Solid waste treatment methods

1. SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
PRESENTED BY
U. GUNA ESWAR KUMAR
P. SAI MEGHANA
CH. PADMA SRAVYA
VELAGAPUDI RAMAKRISHNA SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE , VIJAYAWADA.

2. INTRODUCTION
• SWM is one among the basic essential services provided by municipal
authorities in country to keep urban center's clean.
• However it is considered as the poorly rendered services due to the
techniques are outdated and inefficient.
• With rapid urbanization the situation is becoming critical
• The basic concept of SWM is converting the waste into useful material.

3. • The generation of solid waste is about of 1.3 billions per year and may expected to increase 2.2 billions
• Waste generation in Indian cities
Generation of solid waste:
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0.1 to 0.5 millions 0.5 to 1.0 millions 1.0 to 2.0 millions 2.0 to 5.0 millions 5.0 millions plus
Average per capita waste generation
gm/capita/day

4. Reasons for inadequate services:
Apathy of municipal authorities
Absence of community participation
Drawbacks in present SWM:
No storage water for system
No proper primary collection of waste
irregular sweeping
Water storage depots
Transportation , processing and disposal of
waste

5. SOMEOFTHETECHNIQUESOFSWM:
Composting
Vermi compostion
Anaerobic digestion and
biomethanation
Production of refuse derived
fuel
Recycle plastic waving
Projects such as zero waste,
waste to energy

6. It is a process in
which organic matter of the
solid waste is decomposed
and converted to humus and
stable mineral compounds.
Composting

7. In this method trenches 3 to
12 m long, 2 to 3 m wide and 1 to 2 m
deep are excavated. The trenches are
then filled up with dry solid waste in
layers of 15 cm. On top of each layer
5 cm thick sandwiching layer of night
soil animal dung is spread in semi
liquid form. On the top layer of night
soil animal dung is spread in semi
liquid form. The solid waste stabilizes
in 4 to 6 months and gets changed in
to a brown colored, odorless,
innocuous powdery form known as
humus
Composting by Trenching

8. Vermicompost is the product of
the composting process using
various species of worms,
usually red wigglers, white
worms, and other earthworms, to
create a heterogeneous mixture
of decomposing vegetable or
food waste, bedding materials

9. In this process, organic fraction of the wastes is
segregated and fed to a closed container (Biogas digester) where,
in the presence of methanogenic bacteria and under anaerobic
conditions, it undergoes bio-degradation producing methane-rich
biogas and effluent. Biogas mainly consists of methane (about 60-
75%), carbon dioxide (about 25-40%) besides small quantities of
NH3 and H2S and has a Calorific Value of about 5000 kcal /m3.
Anaerobic digestion and biomethanation

10. Production of refuse derived fuel
Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) is a fuel produced
from various types of wastes such as Municipal
Solid wastes (MSW), industrial wastes or
commercial wastes.
RDF consists largely of combustible
components of such wastes, as non recyclable
plastics. paper cardboard, labels, and other
corrugative materials.

11. Recycle plastic waving
Plastic recycling is the process of recovering scrap or
waste plastic and reprocessing the material into useful
products. Since plastic is non-biodegradable, recycling is
a part of global efforts to reduce plastic in the waste
stream, especially the approximately eight million metric
tonnes of waste plastic that enter the Earth's ocean every
year.This helps to reduce the high rates of plastic
pollution.

12. Alandfillsite(alsoknown
asatip,dump,rubbish
dump,garbagedumpor
dumpinggroundand
historicallyasamidden)is
asiteforthedisposalof
wastematerialsbyburial
andistheoldestformof
wastetreatment
Landfilling with Solid Wastes

13. Solid Waste Landfill Hallaton

14. FACTORS
GOVERNING
CHOICE OF
TECHNOLOGY:
• The origin and quality of the waste
• Presence of toxic and hazardous waste
• Availability of outlets for the energy produced
• Energy prices and backup tariff for energy
purchase
• Cost estimated
• Capabilities and experience of the technologies
provider

15. To improve the system the following seven directives are given:
1. Prohibit littering by ensuring storage of waste in 2 bins for biodegradable , recyclable material.
2. Primary collections of biodegradable and non biodegradables at particular timings.
3. Street sweeping on all the 365/366 days
4. Abolition of open waste depots
5. Transportation of waste in covered vehicles
6. Treatment of biodegradable waste using composting to energy technologies meeting the standards
laid
7. Minimize the waste going to the land fill and dispose of only refuses from treatment plants.
Municipal solid waste rules 2000:

17. Solid Waste
Management at
Community Level

18. Solid Waste Management at Community Level

19. Waste recovery – Dharavi Slum – Recycling Hub
One of World’s largest slums
Recycling Micro-entrepreneurship
Estimated 15,000 single-room factories
Estimated Overall Output: A mind-
boggling £700M
Around 80% of plastic waste (among
other things) recycled, employing 10,000
people
(Source: The Observer, 2007)

20. Thank you