycd link to the tiscr
a
Agreemenl Linkedln's
ou
hontepage.
71.
l he Doc Dcfcndants
?rnd
atlirnativelyacccltcd
acccsscd Linkedlnwcbsile
thc
and
2 3 agrccdto the UserAgrccmcntto, amongolhcr things,crcatctlre lake nrcmbcrprolilcs thal cnabled
24 the Doe Deilndantsto access
Linkedln userprofiles and scrape
ddtaf'rom Linkedln's .vcbsile.
25
75.
Ihe User Agrccmcnt is cnforceablc
and biuding on the Doc Dcfcndanls.
26
'76.
'l'he Doe Delendants
the
repeatedly
accesscd Linkcdln wcbsitewith knowledgeof
2'7 the Uscr Agrccmenrand all ol'its prohibitions. Dcspitetheir knowledgeol'thc UserAgrccmcnt
2 8 and its prohibitions.the l)oc l)clendantsauoesscd continue1()
acccss Linkcdln websiteto,
the
and
- l3COMPLAINl

15. l
to
crawl, or useother automated
tcchnologyor softuarc to gain access
amongothcr things, scrape,
maintaincd
2 the Linkedtn *cbsitc without the conscntof Linkedln. Moreovcr,thc Doe Defendants
3 morc thanone account(indeed,thousa[dsol'accounts)at any given timc. and did not provide lheir
4 real namcsor provide accuraleinformation1ol,inkedln.
5
11.
l,inkedln has beenunablelo contaclthc Doc De|nddnts to dcmandthat they cease
Linkedll1docsttot
desisttheir data scrapingand othcr l-inkcdln-relatcdaclivitiesbccause
6 .1nd
olthc Doc Dcttndants.
7 know theideDtilies
ti
78.
iurd
abovc,havewillfully, repeatedly,
l'hc l)oc Del'endants'
actions,us dcscribed
breached User Agreen'lcnt.
the
9 systenlatically
t0
'19.
rcquircd
ofit in
and
covcnanls, promiscs
Linkcdln haspcrformcd oolditions,
all
u,ith thc User Aglccmcnt.
t 1 accordancc
t2
80.
'l'hc I)oc Dcfcndants'conducthasdanragcdl,inkcdln, and causcd
and continucs10
incparablc
and incalculablc
harmandiniuryto l,inkcdln.
l 3 causc
l4
81.
and/or
othcr
danla8cs,
rclicl.cornpcnsalory
l-irkcdln is crllillcdlo irtiunctivc
t 5 cquitrblcrelicl.
I6
FIFTTI CI,AIM FOR RI'LIEF
t'7
'[ rcsptrss
l8
82.
pafagraphs.
all
Linkcdlnrcallcgcs inoolporatcs relercncc of thepreceding
and
by
l9
81.
'l'llc l)oc I)clcndants
acccsscclaud
intcntionally, wilhoutauthofization,
ancl
compuler
systcDls
and
l,inkcdln'swebsitc,
with
2 0 interacted l,inkcdln,ircludilrgwithoullinlitation,
2l
22
setvcts.
84.
thcrcin
The Doe Delendants'aooess l,inkedln and the inibrmationcontained
to
23 rcquiredthe Doe Delendantsto abidc by thc [JserAgrccmenl. By violating the termsofthc Uscr
and
effons to combattheir activitics,the Doe Defbndants
24 Agreement, I-inkcdln's express
wifh Linkedln, its websile,computcr
to
unla*firlly gainedaccess and intcrl'ered
aDdintermeddlcd
systcms,
and its servers.
2',7
28
- I4COMPLAINl'

16. I
85.
'l he Doe Defcndanls'unauthorizgd
interlerence
with and access l-inkcdln, its
to
2 wcbsite,computcrsystems, its seNcrs,anong othcr'halms,reducesl,inkcdln's capacityto
and
3 serviceits uscrsbccause occupiesand usesLinkedln's resources.
it
4
86.
'lhe Doe Defcndants'conductconstitutes
trespass
that ha$harmedand will
5 continuc hamrl,inkedln.As a result.
to
has
andwill continuc be damagcd.
to
l,inkccllD been
6
,]
87.
l,irtl<cdln sufl'erecl will continueto sui'ierirreparahlchamr,and its rencdy
has
and
at law is not itscll adequate conlpcnsate ibr injuriesinilicted by the l)oc l)ctcnclants.
to
it
Accordingly.
l,inkcdlnis eDlitlcd injurrctivc
to
rclict'.
9
sIXl'tt cl.AlM t'oR ttELIItF
t0
MisnDpropriation
tl
88.
palagraphs.
Linkcciln
rcallcgcs incoryoratcs rclcrcncc ol lhc prcccding
by
and
irll
t2
t39.
t.iDkodln investcd
has
1ime,
labof,skill,{ncl lir)oncial
rcsoufces thc
into
substantial
l 3 crcation nraintonilnce l,iDkcdln, cornplitcr
and
ol
systcms scncrs,including
aud
syslcm
aud
its
t 4 scn'cr capacily,rs wcll as thc contcnl on thc I-inkcdln websilc,lvhich is tinrc scnsilir.e.
t5
l6
90.
Wilhoutauthorizatior, l)oc l)clandants
wronglllly lcccsscd
Linkcdln's
thc
wcbsilc,
computcr
syslcnrs scf,cls. obtaiDcd
rnd
and
dirlalroul thc Linkcdlnsitcwithouthaving
t7 to rnokelhc substiLDLial
irlvcsl,ncnt tin1c,
in
skill,and linancial
rcsourccs
nradc LinkcdlD.
by
lirbof,
l8
gL
On inli)rnldtion belicl,thc l)oc l)cfindants
and
compcto
with l,inkcdlnandhavc
l 9 nradcor itrlendto nr.rke
data f'romthe Linkcdln sitc availablcto thcir riustonrcrs othcl third
and
20 partics.As such.thc l)oc f)cl_endants' ol-l,inkedln's
usc
computcr
systcnls servcrs,
and
including
2 1 syslemand scNcr oi]paoity, well asdirtaliom lhe Linl(edln si1c,constilulesliee riding on
as
22 Lirkeclln'ssubstanlial
investmcnl limc, cllbrt, andexpense.
of
23
92.
As a rcsultofthis misdppropriation, Doc Dcfendants
thc
wrongfully
compete,
and-/or
enableothcrslo compete,
,ith Linkcdln, and Linkcdln hasbeen lbrcedto cxpend
additionallimc and resourccs,
including but not limited to, investigating
and responding the
to
26 Doc Dclendants'activil.ies.
2'7
93.
LiDkcdlnhasbeenand rvill oonlinueto be danaged as thc rcsult ofthe Doc
2 8 Defendan{s'actso f misappropdation.
COMPLAINT

17. I
94.
to
injury,andits remedy
Linkcdlnhassuffered will continue sufcr ineparablc
and
2 at la$'is not itselfadequate comperNatefbr injuriesinflictedby theDoeDefendants.
to
it
PRAYERT'ORRELIEF
4
bc
WIIEREFORE,
Linkedlnpraysthatjudgment e eredin its favorandagainst
as
5 theDoc Dcf'cndanls, lbllowsr
6
1.
injunclion
enjoinilgand
A preliminarl,
injunction permancrlt
and
and
or
all
their
represcntatives,
agents, all persons cntities
7 rcstraining DoeDefendants, employecs,
pcrpetually
tiom
with thcmduringthependcncy
ofthis actionandtherealler
U actingin conccrt
pulpose
whatsoever,
9 accessing usingLinkedln'swcbsjtcfor any0onmercial
<I
l0
2.
data,
An ordcrrc<luiring DoeDcfcndants dcstroy documents, and
to
all
the
or
custody, control, wcrcwroDgfully
or
that
othcritems,
elcclronic olherwisc, thcir possession,
in
iiorr
websitc,
t 2 copied l.,inkedln's
t3
3.
inch.tdirrg, not limited
but
An award Linkedlnof rcstitution damagcs,
to
ard
damagcs, pcrrnitled law;
as
by
l4 to. compcnsatory,
statutory,
treble
damages, punitive
a|rd
15
4.
ofsuit,including, notlimiled
but
to,
An award Linkcdlr ils oosts
to
ol
reosonablc
AllorDey's
t'bcs, permitted law; 1d
os
by
t'7
5.
SucholherrcliefasthcCourtdeemsjust propcr.
and
t
I9
DIiMANDTOR.'URY TIIIAL
jn
lTereby
action
Linkcdln
dcmands
ajury trialolall issues theabovc-captioned lhatare
20 triablc ajury.
to
6,
22 DATED:January 2014
TOLLF]S OLSON
&
MLINGEI{,
23
24
z)
26
2't
Altomeys for Linkedln Coryortation
28
- l6COMPLAIN'I