Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is a condition caused by impaired cerebral blood flow and brain hypoxia/ischemia in the newborn period. It is recommended to use the term HIE rather than "perinatal asphyxia" or "birth asphyxia" since the time of injury can be difficult to ascertain. Treatment involves supportive care including seizure control and therapeutic hypothermia in some cases. Outcomes range from normal to death or long-term disabilities like cerebral palsy and epilepsy depending on the severity of the initial injury.

1. Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy By Perwin Aly Waly

9. Race : No predilection exists. Sex: No predilection exists. Age: By definition, this disease is seen in the newborn period. Preterm infants can also suffer from HIE, but the pathology and manifestations are slightly different. Most often, the condition is noted in infants who are term at birth. The symptoms of moderate-to-severe HIE are almost always manifested at birth or within a few hours after birth.