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Roman triclinium presentation.
- 1. A Roman Symposium:The Development of the Convivium By Henry Zeng
- 2. The Convivium: A Roman Symposium Two distinct stages of the Convivium can be recognized: 1. The reception and entertainment of the guests in the library before the meal. 2. An announcement by a slave. 3. The gather of the guests in the triclinium for the dinner itself.
- 4. Verres’ henchman, Rubrius, asks Philodamus to summon his daughter to the party.1 It is not the custom of the Greeks that women should recline at the convivium of the men.2 - Response of Philodamus in Cicero’s Verrine orations A brawl breaks out, one the Romans is killed, and eventually the unfortunate Philodemus and his son are condemned to death.3
- 5. For what Roman is ashamed to bring his wife to a feast, or whose consort does not occupy the best room in the house, and live in the midst of company? 1 But in Greece the case is far otherwise; for a wife is neither admitted to a feast, except among relations, nor does she sit anywhere but in the innermost apartment of the house, which is called the gynaeconitis, and into which nobody goes who is not connected with her by near relationship. 2 -Cornelius Nepos in Lives of Eminent Commanders
- 6. Definition of Triclinium noun | tri·clin·i·um | trī-ˈkli-nē-əm 1: A couch extending around three sides of a table used by the ancient Romans for reclining at meals. 2: A dining room furnished with a triclinium.
- 7. Layout of the Triclinium Three couches, each holding up to three diners in comfort, fitted closely together around a single central table.1 The room, with its black walls, is elegant but crowded, with very little space available for the servants.2 A single round table in the center, and niches beneath the sides of the couches where objects could be stored.3
- 10. Roman Triclinium found at the Casa del Criptoportico, Pompeii
- 12. The Stibadium A rectangular room had the mosaic divided into two portions; the front half is richly decorated, the back marked out with a broad semicircle.1 Seven individual wedge-shaped segments into which the couch was divided.2 The central square was used in part by those serving at the meal. It was here that the servants stood in readiness to attend to each diner’s summons.3
- 13. Those reclining on the sigma-couch could look out through the dining room’s folding doors into a courtyard framed by curving colonnades and equipped with a well-stocked fish pond. Beyond this lay a magnificent view of the Garonne valley and the surrounding hills. 1 - Sidonius’ account of Leontius’ villa in Gaul
- 14. Roman Sarcophagus lid with Hunters’ Picnic found in Germania Inferior
- 15. Roman Stibadium found at Dargoleja, Spain
- 16. Roman Triconch
- 17. Roman villa architecture after the 6th century
- 18. The Last Supper (Leonardo Da Vinci) ca. 1495 A.D.
- 19. Sources Slide:2 Slater, William J. Dining in a Classical Context. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan, 1991. Print. Page 200 of this book contains the information above. Slide:3 Murray, Oswyn, and Manuela Tecușan. In Vino Veritas. London: British School at Rome in Association with American Academy at Rome ..., 1995. Print. Refer to Dunbabin’s article from Scenes from the Roman Convivium p.259 for both images. Slide:4 Nielsen, Inge, and Hanne Nielsen. Meals in a Social Context: Aspects of the Communal Meal in the Hellenistic and Roman World. Aarhus: Aarhus UP, 1998. Print. Refer to Dunbabin’s article on page 81. Slide:5 Nepos, Cornelius. Lives of Eminent Commanders. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print. Refer to the Preface on page 305. Slide:6 Definition taken from https://www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&rlz=1C1CHFX_enUS578US580&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF- 8#q=definition%20of%20triclinium Slide:7 Slater, William J. Dining in a Classical Context. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan, 1991. Print. Refer to page 123 in Dunbabin’s article Triclinium and Stibadium.
- 20. Sources cont. Slide:8 Courtesy of http://blogs.getty.edu/iris/reclining-and-dining-and-drinking-in-ancient-rome/. Website contains a simplified interpretation of a Triclinium labeled with hierarchy of order. Slide:9 (Left) Antioch, Atrium House, triclinium mosaic. Photo courtesy Department of Art and Archaeology, Princeton University. Refer to index of Dining in a Classical Context by Slater. (Right) Antioch, House of Drinking Contest, triclinium mosaic. Photo courtesy Department of Art and Archaeology, Princeton University. Refer to index of Dining in a Classical Context by Slater. Slide:10 Pompeii I.6.2-4,Casa del Criptoportico, Triclinium. Photo KMDD. Refer to index of Dining in a Classical Context by Slater. Slide:11 (Left) Dining room Triclinium courtesy of the Roman Open-air miuseam Hechingen-Stein. http://www.villa-rustica.de/tour/tour08e.html (Right)Thysdrus, House of the Months, triclinium mosaic, drawing. After L.Foucher, Latomus 20, 1061,pl.XI. Refer to index of Dining in a Classical Context by Slater. Slide:12 Slater, William J. Dining in a Classical Context. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan, 1991. Print. Refer to page 129-130 in Dunbabin’s article Triclinium and Stibadium. Slide:13 1Slater, William J. Dining in a Classical Context. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan, 1991. Print. Refer to page 200-201 in Rossiter’s article Convivium and Villa in Late Antiquity.
- 21. Sources cont. Slide:14 Leiden, sarcophagus lid with hunters’ picnic; Rijksmuseum van Oudheden,Inv. Nr. H *8. Photo Courtesy Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden. Refer to index of Dining in a Classical Context by Slater. Slide:15 Dargoleja, room for Stibadium, drawing. After J.M Blazquez, Mosaicos romanos de Sevilla, Granada, Cadiz y Murica (CMEsp IV, Madrid 1982), fig. 9. Refer to index of Dining in a Classical Context by Slater. Slide:16 Refer to index of Dining in a Classical Context by Slater. Slide:17 (Left) Kessler, Herbert L., and Johanna Zacharias. Rome 1300: On the Path of the Pilgrim. New Haven, CT: Yale UP, 2000. Print. Refer to page 34 for Sketch of the Council Hall of Pope III at the Lateran by Pompeo Ugonius. (Right) http://www.romeartlover.it/Vasi46.html Remade triclinium of Leo III under Pope Benedict XIV. Currently located between the facade of St.John Lateran and the Scala Santa. Slide:18 Refer to https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=90&v=IL29tfxfzl0 (at 2:19).
Notes de l'éditeur
- Slater, William J. Dining in a Classical Context. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan, 1991. Print. Page 200 of this book contains the information above.
- Murray, Oswyn, and Manuela Tecușan. In Vino Veritas. London: British School at Rome in Association with American Academy at Rome ..., 1995. Print. Refer to Dunbabin’s article from Scenes from the Roman Convivium p.259 for both images.
- 1.2.3Nielsen, Inge, and Hanne Nielsen. Meals in a Social Context: Aspects of the Communal Meal in the Hellenistic and Roman World. Aarhus: Aarhus UP, 1998. Print. Refer to Dunbabin’s article on page 81.
- 1.2Nepos, Cornelius. Lives of Eminent Commanders. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print. Refer to the Preface on page 305.
- Definition taken from https://www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&rlz=1C1CHFX_enUS578US580&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=definition%20of%20triclinium
- 1.2.3Slater, William J. Dining in a Classical Context. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan, 1991. Print. Refer to page 123 in Dunbabin’s article Triclinium and Stibadium. Drawn from Dunbabin’s article “Triclinium and Stibadium” There are generally two layouts for the triclinium. the U shape, and the T+U shape. This layout is typical of the 2nd and 3rd century AD. It does not disappear afterwards, but the Stibadium begins to appear in literary sources afterwards
- Courtesy of http://blogs.getty.edu/iris/reclining-and-dining-and-drinking-in-ancient-rome/. Website contains a simplified interpretation of a Triclinium labeled with hierarchy of order. It appears that it was not considered good form to entertain large number of guests at a single triclinium, Hence romans would have more than one in a particular villa.
- (Left) Antioch, Atrium House, triclinium mosaic. Photo courtesy Department of Art and Archaeology, Princeton University. Refer to index of Dining in a Classical Context by Slater. (Right) Antioch, House of Drinking Contest, triclinium mosaic. Photo courtesy Department of Art and Archaeology, Princeton University. Refer to index of Dining in a Classical Context by Slater. The T+U design was adopted by Roman provinces except the northern ones. So in Antioch 2nd century AD onwards, Roman habits of dining had been adopted in the east. On the left is a T+U design triclinium found in the Atrium house in Antioch. On the right is a U design from the house of Drinking contest in Antioch. In the absence of permanent couches of masonry. We can tell from the wall paintings and the pavement design that there was a difference between the forepoart of room and inner part Think aboiut Petronius, given this layout., what did they see.
- Pompeii I.6.2-4,Casa del Criptoportico, Triclinium. Photo KMDD. Refer to index of Dining in a Classical Context by Slater. This is given as an example of a less elegant Triclinium, but one with stationary/permanent couches.
- (Left) Dining room Triclinium courtesy of the Roman Open-air miuseam Hechingen-Stein. http://www.villa-rustica.de/tour/tour08e.html (Right)Thysdrus, House of the Months, triclinium mosaic, drawing. After L.Foucher, Latomus 20, 1061,pl.XI. Refer to index of Dining in a Classical Context by Slater. Located in El Djem Modern day Tunisia. Thysdrus was the province.
- 1.2.3 Slater, William J. Dining in a Classical Context. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan, 1991. Print. Refer to page 129-130 in Dunbabin’s article Triclinium and Stibadium. Is identified by the layout of the mosaics (much like the triclinium) Compared to the spacing in the Triclinium, the Stibadium had a wide open space for movement. Also, the Stibadium’s use of the sigma-couch may have made the middle position more honorable and then made the cornu dextro (right wing) more prominent. The semicircular sigma-couch replaces the triple couches of the Triclinium The original form of the Stibadium arose from greek word of Stibades which means the leaves or foliage on which participants of such feasts revlined.
- 1Slater, William J. Dining in a Classical Context. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan, 1991. Print. Refer to page 200-201 in Rossiter’s article Convivium and Villa in Late Antiquity. Garonne valley is located around the Roman province of Gallia Aquitania. (Garrone)
- Leiden, sarcophagus lid with hunters’ picnic; Rijksmuseum van Oudheden,Inv. Nr. H *8. Photo Courtesy Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden. Refer to index of Dining in a Classical Context by Slater. The feasts that later developed into the Stibadium were associated with Dionysus. In this scene, individuals are gathered around a semicircle. (Stibadium) and we can see that it is outside because the man in the back is hanging up a tapestry. Found in Leiden (Germania Inferior
- Dargoleja, room for Stibadium, drawing. After J.M Blazquez, Mosaicos romanos de Sevilla, Granada, Cadiz y Murica (CMEsp IV, Madrid 1982), fig. 9. Refer to index of Dining in a Classical Context by Slater. Is identified by the layout of the mosaics (much like the tricliniums) By 4-5th century BCE, the Stibadium became the dominant layout. Figure is from Dargoleja Spain, room for stibadium. Near the Roman Province of Baetica.
- Refer to index of Dining in a Classical Context by Slater. Formed by creating rooms with multiple apse’s.(semicircles). Figure P on the right is a Tetraconch. Point out Part A on left image, and Part P as Tetraconch in right image.
- (Left) Kessler, Herbert L., and Johanna Zacharias. Rome 1300: On the Path of the Pilgrim. New Haven, CT: Yale UP, 2000. Print. Refer to page 34 for Sketch of the Council Hall of Pope III at the Lateran by Pompeo Ugonius. (Right) http://www.romeartlover.it/Vasi46.html Remade triclinium of Leo III under Pope Benedict XIV. Currently located between the facade of St.John Lateran and the Scala Santa. Contains the main apse and 10 flanking niches.The face of christ is at the top. and center. Pope Leo III continued the tradition of the Roman Stibadium and used the style in laying out his banqueting hall in the 8th century,
- Refer to https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=90&v=IL29tfxfzl0 (at 2:19). Main point is to ask audience what the true last supper would have looked like. Remind them that Christ is 0 A.D and that Judea was a Roman province.