Projection of lines first unit of Graphics

1. Marathwada Mitra Mandal's
College of Engineering,Karvenagar Pune
FIRST YEAR OF ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING GRAPHICS-I
AN INTRODUCTION
By
Prof. Mahesh Kawade
Mechanical Engineering Department

2. Yummy!!!
A picture is worth a thousand words

3. Graphic Language & Effectiveness
Try writing the description of these pictures……………

4. Graphic Language & Effectiveness
………………..………Or these pictures

5. ………………..………Or these pictures
And let someone attempt to make a sketch or visualize from your description.

6. The word language is
inadequate
for describing the
size, shape and features
completely as well as concisely.
It can be found that …
Graphic Language & Effectiveness

7. First drawing of the Eiffel Tower by
Maurice

9. Bottom-line
• Designers (may be a single person or a team of
few) proposes Design and specification of a
product
• Design has to be communicated to those
building it (Manufacturers)
• Effective Communication possible through
SKETCHES and DAIGRAMS

12. Engineering Drawing/Graphics
In Design Process
Problem identification
& exploration of ideas
Visualize
Sketches
Geometric model
Detail drawings
&
3D model
Draw , design and
record initial ideas
Created from sketches
used or analysis
Refine, optimize
& record the precise
data for production
process or
implementation
Visualization
is the ability to mentally
picture things that do not
exist
Communication
the design solution
should be communicated
to others without
ambiguity
Documentation
permanent record of the
solution

13. Standards-Definition
Drawing standards are set of rules that govern how
technical drawings are to be represented.
Drawing standards are used so that drawings convey
the same meaning to everyone who reads them.
Why are they Necessary?
Engineering Drawing
Standards

14. ISO International Standards Organization
Standard Code
ANSI American National Standard Institute
USA
JIS Japanese Industrial Standard
Japan
BS British Standard
UK
AS Australian Standard
Australia
Deutsches Institut für Normung
DIN
Germany
Country Code Full name

15. Engineering Drawing
Drawing Sheet

16. Drawing Sheet : Standard size
Trimmed paper of
a size A0 ~ A4.
Standard sheet size
(JIS)
A4 210 x 297
A3 297 x 420
A2 420 x 594
A1 594 x 841
A0 841 x 1189
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
(Dimensions in millimeters)

17. Drawing space
Title block
d
Border
lines
Drawing Sheet : Orientation & Margin
A3 297 x 420

18. Engineering Drawing
Drawing Scale

19. Drawing Scales : Definition
Drawing Actual
Length, size
:
Scale is a ratio between the linear dimension of a
drawn representation of an object and the actual object.
1 2
20
10

20. Designation of a scale consists of the word “SCALE”
followed by the indication of its ratio, as follows
SCALE 1:1 for full size
SCALE X:1 (X > 1) for an enlargement scales
SCALE 1:X (X > 1) for a reduction scales
Drawing Scales : Designation
Drawing scale is commonly found in a title block.

21. Standard reducing scales are
1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:50, 1:100
Drawing Scales : Standard scale
Standard enlarging scales are
2:1, 5:1, 10:1, 20:1, 50:1, 100:1

22. Engineering Drawing
Lettering

23. - Size (or text height)
- line thickness
- Shape
- Space between letters
- Space between words
Recommendation
Legibility
Uniformity
Text’s style on the drawing
must have the following
2 properties
Examples
GOOD
Not uniform in style.
Not uniform in height.
Not uniformly vertical.
Not uniform in
thickness of stroke.
Inappropriate space
between letters

24. Style (this course)
Begin the sentence, phrase or word with a capital letter.
Text height 2~3 mm.
Space between lines of text is about of text height.
Height of the lower-case letter is about 2/3 of that of a
capital letter.

25. Basic Strokes
Straight Slanted Curved
Horizontal
1 1 2
3
“I” letter “A” letter
1
2
3
4 5
6
“B” letter
Examples

27. Leave the space between words equal to the space
requires for writing a letter “O”.
Example
Sentence Composition
ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN
MILLIMETERS
O O O
OUNLESS
OTHERWISE SPECIFIED.
O

28. Engineering Drawing
Line Types

29. Basic Line Types &Application
Continuous
Dash
Chain
Style
Thickness Thick Thin 1. Dimension line
2. Extension line
3. Leader line
Center line
Hidden line
Visible line
represent features that can be seen in the current view.
represent features that can not be seen in the current view.
represents symmetry, path of motion, centers of circles,
axis of axisymmetrical parts
indicate the sizes and location of features.
1. Visible line
3. Hidden line
4. Center line
2. Dimension line
Extension line
Leader line

30. Basic Line Types An Example

31. Basic Line Types

32. Teaching Scheme Theory: 3 Lectures/Week Practical: 2Hrs./Week
Examination Scheme Regular Students:
Phase I - Offline Test I: 25 Marks Duration: 1 Hr. Units I & II
Phase II- Offline Test II: 25 Marks Duration: 1 Hr. Units III& IV
Phase III- Theory Paper: 50 Marks Duration: 2 Hrs. Units I & VI
Examination Scheme Repeater Students:
Phase III - Offline Test I: 50 Marks Duration: 2 Hr. Units I & VI
Phase IV- Offline Test II: 50 Marks Duration: 2 Hr. Units I& IV
SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY
FIRST YEAR OF ENGINEERING (2012 Pattern)
SYLLABUS
ENGINEERING GRAPHICS - I

33. UNIT I 7 Hrs.
Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing: Introduction to Drawing Instruments & their uses, Engineering
Lettering, Drawing Sheet - Layout of drawing sheets, sizes of drawing sheets, Line - Types of lines and their
applications in Mechanical Engineering Drawing, Dimensioning - Dimensioning terminology and method of
execution, Placing of dimensions, General rules for dimensioning, Method of dimensioning: Linear, angular,
aligned system, unidirectional system, parallel dimensioning, chain dimensioning, location dimension and size
dimension.
Projections of Points and Lines: Theory of Projections (Reference Planes and AuxiliaryPlanes, First and Third
Angle Method of projections), Projections of point only in First & Third quadrant with all possible positions.
Projections of Lines: Projections of lines [by First Angle Method of projections only] inclined to horizontal plane,
frontal plane and both i.e. oblique lines, on reference and auxiliary planes. True length of a line by rotation of view
& rotation of plane methods, traces of lines [To locate only H.T. and V. T.]. [Note: No application oriented questions].
UNIT II 6 Hrs.
Projections of Planes: Projections of planes on reference and auxiliary planes [by First AngleMethod of
projections only]. Projection of planes [Triangle - All Cases, Quadrilateral, Pentagon, Hexagon and Circle] by
reference and auxiliary plane methods, Planes inclined to horizontal reference plane, frontal reference plane and
oblique plane, True shape of a Plane, Angles made by the plane with Principle reference planes. [Note: no
combination of planes & anyHT,VT ofplane].

34. UNIT III 6 Hrs.
Projection of Solids: Introduction to Solids, Types of Solids, and Projections of Solids inclined to
one & both reference plane, Projection of Solids (Tetrahedron, Cube, Prisms, Cylinder, Pyramid
and Cone only with maximum six sided base). [Note: No combination of solids & their frustums.
Problems on solids resting on H.P. only].
UNIT IV 6 Hrs.
Engineering Curves: Conic section-Ellipse, Parabola, Hyperbola by Focus-diretrix & rectangle
method, Helix for Cylinder, Involute of a circle, Cycloid, Archimedean Spiral. [Note: Construction
of Tangent & Normal is not expected in Examination. Only Curves be asked in Examination from
Unit-IV].
Development of Solids: Development of prism (Maximum six sides), Development of cone[No
combination of solids].

35. UNIT V 6 Hrs.
Orthographic views: Orthographic projections of given pictorial view by First Angle Method of
Projections only, Study of Types of sections, Sectional orthographic projections. [Note: Only full
sectional Orthographic view to be asked for Examination].
UNIT VI 6 Hrs.
Isometric projections: Introduction to Isometric View with the example of Cube, Isometric
axes, scale, Isometric projections and Isometric views, Construction of isometric, non-isometric
Lines, Angles, Circles, Sphere, Arc etc. Drawing isometric views of simple solids and objects,
Dimensioning - only Length, Width & Height of Isometric Views. [Note: Only Isometric Viewsto be
asked for Examination].

36. TERM WORK
The following Six sheets to be drawn based on the above topics. All
these sheets should be drawn on A2 size (594X420mm) (Half
imperial) drawing sheets only.
1.Projections of lines / planes [Minimum Two Problems each]
2.Projections of solids [Minimum Two Problems]
3.Engineering Curves [Minimum Four Problems]
4.Development of Solids [Minimum Two Problems]
5. Orthographic projections [Minimum Two Problems]
6. Isometric projections [Minimum Two Problems]

37. TEXT BOOK
1. N. D. Bhatt and V. M. Panchal, "Engineering Drawing, Plane and Solid Geometry',
Charotor Publication House, Anand, Gujarat, India.
2. Dhananjay A. Jolhe, "Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to Auto CAD", Tata
McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi, India.
3. BasantAgrawal and C. M. Agrawal, "Engineering Drawing", Tata McGraw-Hill
Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi, India.
4. K. L. Narayana and P. L. Kannaiah, "Text Book on Engineering Drawing", Second
Edition, Scitech Publications (India) Pvt. Ltd. Chennai, 201 1.
5. K. C. John, "Engineering Graphics for Degree", PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi,
2009.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. W. J. Luzadder, "Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing", Prentice Hall of India.
2. Basudeb Bhattacharyya, "Machine Drawing Includes AutoCAD Supplements", Oxford
University Press, India.
3. French and Vierck, "Graphic Science", McGraw-Hill International.
4. K. Venugopal, "Engineering Drawing and Graphics", New Age Publication.
5. R. K. Dhawan, "A text book of Engineering Drawing", S. Chand and Company Ltd., New Delhi,
India.
6. N. B. Shaha and B. C. Rana, "Engineering Drawing", Pearson Education.
7. C. Jensen, J. D. Helsel and D. R. Short, "Engineering Drawing and Design", Tata McGraw-Hill
Education Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2012.
8. T. Jeyapoovan, "Engineering drawing and Graphics using Auto CAD", Vikas Publication House
Pvt. Ltd.