- Infrastructure and construction spending is a major focus in the USA and globally as governments look to repair aging infrastructure and boost economic growth. The document discusses trends in infrastructure spending by various countries and organizations like the World Bank and IMF. - It also covers the large proposed infrastructure package by the Biden administration in the USA as well as ongoing challenges around supply chain issues, rising costs, and other factors impacting infrastructure projects. New technologies and strategies will be important for addressing sustainability and climate-related risks to infrastructure assets and supply chains.

1. INFRASTRUCTURE AND
CONSTRUCTION
SPENDING – USA AND THE
WORLD
Paul Young CPA CGA
September 2, 2022

2. PAUL YOUNG - BIO
• CPA, CGA (1996)
• Academia (PF1, FA4, FN2, MU1. and MS2)
• SME – Customer Success Management
• SME – Risk Management
• SME – Close, Consolidate and Reporting
• SME – Public Policy
• SME – Emerging Technology
• SME – Business Process Change
• SME – Financial Solutions
• SME – Macro/Micro Indicators
• SME – Supply Chain Management
• SME – Data, AI, Security, and Platform
• SME – Internal Controls and Auditing
Contact information email: Paul_Young_CGA@hotmail.com
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/paul-young-055632b/
SlideShare - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga
Twitter: https://twitter.com/paulyoungcpa
Youtube - https://www.youtube.com/user/youngercga1968/videos

3. AGENDA
• Global Infrastructure / Roads
• World Bank Infrastructure
• IMF/Infrastructure
• China and Infrastructure
• Historical Infrastructure Spending / USA
• New Infrastructure spending / Biden
• Infrastructure GAP/United States
• Building Permits / January 2021
• Taxation / Hikes
• Supply Chain Management
• USA port expansion
• Supply Chain Risks
• Energy Crisis
• Summary
• Training /Development links
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 3

4. WE FORUM / FOCUS OF INFRASTRUCTURE
Source - https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/01/four-big-infrastructure-trends-for-2021/
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 4

5. GLOBAL INFRASTRUCTURE – ROAD
INFRASTRUCTURE
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 5
Source - https://www.nationmaster.com/nmx/ranking/road-infrastructure-spending

6. WORLD
INFRASTRUCTU
RE SPENDING
• Source -
https://documents.worldbank.org/
en/publication/documents-
reports/documentdetail/97057154
9037261080/hitting-the-trillion-
mark-a-look-at-how-much-
countries-are-spending-on-
infrastructure or
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/
2019/04/infrastructure-gap-heres-
how-to-solve-it/
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 6

7. IMF / INFRASTRUCTURE
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 7
Source - https://www.imf.org/external/np/g20/111920.htm

8. CHINA AND GLOBAL INFRASTRUCTURE
• China continues to build and finance infrastructure projects in Africa - http://www.sais-cari.org/data-
chinese-contracts-in-africa
• China and the Belt Road - https://www.constructionglobal.com/construction-projects/china-belt-and-road-
initiative-spending-hit-pandemic
• China and developing countries / loans - https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-emerging-
debt/database-reveals-secrets-of-chinas-loans-to-developing-nations-says-study-idUSKBN2BN0EY
• China and supply chain - https://www.arabnews.com/node/1418636/business-economy
• NATO and China’s control of transportation routes -
https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2021/03/04/nato-grapples-with-grasping-chinas-
transportation-clout-in-europe/
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 8

9. HISTORICAL USA INFRASTRUCTURE
SPENDING
Source - https://www.spglobal.com/en/research-insights/featured/infrastructure-
productivity-boost-coronavirus
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 9

10. NEW INFRASTRUCTURE SPENDING /
BIDEN
Source -
PRESENTATIOhttps://www.cnbc.com/2021/03/31/biden-infrastructure-plan-includes-corporate-tax-hike-transportation-spending.htmlN
TITLE
2/11/20XX 10

11. INFRASTRUCTURE GAP / UNITED STATES
Source - https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/reimagining-infrastructure-in-the-united-states-how-to-build-
better#
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 11

12. BUILDING PERMITS/ UNITED STATES
Source - https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/reimagining-infrastructure-in-the-united-states-how-to-build-
better#
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 12

13. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE
Source - https://www.pgpf.org/blog/2020/06/state-and-local-infrastructure-spending-a-closer-look
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 13

14. TAXATION ISSUES / USA GOVERNMENT
• Hikes to property, sales, and other taxes - https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-
analysis/blogs/stateline/2020/07/17/tax-hikes-in-a-pandemic-some-states-cities-say-yes
• Connecticut, Idaho, Massachusetts and Vermont have enacted or are pursuing budgets without tax increases.
The circumstances in each state are different. Idaho did not experience the budget shortfalls that virtually all
states faced in 2020 and in-fact experienced healthy second quarter 2020 growth in both personal income tax and
sales and use taxes over the same quarter last year. Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont took advantage of
significant rainy day funds to avoid tax increases. Many states will look to rainy day funds to trim anticipated
deficits, although many states have already used up their reserves throughout 2020. While the results in these
states look promising in terms of avoiding tax increases, they may not be typical.https://rsmus.com/what-we-
do/services/tax/state-and-local-tax/income-and-franchise/some-states-appear-to-hold-the-line-on-taxes-most-
wont.html
• There is little doubt that legislators will introduce an unprecedented amount of proposed tax laws in the coming
year. Given the states dire fiscal conditions, many proposals to raise taxes will be enacted. Businesses ignoring
the legislative process until laws are passed run risks. They will miss the opportunity to influence legislative
outcomes. They will also lose precious time in planning to deal with change. But closely following the legislative
process presents many opportunities. Companies can influence legislation. They can also begin planning for what
might be a very different tax environment. The RSM State and Local Tax Team encourages the business
community to tax the latter approach.-Sales Tax – Source - https://taxfoundation.org/2021-sales-taxes/ or
https://rsmus.com/what-we-do/services/tax/state-and-local-tax/income-and-franchise/state-tax-changes-are-
coming-be-prepared.html
• Would the USA introduce a national sales tax? - https://www.taxpolicycenter.org/briefing-book/what-would-tax-
rate-be-under-national-retail-sales-tax
• Property taxes - https://www.mansionglobal.com/articles/which-u-s-states-have-seen-the-biggest-property-tax-
hikes-in-recent-years-200735
• Biden tax policies - https://www.taxpolicycenter.org/taxvox/biden-follows-through-his-campaign-promise-big-tax-
hikes-us-corporations
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 14

15. SUPPLY CHAIN
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 15
Blog – How best to manage your supply chain.
1. Large container ships and emissions - https://www.bloombergquint.com/gadfly/huge-container-ships-biggest-problem-is-emissions
2. Port productivity - https://www.joc.com/port-news/us-ports/tpm21-one%E2%80%99s-nixon-says-us-port-productivity-gaps-mean-
congestion-months_20210302.html
3. Nearshoring - https://investmentmonitor.ai/manufacturing/think-nearshoring-will-bring-back-us-manufacturing-jobs-think-again/
Countries need to be more competitive with their policies in areas of taxation, environment, and other regulatory areas.
4. Data and AI will play a bigger role as part of supply chain management -
https://www.scmr.com/article/the_future_of_supply_chain_management_is_ai_and_data
5. Ability of canal systems to handle the flow of goods - https://www.agcs.allianz.com/news-and-insights/expert-risk-articles/suez-canal-
mega-ships.html
6. Moving supply chain areas from China to manufacturers as part of moving away from China influence - https://www.news-
press.com/story/opinion/2021/03/15/bring-critical-supply-chains-home-biden-china-mineral-markets/4692255001/
7. Standardized ESG reporting including rankings in areas like human rights or environment or other areas -
https://ibm.box.com/s/vmyitcackqevvm1hcxv7wke6gudrpnce
8. Development of new logistic projects like one belt road - https://fortune.com/2021/03/24/china-belt-road-initiative-soft-power/
9. Costs of moving freights - https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/fbx-index-looking-forward-3/
10. Global inflation - https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-03-11/inflation-is-already-creeping-into-some-corners-of-the-world
Here is my work on the supply chain - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/how-to-better-manage-your-supply-chain

16. USA PORT EXPANSION / SUPPLY CHAIN
INVESTMENTS
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 16
1. Expansion of the Port of Houston - https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/port-of-houston-busiest-
us-port-in-tonnage-as-expansion-continues
2. Port expansions - https://www.globaltrademag.com/americas-expanding-ports-ports-investing-to-
improve-their-market-share/
3. Four new natural gas pipelines - https://oilprice.com/Latest-Energy-News/World-News/Four-New-
Natural-Gas-Pipelines-Come-Online-In-The-US.html
4. Oil Pipelines - https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=44056
5. BNSF - https://www.freightwaves.com/news/bnsf-outlines-3-billion-capital-investment-budget-for-2021
6. USA Railroads - https://www.up.com/customers/track-record/tr090820-us-rail-envy-of-the-world.htm

17. SUPPLY CHAIN RISKS
Here is my work on supply chain -
https://ibm.box.com/s/63aqf8jo004v2bo5f8cf6eppgglhbvs5
Supply Chain Disruption / Suez
The Suez Canal is the latest example of how both the public and
private sectors need to embrace crisis management including having
their crisis management report audited every year.
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/how-to-better-manage-
geopolitical-events
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 17
Source - https://supplychaingamechanger.com/top-10-
global-supply-chain-risks/

18. MONITORING OF INFRASTRUCTURE
ASSETS
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 18
Blog – How best to Identify Climate Risks with Portfolios - https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/blog-how-best-identify-climate-
risks-portfolios-paul-young/?published=t
What is climate risk and stress testing?
The European Central Bank is stress testing the broader economy to assess the economic risk of climate change
three decades into the future, the bank's vice president said on Thursday.
While full results of the test, which includes four million companies worldwide and almost all euro zone banks,
will be published in mid-2021, early results show there is a clear benefit to early action, Luis de Guindos said.
Source - https://www.saltwire.com/halifax/business/reuters/ecb-stress-testing-broader-economy-over-climate-risk-de-
guindos-564985/
Basel committee is looking at changes to BASEL reporting as it relates to climate risk -
https://www.regulationtomorrow.com/eu/basel-committee-report-on-climate-related-risk-drivers-and-their-transmission-
channels/
Insurance sector - https://www.insurancebusinessmag.com/nz/news/breaking-news/insurance-most-ahead-of-the-game-in-
assessing-climate-change-risk-254051.aspx
More monitoring tools - https://www.planet.com/pulse/building-a-new-world-infrastructure-monitoring-for-a-more-
sustainable-future/ or https://progressive-tsl.com/renewable-energy-asset-management/

19. BLOG – ENERGY
CRISIS
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 19
Australia exported 3-13 million tons per month of coal to China in 2020. If China needs 50 million tons per month
that is rapid increase in coal production. It is unclear in China and Australia would be able to ramp to meet the
demand. China is already in a shortage of perhaps 50 million tons per month.
If there is a rapid surge in coal importing to China, there could be overbidding that causes shortages for other Asian
countries. This will also make the supply chain problems even worse.
Prioritizing heating over electricity means more factory shutdowns.
Prioritizing heating coal imports over other supply chain means that the 200 ships waiting to get unloaded get
bumped back at the ports for hundreds of coal ships.
China having coal production problems is tough because building other sources of electricity and heating will take
years. Especially if China wants to get beyond current levels to support 6% per year GDP growth.
https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2021/10/173364.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3
A+blogspot%2Fadvancednano+%28nextbigfuture%29
This ties nicely to my work on energy - https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/world-heading-energy-crisis-paul-young/

20. SUMMARY
• Higher material costs continue plague the construction sector
• Cities want more focus on fixing existing infrastructure including roads and bridges
• Addressing issues with water, land, and forest management as part of future urban and rural planning
• Risk and Crisis mitigation plans for wildfires, floods, and other climate events
• Optimization of public transit systems
• Addressing issues with ports, intermodal, warehousing, and other areas as part of addressing issues with the
supply chain
• Streamlining regulations related to development of Oil, LNG, Critical Metals, metals, lumber, cement, and other
products related to the construction sector.
PRESENTATION TITLE 2/11/20XX 20
Blog – Construction Spending and Outlook – United States and the World – July 2022
Construction
S pending - US A - July 2022.pdf
PMI index - US A -
S eptember 2022.pdf
Commodity Prices -
Price Charts, Data, and News - IndexMundi.pdf
Borrowing Costs and
Housing S upply Impacting the GTA Real Estate Market.pdf
The U.S . Power Grid
Can’t S upport Its Climate Pledges.pdf
Construction
S pending - US A - July 2022.pdf
Outlook -
Construction.pdf
Construction costs
projected to see largest increase in years due to supply and demand pressures News Archinect.pdf
S hipping Container
S tatistics & Facts 100+ Fascinating Data Points - Discover Containers.pdf
Canada did not ‘miss’
its LNG window—it was nailed shut Fraser Institute.pdf
The NDP-Liberal
Government Refuses to Budge on Ideological Environmental Policies Martin S hields Column.pdf
Global LNG
investments set to hit $42bn in 2024 - Businessday NG.pdf
Challenges with the
S upply of Lithium-ion Batteries.pdf
How developing the
US lithium battery supply chain will improve domestic supply - Fastmarkets.pdf
Iron ore price down
as China's covid, property woes weigh - MINING.COM.pdf
Grocery store price
increases are in line with costs S tudy CTV News.pdf
The Future Costs of
Emissions Are Drastically Higher Than Anticipated, S cientists S ay S cienceAlert.pdf
Flood mitigation.pdf Project Funding to
Address Flood Risk, S upport Innovation - Government of Nova S cotia, Canada.pdf
World’s Highest S teel
Prices Hurting Japanese Manufacturers - Bloomberg.pdf
AECOM (ACM) Gains
From Infrastructural S pending Amid Challenges.pdf
Catalyst Granite
Construction And $550 Billion In Infrastructure S pending (NYS E GVA) S eeking Alpha.pdf
Critical Minerals
Large Demand, But S hort in S upply - IER.pdf
4 Top Railroad S tocks
to Benefit from S trong Freight Demand Nasdaq.pdf
Will Transit Agencies
Fight Or Yield To The S elf-Driving Revolution .pdf
Reducing wildfire risk
increases community safety in Kaslo, B.C. - Wood Business.pdf
Desalination may be
key to averting global water shortage, but it will take time.pdf
OPEC-Watchers
Expect S teady Output as Oil Outlook Tightens - BNN Bloomberg.pdf
Productivity and
Costs - US A.pdf
Summary:
Economists had expected construction spending to edge down by 0.1 percent compared to the 1.1
percent slump originally reported for the previous month.
The bigger than expected decrease in total construction spending came as spending on private
construction slid by 0.8 percent to an annual rate of $1.424 trillion.
Spending on residential construction spending tumbled by 1.5 percent to a rate of $920.4 billion,
more than offsetting a 0.4 percent increase in spending on non-residential construction to a rate
of $503.9 billion.
Meanwhile, the report showed spending on public construction jumped by 1.5 percent to an
annual rate of $353.1 billion, reflecting a 4.3 percent spike in spending on highway construction
to a rate of $102.7 billion.
Source: https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/u.s.-construction-spending-drops-more-than-expected-in-july

21. OTHER
SOURCES
• If you like to learn more
about trade and/or other
subjects as part of your
professional learning and,
development then feel
free to review my material
on
https://www.udemy.com/
(search Paul Young CPA
CGA