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Koivisto Padova 13 September 2011
- 1. Group counseling to enhance career development and adaptive functioning in adolescents Petri Koivisto University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland pekoivisto@gmail.com Vocational Designing and Career Counseling September 13, 2011, Padova, Italy
- 2. Aims of the two experimental effectiveness trials (Koivisto, 2010) • What are the long-term effects of career counseling on career development? • Does career counseling has an influence on mental health? • What is the mediating role of the immediate outcomes or learning outcomes? • Who benefit most and at whom should the career counseling interventions be targeted? 2
- 3. An integrative framework to the key constructs of the dissertation and social cognitive career theory(Koivisto, 2010; adapted from Lent, Brown & Hackett, 1994; Lent, Hackett & Brown, 1999) Contextual influences: (Environmental supports and barriers) Preparedness Self-efficay Learning Inoculation experiences: -Personal mastery Mastery of Behavioral developmental Mental health Interests Goal Coping and career -Vicarious learning tasks construction responses satisfaction and -Sosial persuasion transitions -Physiologigal and emotional states Outcome expectations, Task values (utility and attainment values)
- 4. The Towards Working Life group intervention (Koivisto, 2010; Koivisto, Vinokur, & Vuori, 2011; Vuori, Koivisto, Mutanen, Salmela-Aro, & Jokisaari, 2008, 2009) • Timing: transition from senior high school (grades 7th to 9th) to secondary education (grades 10th to 12th) • Distal goals: promote career choice, transition to secondary education and mental health, and prevent mental health problems • Participants: 14-15 year old 9th graders of senior high schools in Finland (N=1034)
- 5. The TWL Study: Post-treatment assesment (Koivisto, Vuori, & Vinokur, 2011) • Group by time interaction effect on career choice self-efficacy in decision making (F(1, 836) = 11.06, p<.01,partial ƞ2=.01) • Group by time by baseline level interaction effect on career choice self-efficacy in decision-making (F(34, 764) = 2.10, p<.001,partial ƞ2=.09)
- 6. Five-month follow-up (Kiuru, Koivisto, Mutanen, Nurmi & Vuori, 2011) The immediate effect on career choice preparedness (career choice self-efficacy and inoculation against setbacks) was faded away. One-year follow up (post-transitional phase) (Vuori, Koivisto, Mutanen, Salmela-Aro & Jokisaari, 2008, 2009) The intervention prevented… 6. symptoms of depression among those who initially had elevated symptoms of depression. 7. school burnout among those who had elevated symptoms of depression and learning difficulties. 6
- 7. The School-to-Work group intervention (Koivisto, 2010; Koivisto, Vuori & Nykyri, 2007; Koivisto, Vuori & Vinokur, 2010) • Timing: transition from vocational education to working life • Distal goals: promote transition to work, implementation of vocational choice, and mental health, prevent mental health problems, and anticipate career establishment • Participants: 17-24 year old graduates of vocational schools in Finland (N=416) 7
- 8. Results of 10-month follow-up The intervention… 2.enhanched employment and implementation of vocational choice and 3.increased construction of personal goals related to working life. In addition, the intervention prevented psychological distress and symptoms of depression among those who had elevated symptoms of psychological distress. 8
- 9. Pre-Transition Phase Post-Transition Phase Baseline (T1) Intervention and Immediate Response (T2) 10-month follow up (T3) -.09 n.s. Employment Employment Status .16. From School to Work – Group Method Control Condition = 0 ..35 Experimental Condition = 1 .27 .28 .12 .20 -.15 -.13 Employment .54 Employment Preparedness Preparedness -.15 .15 .15 .13 n.s. Work-Life .06 n.s. Work-Life -.26 Goals Goals -.40 .11 Financial .60 Financial .01 Strain Strain .48 .31 Depressive .32 Depressive Symptoms Symptoms (Koivisto, Vuori & Vinokur, 2010) 9
- 10. Practical implications (Koivisto, 2010) 1. Beneficial long term effects on career development and adaptive functionin can be achieved by means of social cognitive career counseling. 2. The long-term effects are expected to be relatively small when intervention are targeted at whole age group. 3. Some of these effects appear only among sub groups. 4. The results suggest that the effects can be strengthened by carefully targeting and further developing career counseling programs at those who benefit most, i.e. those who exhibit deficient career preparedness, have learning difficulties,or have elevated level of psychological distress or depressive symptoms, and whose personal goals match well with goals of such interventions. 5. Optimal timing of the this type of interventions shoud be considered carefully. 10
- 11. Thank you for your attention! 11
Notes de l'éditeur
- Good afternon! My title is…. Fred Vondracek was a reviewer of my dissertation. And I want to thank Fred for asking me to come here to present the results of my dissertation. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The aim of my dissertation was to examine effectiveness of two group conseling methods. The dissertation focuses on the following four key questions. 1…..Previous research has shown that career counseling has beneficial effects on immediate and short-term outcomes. These effects tell us how effective counseling methods are in attaining their proximal goals, such as increasing career maturity or self-efficacy. However, they dont tell us does the career counselling make difference in the real life course and well-being of our clients. … in the long-term effectiveness process. Too litle is known about how different subgroups of adolescents benefit from career counseling. Preventions practitioners need to know wether they have to design their interventions as a universal programs targeted at whole population group or, alternatively, as a selective prevention program targeted at those whose risk for developing mental disorders is higher than that of the rest of the population.
- The group counseling methods we have studied are based on the JOBS job search method that was developped in the University of Michigan. As the social cognitive career theory of Lent and his colleegs, it is an application of Albert Bandusra’ social cognitive theory, particularly self-efficacy theory. However, these two frameworks comes from different tradition. The JOBS fraework comes from preventive health psychology, not from vocational psychology. This is the first attemp to integrate these two traditions which have not discussed before.
- My presentation comprices results and conclusions from two group interventions. The first is The Towards Working Life group intervention.
- More clearly, the students who were initially less confident in their ability to make career desision benefit more from participation in the intervention. They showed a greater gain in their career desision confidence after the workshop than their peers who exhibited greater confidence at baseline. This was not due to sailing effect.