This is the presentation 'A KM journey with no fixed destination' I will be giving to the KM Legal 2014 conference in which I will draw on many years undertaking global KM assignments. I will discuss 3 learning's around Space, Stories and Structure and give examples.
3. slide 3
agenda
a km journey with no fixed destination
My journey
Ce sont des moments forts
3 learning‟s
Space
Stories
Structure
A view of the future
Scenarios for 2020
5. Ce sont des moments forts
slide 5a km journey with no fixed destination
6. 1980s & before 1990s 2000s -
ICT 1980 first hard drive disc for
computers
1980 IBM PC, MS-DOS, floppy discs
1982 Lotus Notes
1984 „cyberspace‟ term invented by
sci fi writer William Gibson
1990 World wide web
1991 Linux
1994 Yahoo
1996 Google research project
search / taxonomy
end user navigation tools, shared drives
Intranets & Extranets
EDRM strategies in major institutions, arrival of
Sharepoint
Web 2.0 tools /rise in social media (facebook,
twitter)
Concept of 0pensource starts to take hold
VOIP / Wireless / Mobile communications
Nomadic, distributed workforces responding to and
making demands of ICT
Knowledge 1966 Peter Drucker first coins term
knowledge economy and knowledge
worker
1989 fall of Berlin Wall signals new
attitudes to knowledge transfer out
or research and into the
marketplace
1991 KM established as a discipline with
Nonaka‟s book on “The Knowledge Creating
Company”
1992 Lave & Wenger write about
communities of practice
1996 Knowledge subscription service:
Anderson Consulting
1997 Tom Stewart writes “Intellectual
Capital, the Wealth of Nations”
World Bank experiment with the use of
narrative, communities and networks
World Bank 4 pillars of a knowledge economy
(new technologies, human capital,
enterprise, innovation)
2000–2002 ADB, SDC, IDB develop first and second
generation knowledge and learning strategies
2001 “Learning to fly” by Collison and Parcell
2008/9 ADB investing in legacy story and narrative
practice as core component of knowledge strategy
and embedding into 2020 organisation strategy
2009 first formal evaluation of SDC knowledge
strategy
KM 3.0 emerging, responding to ICT changes and
taking on lessons of first 10 - 15 years
Credit crunch and new forms of organisational
structure challenge assumptions about relevant
knowledge & processes
Paul J
Corney
Working in finance, sets up Islamic
Development Bank disbursement
process in 1981, running oil & gas
portfolio for Saudi International
Bank
Learn to type own visit reports
1994 Creates early stage intranet using Verity
search and Adobe OCR technology
1995 Senior Manager KM of consortium bank
1998 Vice President Zurich Re with mandate
to build knowledge into risk process.
1999 Knowledge Audit and km strategy for
Schroder's Merchant Bank
Knowledge and information frameworks, plans and
assessments for BMS Group, Islamic Development
Bank, Caribbean Development Bank.
Storytelling and narrative as key components of
knowledge strategy for DEZA and ADB.
Mission to Darfur to see how a KM strategy might be
grounded in the lessons of a humanitarian crisis
Knowledge Capture & Retention programme for HMRC
7. 1980s & before 1990s 2000s -
ICT 1980 first hard drive disc for
computers
1980 IBM PC, MS-DOS, floppy discs
1982 Lotus Notes
1984 „cyberspace‟ term invented by
sci fi writer William Gibson
1990 World wide web
1994 Yahoo
1996 Google research project
search / taxonomy
end user navigation tools
shared drives
Intranets & Extranets
EDRM strategies in major institutions, arrival of
Sharepoint
Web 2.0 tools /rise in social media (facebook,
twitter)
Concept of 0pensource starts to take hold
VOIP / Wireless / Mobile communications
Nomadic, distributed workforces responding to and
making demands of ICT
Knowledge 1966 Peter Drucker first coins term
knowledge economy and knowledge
worker
1989 fall of Berlin Wall signals new
attitudes to knowledge transfer out
or research and into the
marketplace
1991 KM established as a discipline with
Nonaka‟s book on “The Knowledge Creating
Company”
1992 Lave & Wenger write about
communities of practice
1996 Knowledge subscription service:
Anderson Consulting
1997 Tom Stewart writes “Intellectual
Capital, the Wealth of Nations”
World Bank experiment with the use of
narrative, communities and networks
World Bank 4 pillars of a knowledge economy
(new technologies, human capital,
enterprise, innovation)
2000–2002 ADB, SDC, IDB develop first and second
generation knowledge and learning strategies
2001 “Learning to fly” by Collison and Parcell
2008/9 ADB investing in legacy story and narrative
practice as core component of knowledge strategy
and embedding into 2020 organisation strategy
2009 first formal evaluation of SDC knowledge
strategy
KM 3.0 emerging, responding to ICT changes and
taking on lessons of first 10 - 15 years
Credit crunch and new forms of organisational
structure challenge assumptions about relevant
knowledge & processes
Paul J
Corney
Working in finance, sets up Islamic
Development Bank disbursement
process in 1981, running oil & gas
portfolio for Saudi International
Bank
Learn to type own visit reports
1994 Creates early stage intranet using Verity
search and Adobe OCR technology
1995 Senior Manager KM of consortium bank
1998 Vice President Zurich Re with mandate
to build knowledge into risk process.
1999 Knowledge Audit and km strategy for
Schroder's Merchant Bank
Knowledge and information frameworks, plans and
assessments for BMS Group, Islamic Development
Bank, Caribbean Development Bank.
Storytelling and narrative as key components of
knowledge strategy for DEZA and ADB.
Mission to Darfur to see how a KM strategy might be
grounded in the lessons of a humanitarian crisis
Knowledge Capture & Retention programme for HMRC
8. Information & Knowledge Management 1994
slide 8
the information and knowledge world…
• arrival of disintermediated search
• growth of end user search tools (MAID Profound)
• MAID announces zero connect charges (1993)
• monetizing of content
• early stage clippings services via the desktop (ESMERK)
• tagging of content seen as important to augment search
• taxonomy enters KM lexicon
„Getting information off
the Internet is like taking
a drink from a fire
hydrant.‟
a km journey with no fixed destination
9. why Knowledge Management (1994)
slide 9
a one screen view…
„…when clients call me I want to know
at a glance what we know about
it, specifically:
• whether we have spoken to the client
about it, who did it and what was said?
• what is being said about it in the
outside world and who are the leaders
in …..and funding them?
• what our exposure to the client is?‟
a km journey with no fixed destination
10. 1980s & before 1990s 2000s -
ICT 1980 first hard drive disc for
computers
1980 IBM PC, MS-DOS, floppy discs
1982 Lotus Notes
1984 „cyberspace‟ term invented by
sci fi writer William Gibson
1990 World wide web
1994 Yahoo
1996 Google research project
search / taxonomy
end user navigation tools
shared drives
Intranets & Extranets
EDRM strategies in major institutions, arrival of
Sharepoint
Web 2.0 tools /rise in social media (facebook,
twitter)
Concept of 0pensource starts to take hold
VOIP / Wireless / Mobile communications
Nomadic, distributed workforces responding to and
making demands of ICT
Knowledge 1966 Peter Drucker first coins term
knowledge economy and knowledge
worker
1989 fall of Berlin Wall signals new
attitudes to knowledge transfer out
or research and into the
marketplace
1991 KM established as a discipline with
Nonaka‟s book on “The Knowledge Creating
Company”
1992 Lave & Wenger write about
communities of practice
1996 Knowledge subscription service:
Anderson Consulting
1997 Tom Stewart writes “Intellectual
Capital, the Wealth of Nations”
World Bank experiment with the use of
narrative, communities and networks
World Bank 4 pillars of a knowledge economy
(new technologies, human capital,
enterprise, innovation)
2000–2002 ADB, SDC, IDB develop first and second
generation knowledge and learning strategies
2001 “Learning to fly” by Collison and Parcell
2008/9 ADB investing in legacy story and narrative
practice as core component of knowledge strategy
and embedding into 2020 organisation strategy
2009 first formal evaluation of SDC knowledge
strategy
KM 3.0 emerging, responding to ICT changes and
taking on lessons of first 10 - 15 years
Credit crunch and new forms of organisational
structure challenge assumptions about relevant
knowledge & processes
Paul J
Corney
Working in finance, sets up Islamic
Development Bank disbursement
process in 1981, running oil & gas
portfolio for Saudi International
Bank
1994 Creates early stage intranet using Verity
search and Adobe OCR technology
1995 Senior Manager KM of consortium bank
1998 Vice President Zurich Re with mandate
to build knowledge into risk process.
1999 Knowledge Audit and km strategy for
Schroder's Merchant Bank
Knowledge and information frameworks, plans and
assessments for BMS Group, Islamic Development
Bank, Caribbean Development Bank.
Storytelling and narrative as key components of
knowledge strategy for DEZA and ADB.
Mission to Darfur to see how a KM strategy might be
grounded in the lessons of a humanitarian crisis
Knowledge Capture & Retention programme for HMRC
11. why Knowledge Management (2001)
Audit identifies key information and knowledge
needs
Attack on World Trade Center leads to formation of
knowledge steering committee led by CEO
Intranet 1.0 & policies for document and records
management
Intranet 2.0 “BMS Today” designed with staff and
launched together with new website using same
content management system
3-year quali-quant review, including benchmarking
Knowledge hub created in new office
Launch of discussion forums, blogs, publishing
matrix and new search
Learning and sharing events for collaboration
Cultural alignment with business restructuring
12. 1980s & before 1990s 2000s -
ICT 1980 first hard drive disc for
computers
1980 IBM PC, MS-DOS, floppy discs
1982 Lotus Notes
1984 „cyberspace‟ term invented by
sci fi writer William Gibson
1990 World wide web
1994 Yahoo
1996 Google research project
search / taxonomy
end user navigation tools
shared drives
Intranets & Extranets
EDRM strategies in major institutions, arrival of
Sharepoint
Web 2.0 tools /rise in social media (facebook,
twitter)
Concept of 0pensource starts to take hold
VOIP / Wireless / Mobile communications
Nomadic, distributed workforces responding to and
making demands of ICT
Knowledge 1966 Peter Drucker first coins term
knowledge economy and knowledge
worker
1989 fall of Berlin Wall signals new
attitudes to knowledge transfer out
or research and into the
marketplace
1991 KM established as a discipline with
Nonaka‟s book on “The Knowledge Creating
Company”
1992 Lave & Wenger write about
communities of practice
1996 Knowledge subscription service:
Anderson Consulting
1997 Tom Stewart writes “Intellectual
Capital, the Wealth of Nations”
World Bank experiment with the use of
narrative, communities and networks
World Bank 4 pillars of a knowledge economy
(new technologies, human capital,
enterprise, innovation)
2000–2002 ADB, SDC, IDB develop first and second
generation knowledge and learning strategies
2001 “Learning to fly” by Collison and Parcell
2008/9 ADB investing in legacy story and narrative
practice as core component of knowledge strategy
and embedding into 2020 organisation strategy
2009 first formal evaluation of SDC knowledge
strategy
KM 3.0 emerging, responding to ICT changes and
taking on lessons of first 10 - 15 years
Credit crunch and new forms of organisational
structure challenge assumptions about relevant
knowledge & processes
Paul J
Corney
Working in finance, sets up Islamic
Development Bank disbursement
process in 1981, running oil & gas
portfolio for Saudi International
Bank
1994 Creates early stage intranet using Verity
search and Adobe OCR technology
1995 Senior Manager KM of consortium bank
1998 Vice President Zurich Re with mandate
to build knowledge into risk process.
1999 Knowledge Audit and km strategy for
Schroder's Merchant Bank
Knowledge and information frameworks, plans and
assessments for BMS Group, Islamic Development
Bank, Caribbean Development Bank.
Storytelling and narrative as key components of
knowledge strategy for DEZA and ADB.
Mission to Darfur to see how a KM strategy might be
grounded in the lessons of a humanitarian crisis
Knowledge Capture & Retention programme for HMRC
13. Sparknow
1. Identify themes and areas of enquiry
2. Find Interviewees & invite / brief them
3. Conduct Interviews
4. Debrief Interviews & send for transcription
5. Drop Interviews into narrative database, index & keyword, extract and
catalogue fragments
a. Identify possible gaps, people to interview and repeat
b. Identify found sounds & images from missions that can extend
collection
6. Synthesise fragments into textured collections, write field notes that
shape collection
7. Identify areas of work the collection can do (Teaching PPT, Photo essay,
Essay, Pod cast etc) & whether you can use a template
8. Create “wrapped” mini-collections including book
A living archive: 8 step process
why Knowledge
Management (2010)
18. virtual (collaboration) space: legal
perspective
slide 18
“Historically law firms have been slow to
innovate with their web presences and
digital marketing as their business
generation is often led by existing
relationships and word of mouth. But
changing client behaviours such as the
increasing use of mobile devices at a time
when many businesses are reviewing all
costs and suppliers mean that these
orthodoxies are being challenged.
“Law firms rightly spend a lot of time
thinking about the first impression created
by their office spaces, but seemingly less
about the impression their websites give.
We have spoken to a number of marketing
departments at major firms who feel
frustrated by the lack of internal support for
digital initiatives.”
a km journey with no fixed destination
Source: http://clients.lastexitlondon.com/benchmark-law!rms-press/
19. slide 19
virtual
(collaboration) space:
a km journey with no fixed destination
„…make it personal, make it
clear, and make it easy‟
Source: John Stepper, Deutsche Bank on Jive
implementation
activity stream, content, people, places &
apps, blogs
find people and expertise box on the homepage
custom stream on homepage allows user to
filter what he doesn't want to see
trending content
rich user profile: pulled from other systems?
rich profiles includes endorsements as seen on
LinkedIn
search goes inside of documents, can be as
broad or as specific as the user wants it
content can be tagged as official or final so
that people know it's a final version
popular tags
21. stories, objects & timelines
slide 21a km journey with no fixed destination
22. slide 22
HIPPO‟s make them interested….
Remember the HIPPO –
Highest Paid Person‟s Opinion -
make them interested by
telling them:
• in a way they would
understand
• in the limited time they
have available
a km journey with no fixed destination
source: Phil Hill
23. slide 23
Jade‟s Story
Jade Thompson is 35 and has
worked in the London Insurance
Market for 14 years. She has
agreed to join as a senior
underwriter, moving on from one
of the big Insurance Companies.
She wants to work for a company
that really supports her initiative
and drive – not one that swaddles
her in red tape.
source: one of a set of scenarios developed for BMS Group by Sparknow LLP
a km journey with no fixed destination
24. slide 24
Jade‟s Story
The week before Jade joins, she receives at
home a package from her new employer
Inside she finds an iPad etched with a
Corporate logo and the slogan:
“Using clever technology”
There‟s an iPhone, also with a corporate
logo and her name engraved on the back
She reads the attached note, welcoming her
to the company and giving her the logon and
password information she needs to use the
equipment. “Wow!” she says to herself,
“this is great – they really know how to
make you feel special.”
a km journey with no fixed destination
25. slide 25
Jade‟s Story
Monday morning arrives. She comes
into the office with her iPhone and
iPad. She meets HR to cover the final
detail – an unusually brief session
HR point out that her iPad contains a
map of each of the group‟s offices and
a directory of all staff, including
photos, biographies and locations.
She shouldn‟t get lost and find who
knows what.
This information is provided by the
office WiFi to which her phone and
tablet connect automatically.
a km journey with no fixed destination
26. slide 26
Jade‟s Story – what we proposed
Internet/Intranet/Extranet support
Central Information Library
Content management Strategy
Sales management process
E-Files, and paper file vault
Mobile core information provision, including electronic
brochures
Revised Induction strategy and delivery
Tablet strategy
Effective Content management System
Customer relationship management system
Integrated Internet/Intranet/Extranet, Including blog
Multimedia file support, including video
a km journey with no fixed destination
27. „imagine an organization where…‟
slide 27
…not just „I‟m taking it to senior management‟ but it comes
back from senior management.
…when I arrived I was helped to find my feet quickly and
supported in contributing to my full potential….
…I know when people are going on a business trip and
get the chance to chip in and help, and I hear all about it when
they get back….
…I know how to search for what I need and can find it quickly in
databases and save the harder questions to approach colleagues
about…..
…I am aware of what others in the company are doing and how
they have done it…
source: Sparknow LLP assignment in the Caribbean
a km journey with no fixed destination
30. importance of
context: scope &
critical knowledge
slide 30a km journey with no fixed destination
Knowledge Audits
Knowledge Capture
Knowledge Strategies
31. 31
importance of a process
3. Share
2. Store
1. Capture
5.
Harvest
6.Best
eKnowledge
8. Measure
7. Best
eXperts
/ C of P
9.
Maintain/
Improve
9 Step KM Process
4.
Collaborate
slide 31a km journey with no fixed destination
Source: Knowledge Associates Source: knowledge et al / Sparknow
32. importance of checklists in KM: „DEBRIEFS‟
slide 32
Design: A good agenda agreed to in advance with a specified end sent to the
right people.
Environment: If this is wrong you are starting from a negative place.
Briefing: The set up is vital – the key players need to commit to being there
and to understand what the objectives of the session are.
Roles: Make sure people know why they are there and what‟s expected of
them.
Intuition: if you are facilitating, trust your judgment and be flexible and
willing to go down different pathways; expect the unexpected!
Engagement: Be appreciative and encourage laughter. When people laugh
they relax and are engaged, when people relax they are often creative, and
when people are creative things happen.
Food and Beverages: They lubricate the tongue and act as a natural break.
Silence: Don‟t be afraid to let it hang when you are getting to an
uncomfortable moment.
a km journey with no fixed destination
33. importance of KM prompts: capturing
slide 33a km journey with no fixed destination
34. importance of tags and metadata
slide 34a km journey with no fixed destination
35. And so to the future, a fourth ‘S’: scenarios for 2020
slide 35a km journey with no fixed destination
36. slide 36
towards 2020 „bumps and detours‟
a question of trust in:
Content: „testimonials are king‟
Search: „Right to be forgotten‟
Security: „…wide open to abuse‟
Source: „Referrals from people you follow‟
Source: Digital Workplace in the Connected Organisation
Jane McConnell
a km journey with no fixed destination
37. slide 37
towards 2020 „bumps and detours‟
a km journey with no fixed destination
1990‟s 2000‟s 2010‟s
2020‟s?
38. slide 38
towards 2020 „bumps and detours‟
a km journey with no fixed destination
„Community matters…‟
“From lawyers and young marketing managers in large consumer
good companies, the search for purpose is everywhere.”
39. slide 39
towards 2020 „bumps and detours‟
a km journey with no fixed destination
…„a world where connectivity is king‟
40. slide 40a km journey with no fixed destination
…„a world where connectivity is king: the rise of Africa?‟
41. 41
another Knowledge Management definition
Houses used to have each room
heated by a fire
Then we discovered radiators.
And we needed plumbing.
‘…effective Knowledge Management is the organisational plumbing.’
a km journey with no fixed destination slide 41
42. slide 42
and one on Social Media
a km journey with no fixed destination
Source: Jaap Pells
43. „my advice to you‟
„…apply knowledge management where you want the corporate
strength to be‟
AON km head
„…never underestimate the importance of dialogue‟
DBSA km manager
„…use km to put the whole practitioner knowledge of the organisation
at the service of the individual‟
PWC km head
„…use the unique insight of new joiners as they experience knowledge
flows for the first time‟
author of Learning to Fly
„…don‟t boil the ocean, focus on two to three key business issues‟
Gartner research former CKO
„…remember the three S‟s: Space; Stories & Structure…‟
Paul J Corney
slide 43a km journey with no fixed destination
44. slide 44
A few of the KM people I‟ve learned from
and have enjoyed working with!
Stephen Arnold
Madelyn Blair
Lee Bryant
Shawn Callahan
Chris Collison
David Gurteen
Phil Hill
Clive Holtham
Patrick Lambe
Ana Neves
Victoria Ward
Martin White
Nancy White
Ron Young
a km journey with no fixed destination
46. slide 46
Dear Paul, my 3 „takeaway‟s‟ from
today are:
1. ------------------------------------
1. ------------------------------------
1. ------------------------------------
Photo by P J Corney of Avenida de Liberdade Lisboa
a km journey with no fixed destination
47. a few references
slide 47
Doctor Anwar and making use of what he and others know in Sudan
http://www.knowledgeetal.com/?p=533
The Management of Virtual
Teamshttp://www.intranetfocus.com/archives/742
Space report
http://www.scribd.com/doc/151034866/When-Space-Matters-a-
report-on-what-works-and-what-doesn-t-in-workspace-design
Web Meeting tools
http://www.kstoolkit.org/WebMeeting+Tools
Using Timelines when Siberia and Bangkok meet: conducting a cross
cultural debrief http://www.knowledgeetal.com/?m=201305
Why co-creation is the future for us all
http://www.forbes.com/sites/ashoka/2014/02/04/why-co-creation-
is-the-future-for-all-of-us/2/
A different way to acquire lessons learned in Knowledge Management
http://www.apqc.org/blog/different-way-acquire-lessons-learned-
knowledge-management
a km journey with no fixed destination
Notes de l'éditeur
This story is an 'alleged' transcript of an actual radio conversation between a US naval ship and Canadian maritime contact off the coast of Newfoundland in October 1995. Americans: Please divert your course 15 degrees North to avoid a collision.Canadians: Recommend you divert YOUR course 15 degrees South to avoid collision.Americans: This is the captain of a US navy ship; I say again divert your course.Canadians: No. I say again, you divert YOUR course.Americans: THIS IS THE AIRCRAFT CARRIER USS LINCOLN, THE SECOND LARGEST SHIP IN THE UNITED STATES' ATLANTIC FLEET. WE ARE ACCOMPANIED BY THREE DESTROYERS, THREE CRUISERS AND NUMEROUS SUPPORT VESSELS. I DEMAND THAT YOU CHANGE YOUR COURSE 15 DEGREES NORTH, THAT'S ONE FIVE DEGREES NORTH, OR COUNTER-MEASURES WILL BE UNDERTAKEN TO ENSURE THE SAFETY OF THIS SHIP.Canadians: We are a lighthouse; your call.(This story is a lesson in making wrong assumptions - especially where an obstacle is misinterpreted to be movable, when in fact it is not.
Back Casting using a timeline
“To motivate people to switch from a traditional way of communicating and working, it isnecessary they feel confident with myDB; to help them to feel the bank allows staff thetime to experiment for themselves. It is by working on the platform - not just by talkingabout it - that colleagues can build their social confidence and start doing great work onthis new environment. We help them to get the first experience themselves. Instead ofusttrying to explain them all the changes and possibilities, we let them put their handson these tools.
Obtain agreement from the Group board, made up entirely of Insurance practitioners, to develop and implement a complex set of business and technical solutions that provided the technical and processing environment that would support the CEO’s vision for the future.
Jade switches on the iPad and logs on as instructed. There‘s an icon on the first screen, “Welcome”. Touching the icon starts a video of the CEO welcoming her to the company. Various members of the board and HR provide insights into BMS and what she might expect in her first few days. There is also a pointer to other information on the iPad, such as all aspects of the induction procedure including the standard health and safety video. Thrilling, she thinks to herself.
Back Casting using a timeline
This is the ‘future story’ that we developed working with people during the diagnostic and testing phases. We invited people to wind forward a year and imagine a organization with a successful KM implementation: what would it look and feel like, what would be going on? These are some of the responses people offered.
Back Casting using a timeline
Jane McConnell gave a keynote about the findings in her new Digital Workplace in the Connected Organisation report fir 2014. The findings on the use of search remain very concerning given that they are based on 314 responses from a wide range of organisations and therefore are probably representative of the overall situation.The headlines after over 20 years since the release of Verity (arguably the prototypical enterprise search application) includeOnly 25% of respondents have implemented enterprise searchJust 11% of respondents are ‘Very Satisfied’ with searchInformation quality, poor user interface design and insufficient resources are all significant reasons for search dissatisfactionIn only 20% of cases are business departments involved in search management and only 58% take the trouble to review search logs
Trip Advisor – testimonials are king!Who ever looks at Page 3 of the results section on Google? But EU fires a warning shot:Backers of the "right to be forgotten" are celebrating this ruling. EU Commissioner Viviane Reding has called it "a clear victory for the protection of personal data of Europeans".But the judgement could have huge consequences for anyone who publishes material online about individuals, and they will urgently be asking their lawyers exactly what it means.Can anyone who does not like an old story about them simply demand that it is wiped away? That does appear to be the case - the ruling says the rights of the individual are paramount when it comes to their control over their personal data, although there is a public interest defence when it comes to people in public life.Google, having won at earlier stages of this legal battle, is both surprised and furious at this outcome. But it isn't clear that the search firm can do anything about it.But as the ad shows many people are leaving themselves wide openTrusted sources are the most important. Followers on LinkedIn – a referral from a Trusted Source
Trace evolution from brochure ware sites to collaboration platforms
Internet.orgis a global partnership between technology leaders, nonprofits, local communities and experts who are working together to bring the Internet to the two thirds of the world’s population that doesn’t have it.
Even at a few bucks a transaction, Africa’s so-called “mobile money” market is huge, topping $61 billion in 2012—greater than the amount of money sent via mobile in Europe and North America combined, according to GartnerPerfected there, copied here?