Group IIT lit styd final

L I T E R A T U R E S T U D Y
DESIGN TOPIC : INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (IIT)
GUIDED BY:
• Ar. A. Revathi Devi
• Ar. P. Gurunadha Rao
•Ar.Vamsi Deepak
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
VISAKHAPATNAM, A.P – 530003
REPORT SUBMITTED
BY:
•V.ABHISHEK -313106101037
•G.HAREESH -313106101010
•K.P.HARINI -313106101022
•S.MARY MOUNIKA -313106101031
•P.VIJAYA LAKSHMI -313106101026

HISTORY OF INDIAN INSTITUTES OF TECHNOLOGY
The history of the IIT system dates back to 1946 when Sir Jogendra Singh of the Viceroy's Executive
Council set up a committee whose task was to consider the creation of Higher Technical Institutions for post-war
industrial development in India. The 22-member committee, headed by Nalini Ranjan Sarkar, recommended the
establishment of these institutions in various parts of India, with affiliated secondary institutions.
IITG estd. 1994
The office of the Hijli Detention Camp served as the first
academic building of IIT Kharagpur
The first Indian Institute of Technology was founded in May 1950 at the site of the Hijli Detention Camp in
Kharagpur. The first Indian Institute of Technology was established in 1951. On 15 September 1956,
the Parliament of India passed the Indian Institute of Technology (Kharagpur)
Act, declaring it as an Institute of National Importance. Jawaharlal Nehru, first Prime Minister of
India, in the first convocation address of IIT Kharagpur in 1956.
On the recommendations of the Sarkar Committee, four campuses were established
at Bombay (1958), Madras (1959), Kanpur (1959), and Delhi (1961). The location of these campuses was chosen
to be scattered throughout India to prevent regional imbalance

Over the past few years, there have been a number of developments
toward establishing new IITs. On 1 October 2003, Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee
announced plans to create more IITs "by upgrading existing academic institutions that have the necessary
promise and potential". Subsequent developments led to the formation of the
S K Joshi Committee in November 2003 to guide the selection of the five institutions
which would become the five new IITs. Based on the initial recommendations of the
Sarkar Committee, it was decided that further IITs should be spread throughout the
country. When the government expressed its willingness to correct this regional
imbalance, 16 states demanded IITs. Since the S K Joshi Committee
prescribed strict guidelines for institutions aspiring to be IITs, only seven colleges
were selected for final consideration.
Plans are also reported to open IITs outside India, though not enough progress has been made in this
regard. Eventually in the 11th Five year plan, eight states were identified for establishment of new IITs, and IT-
BHU was converted into an IIT.
The Indian Institutes of Technology Act was amended to reflect the
addition of new IITs. Student agitations in the state of Assam made Prime Minister
Rajiv Gandhi promise the creation of a new IIT in Assam. This led to a sixth campus
at Guwahati under the Assam Accord in 1960. The University of Roorkee, India's
oldest engineering college, was conferred IIT status in 2001.
Indian School of Mines at Dhanbad a premier institute in India was converted to IIT Dhanbad
in 2016

INDIAN INSTITUTES OF TECHNOLOGY (IIT)
The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are a group of fifteen autonomous prestigious engineering and
technology-oriented institutes of higher education established and declared as Institutes of National Importance by
the Parliament of India.

S.NO NAME OF IITS SHORT NAME FOUNDED ESTABLISHED CAMPUS
SIZE
STATE
1 IIT Kharagpur IITKGP 1951 1951 2100
Partha Pratim
Chakraborty
West Bengal
2 IIT Bombay IITB 1958 1958 550 Devang Vipin Khakhar Maharashtra
3 IIT Kanpur IITK 1959 1959 1055 Indranil Manna Uttar Pradesh
4 IIT Madras IITM 1959 1959 620 Bhaskar Ramamurthi Tamil Nadu
5 IIT Delhi IITD 1961 1963 350 V Ramgopal Rao Delhi
6 IIT Guwahati IITG 1994 1994 704 Gautam Biswas Assam
7 IIT Roorkee IITR 1847 2001 365 Ajit Kumar Chaturvedi Uttarakhand
8 IIT Bhubaneswar IITBBS 2008 2008 936 Ratnam V. Raja Kumar Odisha
9 IIT Gandhinagar IITGN 2009 2009 450 Sudhir K. Jain Gujarat
10 IIT Hyderabad IITH 2008 2008 576 U. B. Desai Telangana
11 IIT Jodhpur IITJ 2008 2008 852 [14] C. V. R. Murthy Rajasthan
12 IIT Patna IITP 2008 2008 501 Pushpak Bhattacharya Bihar
13 IIT Ropar IITRPR 2008 2008 545 Sarit Kumar Das Punjab
14 IIT Indore IITI 2009 2009 525 Pradeep Mathur Madhya Pradesh
15 IIT Mandi IITMandi 2009 2009 538 Timothy A. Gonsalves Himachal Pradesh
16 IIT (BHU) Varanasi IIT(BHU) 1919 2012 400 Rajeev Sangal Uttar Pradesh
17 IIT Palakkad IITPKD 2015 2015 500 P B Sunil Kumar Kerala
18 IIT Tirupati IITTP 2015 2015 590 K. N. Satyanarayana Andhra Pradesh
19 IIT (ISM) Dhanbad IIT ISM 1926 2016 458 D C Panigrahi Jharkhand
20 IIT Bhilai IITBh 2016 2016 Session began-staffs not recognized Chhattisgarh
21 IIT Goa IITGoa 2016 2016 Session began-staffs not recognized Goa
22 IIT Jammu IITJM 2016 2016 Session began-staffs not recognized Jammu and Kashmir
23 IIT Dharwa IITDH 2016 2016 Session began-staffs not counted Karnataka

ORGAMANOGRAM OF INDIAN INSTITUTES OF TECHNOLOGY (IIT)

GROWTH OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
The growth of Technical Education before independence in the country has been very slow.
Number of Engineering Colleges and Polytechnics (including Pharmacy and Architecture Institutions) in
1947 were 44 and 43 respectively with an intake capacity of 3200 and 3400 respectively. Due to efforts
and initiatives taken during successive 5-year plans and particularly due to policy changes in the eighties
to allow participation of Private and Voluntary Organizations in setting up of Technical Institutions on
self-financing basis, growth of Technical Education has been phenomenal.
At Present, there are 1208 Under-graduate Degree Level Engineering Institutions,1197 Diploma
Level Engineering Institutions, 930 Management Institutions, 1006 MCA Institutions,294 Under-graduate
Degree Level and 343 Diploma Level Pharmacy Institutions, 43 Under-graduate Degree Level and 65
Diploma Level Hotel Management Institutions, and 108 Under-graduate Degree Level Architecture
Institutions with a combined total intake capacity of 7.6lakhs approximately.
AICTE Approval Process Handbook 2017-2018

Land Requirements for Technical Institutions
* Mega and Metro Cities: Greater Mumbai (UA), Delhi (UA) and Kolkata (UA), Chennai (UA) Bangalore (UA), Hyderabad (UA), Ahmedabad (UA),
Pune (UA), Surat (UA) as per the Census of India 2011.Competent Authority has to certify that the place is located in Mega and Metro, Urban
and Rural areas.
$ The land area required in the Mega and Metro cities shall be calculated on the basis of the requirements as per AICTE norms for carpet area
and the Municipal Corporation byelaws, subject to a minimum of 1.5 acres. However, the total built-up area is to be calculated for the entire
duration of the Course with mandatory prior sanctions and approvals from Competent Authority for the entire proposal.
# Land area required in Urban shall be 2.5 acres which can be in a maximum of TWO plots. The academic, instructional, administrative and
amenities area shall be in one plot not less than 1.5 acres. The distance between the plots shall not exceed 2.0 km. The remaining land shall
only be utilized for sporting infrastructure/ Hostel/ Staff accommodation and related educational activities of the Institution.

Circulation Area in m sq.
Access and Circulation area (ACA) of 25% of sum of Instructional, Administrative and
Amenities area is desired covering common walk ways, staircases, entrance lobby.

EDUCATIONAL STRUCTURE OF IIT’s
IIT’s
UG
Integrated
(5 Year)
B. Tech
(4 Year)
PG
M. Sc
(2 Year)
M.Tech
(2 Year)
Ph.d
• Architecture & Planning
• Biotechnology
• Chemical Engineering
• Civil Engineering
• Electrical Engineering
• Electronics & Communication Engg.
• Computer Science and Engg.
• Mechanical & Industrial Engg.
• Metallurgical & Materials Engg.
• Architecture & Planning
• Alternate Hydro Energy Centre
• Chemical Engineering
• Civil Engineering
• Computer Sc. & Engg.
• Centre for Transportation Systems
• Centre of Excellence in Disaster
Mitigation & Management
• Centre for Nanotechnology
• Earthquake Engineering
• Electrical Engineering
• Electronics & Communication Engineering
• Hydrology
• Mechanical & Industrial Engineering
• Metallurgical & Materials Engg.
• Water Resources Development & Management
• Chemistry
• Mathematics
• Physics
• Statistics

BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR IIT’s
1. Academic departments
2. Amphitheatre
3. Administrative building
4. ATM
5. Bus services
6. Banks
7. Canteen
8. Commercial complex
9. Computer and communication centre
10. Conference centre ( meeting , multipurpose
rooms , auditorium.)
11. Clubs (staff & faculty)
12. Food court
13. Guest house
14. Hostels (men & women)
15. Hospital
16. Library
17. Laboratories
18. Lecture hall complex
19. Post office
20. Place of worship
21. Quarters (staff & faculty)
22. SAC
SPORTS COMPLEX (INDOOR & OUTDOOR):
•Table tennis
•Gymnasium
•Squash courts
•Badminton
•Swimming pool (8 lane 50m long)
•Basketball
•Volleyball
•Tennis
•Football
•Cricket

Norms for Essential and Desirable requirements for Technical Institution
• Standalone Language Laboratory
The Language Laboratory is used for language tutorials. These are attended by students who
voluntarily opt for Remedial English classes. Lessons and exercises are recorded on a weekly basis. The Language
Laboratory sessions also include word games, quizzes, extemporary speaking, debates, skills etc. This Laboratory
shall have 25 Computers for every 1000 students.
• Potable Water supply and outlets for drinking water at strategic locations.
• Electric Supply
• Sewage Disposal System
• Telephone
• Vehicle Parking
• Institution web site with Mandatory Disclosure
• Display board within the premises as well as in the web site of the of Institution indicating the feedback facility
of students and faculty available in the AICTE Web-Portal.
• Barrier Free Built Environment for disabled and elderly persons including availability of specially designed toilets
for ladies and gents separately.
• Every building should have at least one entrance accessible to the handicapped and shall be indicated by
proper signage. This entrance shall be approached through a ramp together with the stepped entry.

• For Building up to 3 or 4 floors (for buildings of height <15 m)
• Lift can be provided but not essential.
• Ramp shall be finished with non-slip material to enter the building. Minimum width or ramp shall be 1800
mm. with maximum gradient 1:12, one way length of ramp shall not exceed 9.0 m having double handrail at
a height of 800 and 900 mm on both sides extending 300 mm. beyond top and bottom of the ramp.
Minimum gap from the adjacent wall to the hand rail shall be 50 mm.
• All teaching-learning facilities for physically challenged people shall be provided in the ground floor itself.
• Unisex toilets with all facilities specified by the National Building Code to be provided only in the ground floor
of regular buildings.

• If the building is a multistoried building i.e. more than 4 floors.
• Lift must be provided with all provisions as per the National Building Code.
• Unisex toilets with all facilities specified by the National Building Code are to be provided in every floor.
• Special reserved car parking facilities are to be provided.
• Safety provisions including fire and other calamities.
• First aid, Medical and Counselling Facilities.
• Appointment of Student Counsellor.
• Rain Water Harvesting and installation of grid connected solar rooftops/ Power Systems.
• Waste management and environment improvement measures to ensure a sustainable Green Campus.
• Public announcement system at strategic locations for general announcements/ paging and announcements
in emergency.
• Transport
• Post, Banking Facility/ ATM
• CCTV Security System
• LCD (or similar) projectors in classrooms
• Placement Cell

Norms for Intake and Number of Courses/ Divisions in the Technical Institutions
• Under Graduate Level
• Post Graduate Degree and Post Graduate Diploma Level

CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDING AREA
AICTE Approval Process Handbook 2017-2018, TSS
Schematic Layout Of University Facilities
•The building area required for an institution can be classified as instructional area, administrative area,
amenities area and residential area.
Instructional area will include classrooms, tutorial rooms, drawing halls, laboratories, workshops,
computer center, library, instructional resource center, seminar hall etc.
Administrative area comprises Principle's room, visitors
lounge, staff rooms, college office, departmental offices,
stores, conference room, confidential room, etc.
Area for amenities consists of common rooms, recreation
center, hobby center, offices for Gymkhana N.C.C., N.S.S
and Alumni Association, Co-operative Stores, Dispensary, etc.
Residential area includes student and staff hostels,
staff quarters and guesthouse.

Instructional Area (Carpet Area) in m sq.
• Engineering/ Technology (UG)

• Category X of Courses: Mechanical, Production, Civil, Electrical, Chemical, Textile, Marine,
Aeronautical and allied Courses of each.
• Classrooms, Tutorial rooms and Laboratories required for subsequent years shall be added
progressively to achieve total number as stated.
• Additional Library (Reading room) area of 50 m2/ per 60 student (UG+PG) Intake beyond 420.
• UG laboratories if shared for PG Courses shall be upgraded to meet requirements of PG
curriculum.
• Progressive requirement, 2nd year onwards shall be calculated as 2+2+2 labs/ Course.
• Additional 4 Labs/ Course when number of divisions are more than 2/ Course.
• Round off fraction in calculation to the next integer.
• For PG Programs, Seminar Hall of respective UG Program may be shared.
• Laboratories for the 1st year includes Physics and Chemistry Laboratory each of 66 m2 are
required.

• Engineering/ Technology (PG)
• Category X of Courses: Mechanical, Production, Civil, Electrical, Chemical, Textile, Marine, Aeronautical and
allied Courses of each.
• Progressive requirement, 2nd year onwards shall be calculated as 2+1 Laboratories/ Course.

• Architecture/ Planning (PG)
• Construction yard (Open Space) of minimum 200 m sq is required.
• Classrooms (1+1), Laboratories (1+1) and Studio (1+1) required for subsequent years shall be added
progressively to achieve total number as stated. UG Laboratories, if shared for PG Courses, shall be upgraded
to meet requirements of PG curriculum.

• Applied Arts and Crafts (UG , PG)
• Classrooms, Tutorial rooms and Laboratories required for subsequent years shall be added
progressively (1+1+1) to achieve total number as stated. UG Laboratories, if shared for PG Courses, shall
be upgraded to meet requirements of PG curriculum.

• Lecture hall defined as a classroom with seating for 75 or more persons.
• The three (3) fundamental requirements:
• to see visual material
• to hear without noise or distortion,
• to be physically comfortable
• Larger lecture halls require more entrances and exits, larger projection screen images, greater voice
amplification, more complex lighting and audiovisual control, special acoustical design, and greater control of
the environment by the instructor.
• INTRODUCTION TO LECTURE HALLS
• SITE AND SPACE RELATIONSHIPS FOR THE LECTURE HALL
• Should be located to facilitate the movement of large numbers of students to and from the lecture halls.
Further, lecture halls should be located so that students can enter or exit the building without passing
through major portions of the building that contain other classrooms or spaces for other functions.
• Lobby space is needed in conjunction with each entrance/exit of the lecture hall. This lobby space should
be large enough to allow students to congregate without interfering with the normal traffic flow of students
entering or leaving the facility. Seating in the lobby area is needed, but away from entrances/exits of hall.
• Large lecture halls (those seating more than 100 students) should be a modified fan shape. Ideally, no
student should be more than 45º off the center axis of the room. The depth of the room should not be
greater than one and one-half times the width of the room.
University of Pittsburgh
- www.facmgmt.pitt.edu/designm/division-n.pdf

• Ceiling heights will vary, depending upon the size of the room.
Capacity Rear Ceiling Height Front Ceiling Height
75-149 2.4 m 3.6 m
150-299 2.4 m 4.5 m
300 or more 2.4 m 5.5 m
Capacity : 98 students
Room area : 200 m sq.
Area per person : 2 m sq. / Student
14.3 m
15m

• Possible Layouts For Lecture Halls
Fixed table and movable chairs Fixed Auditorium Seats with rectangular tables

Standard Lecture Hall : Lecture theatres for subjects involving writing on
chalkboards and projection have seating on shallow racks.
• Lecture hall sectional layout:
More Steeply Racked Lecture Hall : Demonstration lecture theatres for
science subjects have experiment benches and seating steeply racked.
• Usual sizes for lecture theatres : 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 600, 800
seats. Theatres with up to 200 seats have a celling height of 3.50 m
and are integrated into the departmental buildings, if larger they are
better in a separate building.
• Amount of space per student : for seating in comfort
70 x 65 cm; and on avg. 60 x 80 – 55 x 75 cm. 0.60 m
sq. needed per student including all spaces in larger
lecture theatres and in avg. comfort 0.80 – 0.95 m sq.
• Standard min size for
• Rectangular lecture hall : 0.2 – 0.25 m sq./seat
• Trapezoidal shape : 0.15 – 0.18 m sq./seat
• For scientific lectures : 0.2 – 0.3 m sq./seat
NEUFERT 3 EDITION

• SITE AND SPACE RELATIONSHIPS FOR THE GENERAL PURPOSE CLASSROOMS
• Classrooms should be concentrated on the lower floors of buildings for better student access and allows
instructional support
• A building with mixed functions (classrooms, offices, and/or laboratories) should have a classroom core that is
separated from the other functions.
• Located away from noise-generating activities taking place either outside or inside the building.
• Main entrances should be close to classrooms so that students do not have to travel great distances through
non-instructional areas to reach classrooms.
• Rooms of 50-75 capacity should have two (2) entrances/exits preferably at the rear of the room.
• Doors should be a minimum of 1m wide and should have a vision panel in order to prevent injury when being
opened.
• The incline of sloped floors should be no more than a 1:12 ratio.
• Ceiling heights will vary depending upon the size of the room:
Capacity Flat Floor Sloped Floor
up to 20 3m
21-49 3m
50-79 3.6m 2.4m in rear and 3.6m in front

• DIFFERENT CLASSROOM LAYOUT AND AREAS
10.3 m
12m
10.3m
12 m
University of Winnipeg Students’ Association

Area per person : 2.4 m sq. / Student

• Learning Classrooms ( or Labs)
The active learning classroom is a variation of the discussion or lecture classroom but is designed to
allow for mix between lecture and small group work/discussion at tables. The room often does not typically have
a front and may contain multiple projectors or digital displays on various walls, being controlled by both the
instructor and students. The room layout places emphasis on a multi-focal learning and teaching style, with a mix
of small group discussion, reporting out, and lecture.
University of Michigan - ClassroomPlanningConsiderations.docx

• Possible Layouts for Active Learning Classrooms (or Learning Labs)
University of Michigan - ClassroomPlanningConsiderations.docx

• Laboratory standards :
Minimum Passage Width Between Workstations
Lab For Teaching and Practicals
Chemistry Bench
Physics Bench
• The benches, fixed or movable, is the Module which
determines the lab workstation; its measurements,
including work space and passage space, from the so-
called lab axis, the basic spatial units.
• Normal measurements for standard workbench : 120
cm width and 80 cm depth.
• Fume cupboards 120 and 180 cm.
NEUFERT 3 EDITION

A. Core Courses (in Sq.m) Students : Area
Physics 20 : 200
Chemistry 20 : 175
Mechanics and Kinematics 20 :100
Materials Testing Strength of
Material
20 : 200
*5.Electrical Science
i. Electronics
ii. Elect. Engg.
20 : 200
Computer Centre 200 : 300
B. Civil Engineering Courses (in Sq.m) Students :
Area
Structural Engg. 15 : 250
Fluid Mechanics. 15 : 300
Engineering Geology. 15 : 100
Geo-technical Engg. 15 : 200
Transportation Engg. 15 : 100
Environmental Engg. 15 : 100
Surveying Stores. 100
C. Electrical Engineering Courses Students
: Area
Electrical Machines (Electro
mechanics)
20 : 350
Power system Protection 20 :150
Measurement & Inst. 20 : 150
Drives & Power Electronics 20 : 150
Control Systems 20 : 100
Microprocessor 20 : 100
Applied Electronics/Project 20 : 100
D. Mechanical Engineering Courses Students :
Area
Thermal Science
1. Stream
2. I.C.
3. Refrig.
4. Heat Transfer
20 : 500
Fluid Machines 20 : 200
Measurements 20 : 100
Dynamics of Machines 20 : 100
Metrology 20 : 100
Machine Tools 20 : 100

E. Electronics and Communications
Engg. Courses (in Sq.m)
Students :
Area
Electronic Circuit 15 : 75
Switching and Digital Circuit 15 : 75
Control System 15 : 75
Microwave Devices 15 : 75
Communication System 15 : 75
F. Chemical Engineering
Courses (in Sq.m)
Students :
Area
Unit operations I Fluid/Particle
Mechanics.
15: 100
Unit Operations II Heat & Mass
Transfer.
15: 100
Energy Engineering. 15: 50
Reaction Engineering and Process
Dynamics and control.
15: 100
G. Metallurgical Engineering
Courses (in Sq.m)
Students :
Area
Metallographic 15: 50
Mineral Dressing 15: 50
Extractive Metallurgy 15: 50
Metal Forming 15: 75
Heat Treatment 15: 100
Corrosion 15: 50
H. Computer Engineering Courses (in
Sq.m)
Students :
Area
Computer Software 15: 50
Computer Hardware & 15: 75
Computer Graphics 15: 50
Computer Design 15: 50

• At least one printer to be A1 sized Color Printer/ Plotter
• Adequate number of software licenses is required.
• Central Xeroxing facility for students is preferred.
• PC shall also include laptop in the inventory of the Institution. AICTE Approval Process Handbook 2017-2018
• Computers, Software, Internet and Printers

• Internet speed required for the Institution
• At least 2Mbps internet speed/ per student shall be
made available for viewing e-content from
NPTEL/ SWAYAM etc.
• At least 4Mbps Wi-Fi connectivity at 4 or 5 hotspots
shall be made available.
• Secured Wi-Fi facility is highly recommended.
• Purchase of most recent hardware is desired.
• Library, Administrative offices and Faculty members shall be provided with exclusive computing facilities
along with LAN and Internet. This shall be considered as over and above the requirement meant for PCs to
student’s ratio.
• Every department shall have separate computer Laboratory with at least 20 computers.
A centralized computer Laboratory with at least 100 computers.

• COMPUTER LAB LAYOUT WITH AREAS
12 m
9m

B = Number of divisions at 1st year
(Shift 1+2) + Number of 2nd year
direct divisions (Shift 1+2)
• 33% of total number of titles
and volumes each can be in the
form of e-books with intranet
access.
• Availability of NPTEL (National
Programme on Technology
Enhanced Learning ) facility at the
library is essential.
• Document scanning facility in
the library is essential.
• Reprographic facility in the
library is essential.
• Digital Library facility with
multimedia facility is essential.
• Journals and Books shall also
include subjects of Science and
Humanities.
• Books, Journals and Library facilities

Administrative Area (Carpet Area) in m sq.
1

NEUFERT 3 EDITION
• Seminar hall : These usually have 20, 40, 50 or 60 seats, with
movable double desks(width 1.20, depth 0.60): space required
per student 1.90 – 2.00 m.
• Officers for academic staff :
• Professor : 20 – 24 m sq.
• Lecturer : 15 m sq.
• Assistants : 20 m sq.
• Typists : 15 m sq. (when shared by 2 – 20 m sq.)
• Library :
Capacity for 30,000 – 200,000 books on open shelves.
• Book space :
Book cases with 6 – 7 shelves, 2m high
Distance between book cases 1.50 – 1.60m
Space required 1.0 – 1.2 m sq./200 books.
• Reading spaces :
Width 0.9 – 1.0 m/depth 0.8m
Space required 2.4 – 2.5 m sq./ space
Seminar room work space
Basic officer’s Furnishing
Arrangement Of Reading Places and Book Shelves

• Under Graduate Programme
• Of which, a minimum of 80 % should be Regular/ full time faculty and the remaining shall be Adjunct
Faculty/ Resource persons from industry as per Annexure 10.
• S = Sum of number of students as per “Approved Intake” for all years, R = (1+2+6)
• Norms for Faculty requirements and Recommended Cadre Ratio for Technical Institution

• Post Graduate Programme
• S = Sum of number of students as per “Approved Intake” for all years *R = (1+1+1).
• For every PG Programme, there should be at least one Professor with Ph.D. qualification.
• Of which, a minimum of 80 % should be Regular/ full time faculty and the remaining shall be adjunct
faculty/ resource persons from industry.
• Recommended Cadre Ratio shall be 1:2:6 (Professor: Associate Professor : Assistant Professor) or better.

• TECHNICAL AND OTHER STAFF
• The six workshop facilities consist of Carpentry, Welding, Smithy, Machine Shop, Fitting and Sheet
Metal Shop. Each of these facilities would have a mechanic and an attendant. All these facilities
should be headed by a ASW/Foreman.
• The ratio of non-teaching (inclusive of administrative, ministerial, technical and other unskilled and
semiskilled staff) to teaching staff should not exceed 3:1.
• LIBRARY STAFF : It is suggested that the library should consist of 1 librarian, 1 assistant librarian and 4 library
assistants
• PHYSICAL EDUCATION STAFF : It is suggested that 1 physical education director, 1 assistant physical
education director and 2 attendants should be available.
• LABORATORY STAFF : Each laboratory should be in the charge of a teaching staff assisted by a senior
laboratory technician / laboratory technician and an attendant.
• COMPUTER CENTRE
• The Computer Centre shall be a centralized service center for the use of students and staff of the
college.
• There should be 30 terminals in the Computer Centre.
• There shall be 1 System Manager, 1 System Analyst and at least 1 Computer Programmer and 2
Computer Operators in the Computer Centre.

Administrative Staff and Non-Teaching Staff in Institute
• Registrar cum Adm. Officer 1
• Medical Officer (Part-time) 1
• Watchmen 5-10*
• Attendants 5-10*
• Drivers 3
• Draftsman/Tracer 1
• Mechanics (Electrician, Plumber, Carpenter etc.) 4
• Junior Assistants 3-8
• Senior Assistants 3-5
• Senior Stenographer and PA to Principal 1
• Office Superintendents 1-3

Amenities Area (Carpet Area) in m sq.

• KITCHEN SPACE (Carpet Area) IN m sq.
Department 500 1000 2000 3000
Receiving 15.24-21.336 24.38-30.48 48.76-60.96 73.15-91.44
Dry storage 45.72-76.2 91.44-152.4 182.88-304.8 274.3-457.2
Refrigerated Storage 48.768 54.86 109.72 152.4
Dishwashing 36.576-45.75 73.15-146.3 158.4-219.45 228.6-237.7
Trash Room 27.432-33.5 39.62-45.7 57.9-73.15 76.2-97.5
Employee lockers and
toilets
19.8-24.38 30.48-35.05 70.1-76.2 100.5-109.7
Manager’s office 24.38 24.38 36.57 42.67
TIME SAVER STANDERDS

• DINNING (Carpet Area) IN m sq.
For University Cafeteria and catering
• A good guide is to allow 12 to 15 sq ft per seat in planning the dining space. Smaller tables will use more
space, but will encourage more quiet conversation.

• TOILETS FOR EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

•PARKING:
VEHICLE TYPE NBC TSS OTHERS
(Educational
building type)
Bicycle
Not less than
1 m sq
1 m sq
Two Wheeler Not less than
1.25 m sq
__
Car Not less than
13.75 m sq
23 m sq
(with circulation)
As per NBC:
Area for each equivalent car space inclusive of circulation area
is 23 m sq for open parking, 28 m sq for ground floor covered
parking and 32 m sq for basement.
As per The Parking Standards
Supplementary Planning Document (SPD) :
-1 car space per 5 students
-1 car space per member
of staff

Residential Area
There are majorly three main classifications in residential areas for technical institutions which are briefly
discussed below:
• HOSTELS : For both Boys, girls and even need for married couples. Each hostel has a state of art Cyber
Cafe, managed by students. All hostels are now fully Wifi connected, meaning that the Internet permeates
the space we live in.
• FACULTY HOUSING : It’s a simple 1BHK or 2BHK flat equipped with small kitchen is available in each of
them with a refrigerator. Guest Faculty can been accommodated here on occasions for 6 months on
continuous basis.
• GUEST HOUSING : These are AC suites with two furnished beds and attached toilet with hot and cold
water facility. All rooms are serviced by an emergency generator set. All AC rooms and Suite are also
provided with color televisions with Cable connection. All rooms are also provided with telephones
through an EPABX system, with direct inward dialing facility.

• HOSTELS
• HOSTEL MANAGEMENT:
1. The following officers constitute the Hostel Management
a) The Director
b) The Registrar
c) Dy. Registrar (F&A)
d) Asst. Warden
2. Each hostel is managed by a
Warden/ Asst. Warden.
3. The students can approach any
of the above officer for help
guidance and grievance redressal.
Representations to higher officers
must be forwarded through proper channel.

• HOSTEL REQUIREMENTS AREA (Carpet
Area) in m sq. :
Diagrammatic arrangements
rectangular rooms, single
rooms.
The area of a double
room varies between
145 and 250 sq ft .
Maximum number of people Minimum size of bedroom
1 Not less than 6.5 m²

• TOILETS FOR HOSTELS
NATONAL BUILDING CODE (NBC)

BARRIER FREE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
The main objectives of the “Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full
Full Participation) Act, 1996 enacted by the Government of India on January 1, 1996 are to create barrier
free environment for persons with disabilities and to make special provisions for the integration of
with disabilities into the social mainstream.
In regard to non-discrimination in the built environment, provisions have been made in this Act for
in public buildings, adaptation of toilets for wheel chair users, Braille symbols and auditory signals in
elevators.
Barrier Free Environment is one which enables people with disabilities to move about safely and freely
to use the facilities within the built environment. The goal of barrier free design is to provide an
environment that supports the independent functioning of individuals so that they can get to, and
participate without assistance, in every day activities such as procurement of goods and services,
community living, employment, and leisure.
Types of Disabilities:
Non-Ambulatory :
Impairments that, regardless of cause or manifestation, for all
practical purposes, confine individuals to wheel & chairs.

MOBILITY DEVICES
Space allowance
Forward reach without obstruction
Side reach without obstruction
Forward and side reach over obstruction
Standard size of wheel chair has been taken as 1050mm x 750mm. Structure of wheelchair and name of each
part

MOBILITY DEVICES
Side reach without obstruction
Side reach over obstruction
CRUTCHES

CONTROLS
For locking and opening controls for window and doors should not be more than 1400mm from
the finished floor usable by one hand.
* Switches for electric light and power as well as door handles and other fixtures and fittings should
be between 900 mm - 1200 mm from finished floor..
Heights For Switches, Doors, Handrails

SIGHT DISABILITIES
Persons with impaired vision
Persons in this category are totally blind or with impaired vision. Visually impaired
persons make use of other senses such as hearing or touch to compensate for the
lack of vision. It is necessary to give instructions accessible through the sense of touch
(hands, fingers or legs).
While walking with a white cane to spot their feet near the tip of the cane the
persons may bump his or her head or shoulder against protruding objects.
Persons with limited vision may be able to discriminate between dark and bright
shades and difference in primary colors.
Design requirements
• Use of guiding blocks for persons with impaired vision to guide
them within the buildings and facilities and out side the building
* Installation of information board in braille.
* Installation of audible signages (announcements)
• Removal of any protruding objects and sufficient walking space
for safe walking.
• For persons with limited vision use of contrasting color
arrangements.
walkways

CONTROLS
* Power point for general purpose should be fixed between 400-500 mm from the finished floor
Typical Dimensions for Essential uses with in easy reach

SITE DEVELOPMENT
Level of the roads, access paths and parking areas shall be described in the plan along with specification
the materials.
Access Path/Walk Way :- Access path from plot entry and surface parking to Building entrance shall be
minimum of 1800 mm. wide having even surface without any steps. Slope, if any, shall not have gradient
greater than 5%.
Selection of floor material shall be made suitably to attract or to guide visually impaired persons (limited
to coloured floor material whose colour and brightness is conspicuously different from that of the
surrounding floor material or the material that emit different sound to guide visually impaired persons
hereinafter referred to as “guiding floor material”. Finishes shall have a non slip surface with a texture
traversable by a wheel chair. Curbs wherever provided should blend to a common level.
Parking :- For parking of vehicles of handicapped people the following provisions shall be made:
a) Surface parking for two Car Spaces shall be provided near entrance for the physically handicapped
persons with maximum travel distance of 30.0 meter from building entrance.
b) The width of parking bay shall be minimum 3.6 meter.
c) The information stating that the space is reserved for wheel chair users shall be conspicuously
displayed.
d) Guiding floor materials shall be provided or a device which guides visually impaired persons with
audible signals or other devices which serves the same purpose shall be provided.

BUILDING REQUIREMENTS
The specified facilities for the buildings for physically handicapped persons shall be as follows:
1. Approach to plinth level
2. Corridor connecting the entrance/exit for the handicapped.
3. Stair-ways
4. Lift
5. Toilet
6. Drinking water
Approach to plinth level :- Every building should have at least one entrance accessible to the
handicapped and shall be indicated by proper signage. This entrance shall be approached through a
ramp together with the stepped entry.
Ramped Approach :- Ramp shall be finished with non slip material to enter the building. Minimum
width of ramp shall be 1800 mm. with maximum gradient 1:12, length of ramp shall not exceed 9.0
meter having 800 mm high hand rail on both sides extending 300 mm. beyond top and bottom of
ramp. Minimum gap from the adjacent wall to the hand rail shall be 50 mm.
Stepped Approach :- For stepped approach size of tread shall not be less than 300 mm. and
maximum riser shall be 150 mm. Provision of 800 mm. high hand rail on both sides of the stepped
approach similar to the ramped approach.
Exit/Entrance Door :- Minimum clear opening of the entrance door shall be 900 mm. and it shall not
be provided with a step that obstructs the passage of a wheel chair user. Threshold shall not be
more than 12 mm.

Entrance Landing :- Entrance landing shall be provided adjacent to ramp with the minimum
dimension 1800 mm x 2000 mm. The entrance landing that adjoin the top end of a slope shall be
provided with floor materials to attract the attention of visually impaired persons (limited to coloured
material whose colour and brightness is conspicuously different from that of the surrounding floor
material or the material that emit different sound to guide visually impaired persons hereinafter referred
as “guiding floor material” . Finishes shall have a non slip surface with a texture traversable by a wheel
chair. Curbs wherever provided should blend to a common level.
Corridor connecting the entrance/exit for the handicapped :- The corridor connecting the entrance/exit
for handicapped leading directly outdoors to a place where information concerning the overall use of
specified building can be provided to visually impaired persons either by a person or by signs, shall be
provided as follows: a) ‘Guiding floor materials’ shall be
or devices that emit sound to guide visually impaired persons.
b) The minimum width shall be 1500 mm.
c) In case there is a difference of level slope ways shall be provided with a slope of 1:12. d) Hand rails shall
be provided for ramps/slope ways.
Stair-ways :- One of the stair-ways near the entrance/exit for the handicapped shall have the following
provisions:
a) The minimum width shall be 1350 mm.
b) Height of the riser shall not be more than 150 mm and width of the tread 300 mm. The steps shall not
have abrupt (square) nosing.
c) Maximum number of risers on a flight shall be limited to 12.
d) Hand rails shall be provided on both sides and shall extend 300 mm. on the top and bottom of each
flight of steps.

Lifts :-Wherever lift is required as per bye-laws, provision of at least one lift shall be made for the wheel
chair user with the following cage dimensions of lift recommended for passenger lift of 13 persons
capacity by Bureau of Indian Standards. Clear internal depth : Clear internal width : 1100 mm. 2000 mm.
Entrance door width : 900 mm.
a) A hand rail not less than 600 mm. long at 1000 mm. above floor level shall be fixed adjacent to the
control panel.
b) The lift lobby shall be of an inside measurement of 1800 mm x 1800 mm. or more.
c) The time of an automatically closing door should be minimum 5 seconds and the closing speed
not exceed 0.25 Meter/Sec.
d) The interior of the cage shall be provided with a device that audibly indicates the floor the. cage has
reached and indicates that the door of the cage for entrance/exit is either open or closed.
Toilets :- One special W.C. in a set of toilet shall be provided for the use of handicapped, with essential
provision of wash basin near the entrance for the handicapped.
a) The minimum size shall be 1500 mm x 1750 mm.
b) b) Minimum clear opening of the door shall be 900 mm. and the door shall swing out.
c) c) Suitable arrangement of vertical/horizontal handrails with 50 mm. clearance from wall shall be
in the toilet.
d) d) The W.C. seat shall be 500 mm. from the floor.
Drinking Water :- Suitable provision of drinking water shall be made for the handicapped near the
special toilet provided for them.
REFERENCES
 Central public works department (CPWD).

SPACE AS LANGUAGE
Abstract
Space and place are among the fundamental concepts in architecture about which many
discussions have been held and the complexity and importance of these concepts were
focused on. Hence, at first the research investigates the concepts of space and place and explains their
characteristics in architecture. Then, it reviews the semiology theory and explores its concepts and ideas.
After obtaining the principles of theory and also the method of semiology, they are redefined in an
architectural system based on an adaptive method. Finally, the research offers a conceptual model which
called the semiology approach by considering the architectural system as a system of signs. The
can be used to decode the content of meanings and forms and analyses of the architectural mechanism
order to obtain its meanings and concepts. Besides, this approach has the capability to be used in
processes of sustainable development and also be a basis for deconstruction of architectural texts.
LANGUAGE OF SPACE
Space, and consequently that which encloses it, are much more central to all of us in our
lives than purely technical, aesthetic or even semiotic interpretation would suggest. Space is both that
which brings us together and simultaneously that which separates us from each other.
Space is the essential stuff of a very fundamental and universal form of communication.
The human language of space, whilst it has its cultural variations, can be observed all over the world
wherever and whenever people come together. In particular in this book we are interested in the space
created in and around architecture. Architecture organizes and structures space for us, and its interiors
the objects enclosing and inhabiting its rooms can facilitate or inhibit our activities by the way they use
this language. Because this language is not heard or seen directly,
and certainly not written down, it gets little attention in a formal sense. However, we all make use of it
throughout all of our lives as we move.

BEHAVIOURAL SETTINGS
People certainly consider the purely physical characteristics of spaces, the objects they
contain and the envelopes that define them, there is something far more important to us than that. Of
course we are all different, but in general ultimately it is our relationship not directly with spaces or
buildings that matters most to us, but our relationships with other people.
Barker discussed psychology from what he called an ecological perspective (Barker 1968).
He argued that places have synomorphy when there is congruence between people’s actions and the
physical and social setting. There are several great forces at work here,
and perhaps the most important are those of privacy and community. It is how space enables these two
appropriately that forms many of the basic components of the language we shall explore.
Space that facilitates display may not be good at providing for privacy. Space that is
domain may need to be recognizably different to space that is private domain. We rely upon space to
create places appropriate to certain kinds of behaviour and to tell us what they are. Space has to
communicate the ‘right of ownership’ clearly so that we can all behave in an
ordered and orderly manner without constantly upsetting each other.
SPACE AND THE HUMAN DIMENSION
THE HUMAN BASIS OF LANGUAGE
One school of thought in the study of psycholinguistics suggests that this underlying
structure reveals some deeply embedded characteristics of the human brain. At its most basic, we have
own ways of sensing space and of moving through space. At the more sophisticated level, we have our
own ways of making meaning of space.
The space that surrounds us and the objects enclosing that space may determine how
we can move, how warm or cold we are, how much we can see and hear, and with whom we can
`

At one very basic level we have specific needs for such things as adequate lighting
and fresh air to breathe. At a rather higher level, we need space to help us to feel right about our current
situation. Even this brief analysis suggests that to understand our interaction with space
will involve us in a very wide range of psychological issues.
THE HUMAN PSYCHE
There are many ways of categorizing human behaviour, but to debate that would take us
into the taxonomy of psychology . It is useful to recognize two important dimensions along which our
behaviour can be plotted (Fig.1). Sometimes we are very conscious of our own behaviour, whilst at other
times we may be entirely
unconscious of it. On some occasions we have
virtually total control over our behaviour, but not
always! Since these two dimensions of conscious-
ness and control are independent, we can usefully
think of human behaviour in four major sectors.
At the other extreme, behaviour that
is both conscious and controllable we might call
‘cognitive’, and this clearly includes intellectual
thought and the solving of problems. Conscious
but uncontrollable behaviour we might
call ‘conative’, which would include feelings
and emotions.
FIG . 1 A very simple but useful model dividing up human
behaviour. The two independent dimensions of control and
consciousness give rise to four quite different forms of behaviour,
each described by their own field of psychology

SPATIAL NEEDS
Robert Ardrey was the first to suggest that not only do we seem to have these three
important spatial needs of stimulation, security and identity, but also that this could help to explain the
reasons for territorial behaviour.
MECHANISMS OF PERCEIVING SPACES
SIZE SCALE AND DISTANCE
The size, shape and colour of an object are all generally perceived by us to remain
as it moves around in space, or as we move around it. Of course the visual sensations of shape, size and
colour are continuously changing. Scale here means the effect the building has on us in terms of relative
rather than absolute size
REDUNDANCY
The classical language repeats not only shapes and forms and elements; it also repeats relationships. In
particular it relies upon a sophisticated array of proportions, including
the fundamental so-called ‘golden section’. Centuries later Le Corbusier was to advance a whole theory
architecture based upon the use of a similar proportioning system, ‘Le modulor’. Corbusier rather broke
free of the repetition of elements and relied for his redundancy
much more on proportion (Le Corbusier 1951;
REFERENCE
 LANGUAGE OF SPACES - BRYAN LAWSON

CHARACTERISTICS OF SPACE AND PLACE

THE ANALYTICAL PROCESS IN THE CONCEPTUAL MODEL
REFERENCE
 SPACE AND PLACE CONCEPTS ANALYSIS BASED ON SEMIOLOGY APPROACH - JOURNAL

Energy efficiency measures for buildings
It is estimated that new buildings can reduce energy consumption on an average between 20-
50% by incorporating appropriate design interventions in the building envelope, heating, ventilation and
air-conditioning (HVAC, 20-60%), lighting (20-50%), water heating (20-70%), refrigeration (20-70%) and
electronics and other (e.g., office equipment and intelligent controls, 10-20%). Through energy efficiency
measures for buildings, the energy consumption in a building can be reduced while maintaining or
improving the level of comfort in the building. They can typically be categorized into:
 Reducing heating demand;
• Limiting the area exposed to outdoors to a minimum (more complex design, more exposed
surface area)
• Improving air tightness (e.g., caulking holes and cracks) and the insulation of the building
• Reducing ventilation losses
• Selecting efficient heating systems with effective controls
 Reducing cooling demand (need for air conditioning);
• Controlling solar gains by avoiding excessive glazing, use of shading and blinds, glazing with
lowest solar heat gains factor;
• Selecting office equipment with reduced heat output;
• Making use of thermal mass materials and night ventilation to reduce peak temperatures
• Reducing lighting loads and installing effective lighting controls
 Reducing the energy requirements for ventilation;
• A building design that maximizes natural ventilation (air passing from one side to the other side
of the building)
• Effective window design
• Using energy efficient mechanical ventilation systems

 Reducing energy use for lighting;
• Appropriate window design and glass to make maximum use of daylight while avoiding
solar gain
• Energy efficient lighting systems (e.g. using task lighting to avoid excessive background
luminance levels; selecting lamps with a high efficacy; providing effective controls that prevent
lights being left on unnecessarily
 Reducing energy used for heating water;
• Proper insulation of pipes
• Installing time controls and setting hot water thermostats to the appropriate temperature
• Switching of electric heating elements when hot water is available
 Reducing electricity consumption of office equipment and appliances;
• Use energy-efficient appliances (computers, monitors, printers, faxes, copiers, etc.), taking
advantage of labelling schemes
• Employ ‘switching off – power down’ modes in equipment

GREEN BUILDINGS CONCEPTS FOR INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS
Green New Buildings green features under the following categories:
1. Sustainable Architecture and Design
2. Site Selection and Planning
3. Water Conservation
4. Energy Efficiency
5. Building Materials and Resources
6. Indoor Environmental Quality
7. Innovation and Development
1.Sustainable Architecture and Design
 Site Preservation
Encourage retaining the site features to minimize site damage and associated negative
impacts.
 Existing Topography / Landscape:
Retain at least 10% of the existing topography / landscape, without any
disturbance whatsoever.
 Existing Trees:
Design to integrate trees with new development, so as to preserve 75% of existing
trees.
 Natural Rocks:
Retain at least 50% of natural rocks (by surface area), excluding building footprint.
 Site Contour:
Retain site contour to an extent of at least 50% of the site, including building
footprint. Applicable for projects with a slope of 25 percent (ie. 4 to 1 slope) or more.
 Water Bodies and Channels:
Retain 100% of water bodies and channels existing on the site.

 Passive Architecture
Adopt passive architectural design features to minimize negative environmental impacts.
 Exterior Openings:
At least 80% of the exterior openings (fenestration) have a Projection Factor* of 0.5
or more
*Projection Factor is a ratio of the length of overhang projection divided by height from
sill to the bottom end of the overhang (must be permanent). For more details, please refer
Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC).
 Skylights:
Skylights shall comply with the maximum U-factor and maximum SHGC
 Daylighting:
50 % of the regularly occupied spaces with daylight illuminance levels for a
of 110 Lux(and a maximum of 2,200 Lux) in a clear sky condition

2.Site Selection & Planning
 Local Building Regulations
Ensure that the building complies with necessary statutory and regulation codes
*Buildings with 20,000 sq.m built-up area or more shall submit ‘Environmental Clearance
Certificate’ or ‘Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Study Report’, as applicable,
approved by Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF) or State Environment Impact
Assessment Authority (SEIAA) to show compliance for certification
 Soil Erosion Control
 Soil erosion control measures taken before construction and during construction must
conform to the best management practices highlighted in the National Building Code (NBC)
of India 2005, Part 10, Section 1, Chapter 4 - Protection of Landscape during Construction
Chapter 5 - Soil and Water Conservation.
 Fertile topsoil to be stockpiled prior to construction, for future reuse or donation.
 Develop appropriate measures to address soil erosion, after occupancy.
 Basic Amenities
For campus projects with multiple buildings, the compliance for basic amenities can
be shown through one or a combination of the following criteria:
 From center of the campus / zone
 From entrance of the campus / zone within a walking distance of 1 km from the building
entrance
 Natural Topography or Vegetation
Minimize disturbances or restore the site so as to reduce long-term negative environmental
impacts, thereby promoting habitat and biodiversity.
 Avoid disturbance to the site by retaining natural topography (and/ or) design vegetated
spaces on the ground, for at least 15% of the site area.

 Restore disturbed site area by designing vegetated spaces over built structures and on the
ground, for at least 30% of the site area (including development footprint).
 Preservation or Transplantation of Trees
Preserve existing fully grown trees and plant new tree saplings, so as to promote habitat and
biodiversity.
Case A: Preservation or Transplantation of Existing Trees
 Preserve or transplant at least 75% of existing fully grown trees within the project site /
campus.
Case B: Plantation of Tree Saplings
 Plant tree saplings that can mature into grown up trees within the next 5 years on the project
site, as per the below criteria (including existing and transplanted trees in the project site).
`
 Heat Island Reduction, Non-roof
Minimize heat island effect so as to reduce negative impact on micro-climate.
 Provide at least 50% of exposed non-roof impervious areas within the project site , Shade
from existing tree cover/ newly planted saplings within 5 to 8 years of planting
 Hardscape materials (including pavers) with SRI of at least 29 (and not higher than 64)

 Heat Island Reduction, Roof
Minimize heat island effect so as to reduce negative impact on micro-climate.
• Use material with a high solar reflective index to cover at least 75% of the exposed roof area,
including covered parking.
 Outdoor Light Pollution Reduction
Reduce light pollution to increase night sky access and enhance the nocturnal environment.
 Upward Lighting:
Design exterior lighting such that no external light fixture emits more than 5% of the
initial designed fixture Lumens, at an angle of 90 degrees or higher from nadir (straight down).
(AND)
 Lighting Power Density:
The lighting power density should be reduced by 30% for building facades and exterior
areas the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010 baselines, Section 9.4.3 - Exterior Building Lighting
(tradable & non-tradable surfaces).
 Universal Design
Ensure that the building design caters to differently abled and senior citizens.
 Design the campus for differently abled and senior citizens in accordance with the
of the National Building Code (NBC) of India 2005

 Provide at least one car park space for the first 100 car park spaces and one additional for
every 250 car park spaces thereafter or as defined by local byelaw
 Easy access to the main entrance of the building.
 Non-slippery ramps, with handrails on at least one side (as applicable).
 Braille and audio assistance in lifts for visually impaired people.
 Seating area near lift lobbies.
 Uniformity in floor level for hindrance-free movement in common areas & exterior areas.
 Restrooms (toilets) in common areas designed for differently abled people.
(Provide at least one restroom in the building or as defined by the local byelaw, in
an easily accessible location)
3.WATER CONSERVATION
 Rainwater Harvesting, Roof & Non-roof
Enhance ground water table and reduce municipal water demand through effective
rainwater management.
 Case A: Rainwater Harvesting, Roof & Non-roof
Design rainwater harvesting system to capture at least ‘one-day rainfall*’ runoff volume
from roof and non-roof areas.
* One-day rainfall can be derived from ‘percentage of average peak month rainfall’
consider an average of at least last 5 years peak month rainfall (of the respective year).

 Case B: High Ground Water Table
• In areas where the Central / State Ground Water Board does not recommend artificial
rain water recharge (or) if the groundwater table is less than 8 meters, the project is
required to provide justification for not implementing rainwater harvesting system.
• Runoff volume = Surface area x Runoff Coefficient x Rainfall

 Water Efficient Plumbing Fixtures
Use water efficient plumbing fixtures (as applicable) whose flow rates meet the baseline criteria
aggregate. The total annual water consumption of the building should not exceed the total
case water consumption
*Reporting pressure for these fixtures shall be at 3 bar.
** Full Time Equivalent (FTE) represents a regular building occupant who spends 8 hours
day in the building. Part-time or overtime occupants have FTE values based on their hours
per day divided by 8.

 Landscape Design
Design landscape to ensure minimum water consumption. Limit use of turf on the site to
conserve water and / or ensure that landscaped area is planted with drought tolerant / native /
adaptive species.
 The landscape here refers to soft landscaping, which includes only pervious vegetation.
• Landscape shall not be designed with monoculture plant species, since such species would
promote habitat and biodiversity.
• Drought tolerant species are those species that do not require supplemental irrigation.
Generally accepted time frame for temporary irrigation is 1 - 2 years.
• Areas planted with turf should not exceed a slope of 25 percent (i.e. 4 to 1 slope).
 Management of Irrigation Systems
Reduce water demand for irrigation through water efficient management systems and
techniques. Provide or install highly efficient irrigation systems incorporating the features
mentioned below
 Central shut-off valve
 Soil moisture sensors integrated with irrigation system
 Turf and each type of bedding area must be segregated into independent zones based on
watering needs
 At least 75% of landscape planting beds must have a drip irrigation system to reduce
evaporation
 Waste Water Treatment and Reuse
Treat waste water generated on-site, so as to avoid polluting the receiving streams by safe
disposal. Use treated waste water, thereby reducing dependence on potable water.

 Waste Water Treatment:
Have an on-site treatment system to handle 100% of waste water generated in the
to the quality standards suitable for reuse, as prescribed by Central (or) State Pollution
Control Board, as applicable.
(And)
 Waste Water Reuse:
Use treated waste water for at least 25% of the total water required for landscaping,
flushing, and cooling tower make-up water .
4.ENERGY EFFICIENCY
 Minimum Energy Efficiency
Optimize energy consumption, to reduce negative environmental impacts from excessive energy
I. Building Envelope:
The project must ensure that the following building envelope measures meet the
baseline criteria as outlined in Annexure - II.(IGBC)
 Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) *
 Window Glazing U-value (only if WWR > 40%) **
 Overall Wall Assembly U-value
 Overall Roof Assembly U-value
*Low SHGC value can be achieved through chajjas or other sun shading devices or efficient
fenestration or a combination of both. For details, refer ECBC section 4.3.3 - Vertical
Fenestration, Exception to ECBC 4.3.3.
• **Compliance for window glazing U-value should be shown only if Window-to-Wall Ratio
(WWR) is more than 40%.
I. Lighting:
The Lighting Power Density (LPD) in the building interior, exterior and parking areas
shall be reduced by minimum 10% over ECBC base case.

I. Air-conditioning Systems:
Projects having air-conditioners (as per criteria the defined for non air-
buildings), shall consider unitary air-conditioners with BEE 3-star rating (or) air-conditioners
a COP equivalent to 3.1 (EER of 10.58), or more.
I. HEATING SYSTEMS:
Projects having more than 150 Heating degree days** (HDD18) shall consider
heating systems in proposed case to meet a base line COP of 2.5 (EER of 8.53), when heat
pumps are installed in the building.
** Degree day: The difference in temperature between the outdoor mean temperature
24 hour period and a given base temperature.
• **Heating degree day base 18oC, (HDD 18): For any one day, when the mean
is less than 18oC, there are as many degree-days as degree centigrade temperature
difference between the mean temperature for the day and 18oC.
 ON SITE RENEWABLE ENERGY
On-site renewable energy generation for at least 2% of total annual lighting energy
consumption of the building (interior & exterior areas). Renewable energy sources include solar
energy, wind power, biomass, etc.
5.BUILDING MATERIALS AND RESOURCES
 Segregation of Waste, Post-occupancy
Facilitate segregation of waste at source to encourage reuse or recycling of materials, thereby
avoiding waste being sent to landfills.
 Building-level Facility
Provide separate bins to collect dry waste (paper, plastic, metals, glass, etc.,) and
waste (organic), at all the floors and common areas of the building, as applicable. Divert the
collected waste to a centralized facility, which is easily accessible for hauling.
(AND)

 Centralized Facility
In addition to dry and wet waste bins, provide separate bins for safe disposal of the
following hazardous waste, at the centralized facility:
Batteries
‘e’ waste
Lamps
Medical waste, if any
 Sustainable Building Materials
Encourage the use of building materials to reduce dependence on materials that have
associated negative environmental impacts.
 Building Reuse:
Ensure at least 50% (by area) of the structural and/or at least 25% (by area) of the non-
structural (interiors) elements of the existing building are retained.
• Building reuse is applicable only to those projects which extend the life of building by
retaining the structural and non-structural (interiors) elements of the existing building
after its life span.
• Structural elements include, columns, beams, floor slabs, exterior walls, structural
glazing, etc.,
• Non-structural (interiors) elements include, interior walls, ceiling, flooring materials,
doors, windows, etc.,
 Reuse of Salvaged Materials:
Ensure at least 2.5% of the total building materials (by cost) used in the building are
salvaged or reused or refurbished.
• Salvaged or reused materials are buildings materials recovered from existing buildings or
construction sites and reused. Common salvaged materials include furniture, doors,
cabinetry, brick and tiles.

• Refurbished materials are products that could have been disposed of as solid waste.
These products have completed their life cycle as consumer items and are then
refurbished for reuse without substantial alteration of their form.
• Refurbishing includes renovating, repairing, restoring, or generally improving the
appearance, performance, quality, functionality, or value of a product.
 Materials with Recycled Content:
Use materials with recycled content in the building (as per owner / developer’s scope)
such that the total recycled content constitutes at least 10% of the total cost of building
materials.
• Recycled Content is the content in a material or product derived from recycled
materials versus virgin materials. Recycled content can be materials from recycling
programs (post-consumer) or waste materials from the production process or an
industrial/agricultural source (pre-consumer or post-industrial).
• Materials (with recycled content) that are certified by CII under Green Product
Certification Programme (GreenPro) or by a third party agency approved by IGBC can be
used.
 Local Materials:
Ensure at least 20% of the total building materials (by cost) used in the building are
manufactured locally within a distance of 400 km.
 Organic Waste Management
Ensure effective organic waste management, so as to avoid domestic waste being sent to
landfills and to improve sanitation and health.
• on-site waste treatment system for handling at least 50% of the organic (kitchen) waste
generated in the building
• For calculation, food waste can be considered as 0.1 kg per person per day (i.e. 0.1 kg/
person/ day) or as prescribed by the local byelaw, whichever is more stringent.

 Use of Certified Green Building Materials, Products & Equipment
Ensure that the project uses at least five passive or active green building materials, products,
equipment that are certified by CII under Green Product Certification Programme (GreenPro) or
by a third party agency approved by IGBC.
 Passive Products & Materials include glazing, insulation, paints & coatings, adhesives &
sealants, flyash blocks, cement, concrete, composite wood, certified new wood,
chemicals, false ceiling materials, flooring materials, furniture, gypsum based products, high
reflective materials & coatings, etc.,
 Active Products include Electrical systems (Lighting Systems & Controls, Pumps & Motors,
etc.,), Mechanical systems (unitary air conditioners, etc.,), Plumbing Fixtures (faucets,
etc.,)
6. INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
 Minimum Fresh Air Ventilation
Provide adequate outdoor air ventilation, so as to avoid pollutants affecting indoor air
quality.
 Case A: Mechanically Ventilated Spaces
Demonstrate that the fresh air ventilation in all regularly occupied areas to meet the
minimum ventilation rates, as prescribed in ASHRAE Standard 62.1 - 2010.
• Projects with unitary air conditioning system catering less than 10% of the total
regularly occupied area can show compliance for minimum fresh air ventilation
through the criteria defined for Non Air-conditioned Spaces.
 Case B: Non Air-conditioned Spaces
Provide operable windows and / or Doors to the exteriors, in all regularly occupied
areas, such that the
operable area is designed to
meet the criteria as outlined
in the Table - 9 below:

 Day Lighting
Ensure connectivity between the interior and the exterior environment, by providing adequate
daylighting
• Demonstrate through daylight illuminance measurement that 75% of the regularly
occupied spaces in the building achieve daylight illuminance levels for a minimum of
Lux.
 Low-emitting Materials
Encourage use of materials and systems with low VOC emissions, so as to reduce adverse
impacts on building occupants
 Paints & Coatings:
Use paints and coatings (including
primers) with low or no VOC content (as
specified in Table-10 given below) for
95% of interior wall and ceiling surface area
 Adhesives:
For adhesives used within the interiors, ensure that the VOC content does not
the limits as specified in Table-11 given below.

 Indoor Air Quality Testing, After Construction
After construction and prior to occupancy, conduct baseline IAQ testing using testing protocols
consistent with the ISO method (listed below in Table 13) and demonstrate that the maximum
concentration levels of contaminants are not exceeded, as listed below in Table 13, in all
regularly occupied areas and common areas.
REFERENCE
 INDIAN GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL –IGBC

REFERENCE
 INDIAN GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL –IGBC

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