4. Drivers of Success in NPD Success Drivers Correlation with Profits Timeliness A unique, superior, differentiated product .53 n/s A strong market orientation w/voice of customer .44 .41 Early fact-based product definition prior to development .39 .24 Effective implementation of front-end activities .37 .41 Use of true cross-functional teams .33 .48 Leverage – project builds on firm’s core competencies .32 n/s Market attractiveness – size, growth, margins .31 .22 Quality of launch effort – planning and resources .29 .20 Tech. competencies and execution of technical activities .26 .32
5. The NPD Process Phase 1: Opportunity Identification and Selection Phase 2: Concept Generation/ Ideation Phase 3: Concept Evaluation & Screening Phase 4: Development Phase 5: Testing & Launch “ Fuzzy” Front End
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Notes de l'éditeur
See if you can figure what went wrong with some of these: Concept -Gerber food for adults Nestea’s launch of a yellowish carbonated beverage: Tea Whiz- nam Frito-Lay Lemonade Ben-Gay aspirin – concept and branding Packaging and price -Parfum Bic
p.59 Cooper 2001
Phase 5: Continued testing -- more elaborate and expensive. Includes test markets, roll-outs, and ultimately mass launch. Fuzzy Front-End: Why? The lack of good, hard info. Complicates all these pre-technical evaluations. However, the amount of time spent in these stages often determines the probability of the product’s success. Remember the flops I showed you. Most of those wouldn’t have required hard data to determine that they sucked. “Clairol Look of Buttermilk?”
Everett Rogers is one of the best known diffusion researchers. But, diffusion has it’s history in a variety of disciplines: anthropology, rural sociology (agricultural ideas/innovations), communication, education, and of course, marketing. This pic. Should look familiar -- comes from Geoffrey Moore’s Crossing the Chasm. The Tech. Adoption Life cycle - shows how communities (markets) respond to discontinuous innovations. (We’re not talking about M&M’s with crispies inside). How is this different from PLC? Does not include REPEAT only 1st-time use. Each segment in the curve represents a standard deviation from the adoption norm. Thus, the early and late majority EACH represent about a third of the population. Innovators: Tech enthusiasts Late Majority: Conservatives Early Adopters: Visionaries Laggarts: Skeptics Early Majority: Pragmatists
The speed with which the new product will diffuse depends on these 6 characteristics. Also, on things like the social system (what the visionaries look like -- are they opinion leaders) Understanding these factors is clearly crucial to crafting the marketing mix variables: ad copy, promotion strategy, etc., but it’s also critical to understand these up front when devleoping the concept and especially the pay-back period for the financial analyses.
Robertson - chair of mkt. Dept. at Wharton, now dean of Emory’s business school. Discontinuous: require consumer to learn new behaviors and change their methods of doing things Continuous: require no new behaviors: Relate back to Rogers’ compatibility, complexity, and risk. More commonly accepted categories: from the firm’s perspective::::