1. The ports as logistics platforms
insights from international
experiences

2. Trends in Maritime Transportation
• Volatility in the global economy reduces margins
– Larger vessels (>8000 TEU)
– Slower sailing
• Intermodality exerts pressure on ports
– Logistics managers becoming „mode agnostic“
– Face modal substitutability (rail? air-cargo?)
• Concerns about negative impact on the environment
– Greenhouse Gas Emissions (EU directives)

3. Trends in Maritime Transportation
400.000
350.000
300.000
250.000
200.000
150.000
100.000
50.000
Adriatic
North Sea
Atlantic
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011

4. Sailing Days: Hamburg - Shanghai
Departure
Arrival
11.09.2013
11.09.2013
12.09.2013
12.09.2013
12.09.2013
12.09.2013
12.09.2013
12.09.2013
12.09.2013
13.09.2013
13.09.2013
13.09.2013
13.09.2013
14.09.2013
14.09.2013
14.09.2013
14.09.2013
14.09.2013
14.09.2013
14.09.2013
20.10.2013
02.11.2013
15.10.2013
15.10.2013
19.10.2013
23.10.2013
25.10.2013
31.10.2013
06.11.2013
19.10.2013
23.10.2013
23.10.2013
23.10.2013
19.10.2013
19.10.2013
19.10.2013
19.10.2013
31.10.2013
31.10.2013
31.10.2013
2013
2010
0
Carrier
Hapag-Lloyd
Evergreen
CMA CGM Group
Delmas
Evergreen
(sailing days)
Yang Ming Marine Transport Corp.
United Arab Shipping Company
Chipolbrok
Rickmers Linie
Hanjin Shipping
Hapag-Lloyd
Evergreen
Hanjin Shipping
K-Line
Hanjin Shipping
Yang Ming Marine Transport Corp.
K-Line
COSCO Container Lines Co., Ltd.
United Arab Shipping Company
Yang Ming Marine Transport Corp.
Average Duration
40
21
20
40
60
Sailing Days
39
52
33
33
37
41
43
49
55
36
40
40
40
35
35
35
35
47
47
47

5. Trends in Maritime Transportation
• Volatility in the global economy reduces margins
– Larger vessels (>8000 TEU)
– Slower sailing
• Intermodality exerts pressure on ports
– Logistics managers becoming „mode agnostic“
– Face modal substitutability (rail? air-cargo?)
• Concerns about negative impact on the environment
– MARPOL Annex VI – lower sulphur standards as from 2015

6. Substitution of Modes
• DB Schenker
– freight train ride from Zhengzou
to Hamburg
– 15 days for 10,000km
• DHL
– Combining maritime with aircargo
– 50% faster than maritime
shipping; 50% cheaper than aircargo

7. Responses of maritime ports
• Strategic Planning & Management
–
–
–
Market & catchment area focus
Focus on cargo & commodity types
Focus on providing better service to the industry
• From maritime port to multimodal hub
–
–
–
Inland waterways (Antwerp, Rotterdam, Venice, …)
Railroad connections (Hamburg, Barcelona, …)
Extended Gateway Concepts
• Port Community Coordination
–
–
–
Interoperable Port Community Systems
Providing additional services (Performance Indicators)
Enhancing supply chain efficiency: NLIP

8. Strategic Planning & Management
• Focus on cargo & commodity types
– Bremerhaven (Automotive exports/imports)
– Atlantic range (Le Havre, Dunkirk, …) (Wind turbines)
– Amsterdam (bulk cargo) vs. Rotterdam (containers)
• Regional markets & catchment area focus
• Focus on providing better service to the industry
– Efforts to reduce turn-around time
– Efforts to manage the business using performance indicators

9. Austria, a contested catchment area
18.000.000
40,0%
16.000.000
35,0%
14.000.000
30,0%
12.000.000
25,0%
10.000.000
20,0%
8.000.000
15,0%
6.000.000
10,0%
4.000.000
5,0%
2.000.000
0,0%
2004
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
Export
2008
Import
2009
2010
2011
2012
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Rotterdam
Antwerp
Koper
Rijeka
Hamburg
Bremen
2011
2012

10. Reasons for selecting more expensive ports
Customer Focus of Port
Port Equipment
Hinterland Connection
Risk of Delays in Other Ports
Port Location
Port Efficiency
Frequency & quality of services
0
10
20
30
Freight Forwarders
40
50
Shippers
60
70
80
90
100

11. A renewed focus on efficiency & service levels
• DG MOVE initiative to develop port performance indicators
– Beyond monthly reports on cargo throughput
– ESPO Port Performance Dashboard
• Mixed reception of performance benchmarks of terminals
– Recent debate on the usefulness of productivity rankings comparing
ports around the world
• Efforts to reduce turn-around time and to improve
productivity
– Increasing the number of moves / hour
– Impact on the performance of the door-to-door supply chain

12. Responses of maritime ports
• Strategic Planning & Management
–
–
–
Market & catchment area focus
Focus on cargo & commodity types
Focus on providing better service to the industry
• From maritime port to multimodal hub
–
–
–
Inland waterways
Railroad connections
Extended Gateway Concepts
• Port Community Coordination
–
–
–
Interoperable Port Community Systems
Providing additional services (Performance Indicators)
Enhancing supply chain efficiency: NLIP

13. Hinterland Railroad Connections
• Response to road congestion & calls for a sustainable
transport system
• Increasingly a market for independent carriers
– Baltic Rail, IMS, TX-Logistik, boxXpress, ….
• Regular and reliable train services to economic centers
contribute to the attractivity of ports

14. Selection Criteria: Hinterland Connectivity
• Hamburg
– 74 pairwise & quai specific
block trains
• Rotterdam
– Shuttle train connecting
Rotterdam - Wels – Bratislava
– Rhein-Main-Danube inland
waterway connection
• Antwerp
– Cooperation with Duisburg
– Shuttle Connecting ViennaDuisburg-Antwerp (plan)
– Rhein-Main-Danube inland
waterway connection
• Koper
– Daily connection Koper – Graz
– 2 trains per week KoperVienna-Poland

15. Extended Gateway Concepts
„port entry“ shifted to an inland location
• Separate area, zone offering logistics services
– Stuffing, stripping, warehousing
• Response to congestion in ports
– Expected increase in the wake of increased containerization
• Increase productivity & efficiency in ports

16. Responses of maritime ports
• Strategic Planning & Management
–
–
–
Market & catchment area focus
Focus on cargo & commodity types
Focus on providing better service to the industry
• Hinterland access – from maritime port to multimodal hub
–
–
–
Inland waterways (Antwerp, Rotterdam, Venice, …)
Railroad connections (Hamburg, Barcelona, …)
Extended Gateway Concepts
• Port Community coordination
–
–
–
Interoperable Port Community Systems
Providing additional services (Performance Indicators)
Enhancing supply chain efficiency: NLIP

17. Port Community Systems
Interoperability
• Coordination of a community via standards based
communication
– Optimizes, manages and automates logistics processes
– Not only pertaining to maritime shipments but with a multimodal scope
• Single Windows … at national and European level
– Increases operational efficiency of a trade
• Carrier strategies and port cooperation require
interoperability of PCS

18. Providing additional services
(Performance Indicators, Analytical Support)

19. Neutral Logistics Information Platform
• Funding program to support
the development of ITS for
synchro-modality
• All communication between
companies & public
authorities via NLIP by 2020
•
DHL
(LSPs), ECT, EVO, Havenbedrijf
Rotterdam (HbR), KLM (air
freight), Schiphol, VRC, TLN, Car
gonaut, Portbase, Port of
Amsterdam, Handling
agents, Horticulture, Logius, Mi
nistries

20. Summary: Quo Vadis European Port System?
• Ports are transforming into comprehensive logistics platforms
– Considering supply chain requirements
– Developing services and providing coordination
• Ports are living up to the challenges of the markets and are
become more competitive
• EU will have to find a balance between oversight and equal
access opportunities
– Blue Belt Legislation
– Framework on market access to port services …