study of Aquatic ecosystem

1. Roll No
11CO30 & 11CO41

2. An aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem in a body of
water. Communities of organisms that are dependent
on each other and on their environment live in
aquatic ecosystems..

4. Freshwater ecosystems are a subset of
Earth's aquatic ecosystems. They
include lakes and ponds, rivers, streams and s
prings, and wetlands. They can be contrasted
with marine ecosystems, which have a
larger salt content.

5. These are a specific type of freshwater ecosystems that are
largely based on the autotroph algae which provide the
base trophic level for all life in the area. The largest
predator in a pond ecosystem will normally be a fish and
in-between range smaller insects and microorganisms. It
may have a scale of organisms from small bacteria to big
creatures like water snakes, beetles, water bugs, frogs,
tadpoles, and turtles. This is important for the
environment.

6. Marine ecosystems cover approximately 71%
of the Earth's surface and contain
approximately 97% of the planet's water. They
generate 32% of the world's net primary
production. They are distinguished from
freshwater ecosystems by the presence of
dissolved compounds, especially salts, in the
water. Approximately 85% of the dissolved
materials in seawater are sodium and chlorine.
Seawater has an average salinity of 35 parts
per thousand (ppt) of water. Actual salinity
varies among different marine ecosystems.

7. Aquatic ecosystems perform many important environmental
functions. For example, they recycle nutrients, purify water,
attenuate floods, recharge ground water and provide habitats for
wildlife.Aquatic ecosystems are also used for human recreation,
and are very important to the tourism industry, especially in coastal
regions.
The health of an aquatic ecosystem is degraded when the
ecosystem's ability to absorb a stress has been exceeded. A
stress on an aquatic ecosystem can be a result of physical,
chemical or biological alterations of the environment. Physical
alterations include changes in water temperature, water flow and
light availability. Chemical alterations include changes in the
loading rates of biostimulatory nutrients, oxygen consuming
materials, and toxins. Biological alterations include the introduction
of exotic species. Human populations can impose excessive
stresses on aquatic ecosystems.

8. Abiotic factors: in pond abiotic factors include minerals
,water ,air,soil,light,heat,organic as well as inorganic
materials .
Biotic factors : Green plants as well as other organisms are the
biotic factors of the pond . These biotic factors can
be classified into there groups producer , consumer and
decomposes. Aquatic plants like algae, volvox, closterium,
hydrilla. etc . are the producer of the pond small fish, tadepole
larve ,earth worms and other small animals which depend on
plants for their food are primary consumers. Similarly animals
like snakes,heron which feed on secondary consumers are
tertiary consumers. After the death of consumers
and producers decomposes like bacteria ,fungi as well as other
micro organism decompose the dead bodiesmix them into soil
.These decomposed materials again become the source of
nutrients for the producer. In this away ,this process goes on
and pond ecosystem maintained .