1. Physical
Internet
Manifesto
Transforming
the
way
physical
objects
are
moved,
stored,
realized,
supplied
and
used,
aiming
towards
greater
efficiency
and
sustainability
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil
Canada
Research
Chair
in
Enterprise
Engineering
CIRRELT
Interuniversity
Research
Center
on
Enterprise
Networks,
Logis<cs
and
Transporta<on
Laval
University,
Québec,
Canada
Version
1.11:
2012-­‐11-­‐07
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 1/75

2. Acknowledgements
The
Physical
Internet
Manifesto
has
greatly
benefited
from
the
contribuQons
of
esteemed
colleagues
and
doctoral
students
America
ü CIRRELT
Research
Center:
• Teodor
Crainic
-­‐
UQAM
• Michel
Gendreau
-­‐
Université
de
Montréal
• Driss
Hakimi,
Mustapha
Lounès,
Jacques
Renaud,
Jacques
Renaud
-­‐
Université
Laval
ü CICMHE,
College-­‐Industry
Council
for
Material
Handling
EducaQon:
• Russ
Meller
–
CELDi,
University
of
Arkansas
• Kevin
Gue
&
Jeff
Smith
–
Auburn
University
• Kimberley
Ellis
–CELDi,
Virginia
Tech
• Leon
McGinnis
–
Georgia
Tech
• Mike
Ogle
–
MHIA
Europe
• Éric
Ballot,
Frédéric
Fontane,
Shenle
Pan,
Rochdi
Sarraj
–
Mines
ParisTech
• Rémy
Glardon
–
EPFL
• Rene
De
Koster
–
Erasmus
University
• Olivier
Labarthe
–
IUT
Bordeaux
Montesquieu
• Detlef
Spee
–
Fraunhofer
Ins<tute
for
Material
Flow
and
Logis<c
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 2/75

3. Manifesto
Outline
? Global
LogisQcs
Sustainability
Grand
Challenge
? Envisioning
the
Physical
Internet
? Enabling
a
LogisQcs
Web
? Toward
Realizing
the
Vision
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 3/75

4. Sample
of
companies
contribuQng
to
the
Physical
Internet
IniQaQve
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 4/75

5. At face value, logistics seems to be doing great!
Logistics is the backbone sustaining our lifestyle
Original
slide
concept
by
Professor
Russ
Meller,
CELDi,
U.
of
Arkansas
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 5/75

6. At face value, logistics seems to be doing great!
Logistics is the backbone sustaining eBusiness
Original
slide
concept
by
Professor
Russ
Meller,
CELDi,
U.
of
Arkansas
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 6/75

7. At face value,
logistics
seems to be doing
great!
Container Logistics
is the backbone
sustaining
the
globalization
of world trade
Original
slide
concept
by
Professor
Russ
Meller,
CELDi,
U.
of
Arkansas
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
7
Québec, 2012-11-07, 7/75

8. Yet we have to face a harsh fact
Logistics inefficiency and unsustainability claim
The
way
physical
objects
are
moved,
stored,
realized,
supplied
and
used
throughout
the
world
is
economically,
environmentally
and
socially
inefficient
and
unsustainable
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 8/75

9. Why do we need to change ?
LogisQcs
inefficiency
and
unsustainability
ECONOMIC
LogisQcs:
5-­‐15%
burden
on
GDP
of
most
countries
worldwide
logisQcs
costs
grow
faster
than
world
trade
ENVIRONMENT
One
of
the
heaviest
greenhouse
gas
generators,
energy
consumers,
polluters
and
materials
wasters
Growing
negaQve
contribuQon
while
naQons’
goals
aims
for
heavy
reducQons
SOCIAL
Lack
of
fast,
reliable
and
affordable
accessibility
and
mobility
of
physical
objects
for
the
vast
majority
of
the
world’s
populaQon
European
Commission:
A
Roadmap
for
moving
to
a
compe<<ve
low
carbon
economy
in
2050,
Office
of
the
European
Union,
Brussels,
16p.
(2011)
Too
oden
precarious
logisQc
work
condiQons
Serveau,
L.T.
:
Inventaire
des
émissions
de
polluants
dans
l’atmosphère
en
France.
In:
SECTEN,
Citepa,
Paris
(2011)
European
Commission:
EU
energy
and
transport
in
figures.
Sta<s<cal
Pocketbook,
(2009)
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 9/75

10. Inefficiency
and
unsustainability
symptoms
Leading Us Toward Hitting the Wall Real Hard
1. We
are
shipping
air
and
packaging
2. Empty
travel
is
the
norm
rather
than
the
excepQon
3. Truckers
have
become
the
modern
cowboys
4. Products
mostly
sit
idle,
stored
where
unneeded,
yet
so
oden
unavailable
fast
where
needed
5. ProducQon
and
storage
faciliQes
are
poorly
used
6. So
many
products
are
never
sold,
never
used
7. Products
do
not
reach
those
who
need
them
the
most
8. Products
unnecessarily
move,
crisscrossing
the
world
9. Fast
&
reliable
mulQmodal
transport
is
a
dream
10. Gekng
products
in
and
out
of
ciQes
is
a
nightmare
11. LogisQcs
networks
&
supply
chains
are
neither
secure
nor
robust
12. Smart
automaQon
&
technology
are
hard
to
jusQfy
13. InnovaQon
is
strangled
Montreuil B. (2011) Towards a Physical Internet: Meeting the Global Logistics Sustainability Grand Challenge, Logistics Research,
currently available as online publication, 2011-02-12, http://www.springerlink.com/content/g362448hw8586774/fulltext.pdf
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 10/75

11. Logistics inefficiency & unsustainability symptoms
Leading
Us
Toward
Hibng
the
Wall
Real
Hard
1. We
are
shipping
air
and
packaging
• Trucks
and
containers
are
oden
half
empty
at
departure,
with
a
large
chunk
of
the
non-­‐empQness
being
filled
by
packaging:
56,8%
full
when
not
empty;
42,6%
average
uQlizaQon
2. Empty
travel
is
the
norm
rather
than
the
excepQon
• Vehicles
&
containers
oden
return
empty,
or
travel
extra
routes
to
find
return
shipments
(25%
of
travel),
and
loaded
vehicles
get
empQer
and
empQer
as
their
route
unfolds
from
delivery
point
to
delivery
point
3. Truckers
have
become
the
modern
cowboys
• So
many
are
always
on
the
road,
so
oden
away
from
home
for
long
duraQons
(very
high
turnover
rate);
Precarious
family
&
social
life,
and
personal
health;
in
general,
logisQc
operators
and
material
handling
personnel
have
similar
precarious
posiQons
4. Products
mostly
sit
idle,
stored
where
unneeded
yet
so
oden
unavailable
fast
where
needed
• Manufacturers,
distributors,
retailers
and
users
are
all
storing
products
oden
in
vast
quanQQes
through
their
networks
of
warehouses
and
distribuQon
centers,
yet
service
levels
and
response
Qmes
to
local
users
are
constraining
and
unreliable
5. Poorly
/
badly
used
producQon
and
storage
faciliQes
• Most
businesses
invest
in
storage
and/or
producQon
faciliQes
that
are
lowly
used
most
of
the
Qmes,
or
yet
badly
used,
dealing
with
products
which
would
beper
be
dealt
elsewhere,
forcing
unnecessary
travel
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
11
Québec, 2012-11-07, 11/75

12. Logistics inefficiency & unsustainability symptoms
Leading
Us
Toward
Hibng
the
Wall
Real
Hard
6. So
many
products
are
never
sold,
never
used
• A
significant
porQon
of
consumer
products
that
are
made
never
reach
the
right
market
on
Qme,
ending
up
unsold
and
unused
while
there
would
have
been
required
elsewhere;
in
the
fresh
food
industry,
products
are
wasted
at
an
alarming
rate:
12%
in
transit,
25%
at
retail
7. Products
do
not
reach
those
who
need
them
the
most
RusQng
new
cars
in
disused
airfield
• This
is
specially
true
in
less
developed
countries
and
disaster-­‐crisis
zones
8. Products
unnecessarily
move,
crisscrossing
the
world
• Products
commonly
travel
thousands
of
miles-­‐kilometers
which
could
have
been
avoided
by
making
or
assembling
it
much
nearer
to
point
of
use
9. Fast
&
reliable
mulQmodal
transport
is
sQll
a
dream
Ÿ Even
though
there
are
great
examples,
in
general
synchronizaQon
is
so
poor,
interfaces
so
badly
designed,
that
mulQmodal
routes
are
most
oden
Qme-­‐and-­‐
cost
inefficient
and
risky
10. Gekng
products
in,
through
and
out
of
ciQes
is
a
nightmare
Ÿ Most
ciQes
are
not
designed
and
equipped
for
easing
freight
transportaQon,
handling
&
storage,
making
the
feeding
of
businesses
and
ciQzens
in
ciQes
a
nightmare
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 12/75

13. Logistics inefficiency & unsustainability symptoms
Leading
Us
Toward
Hibng
the
Wall
Real
Hard
11. LogisQcs
networks
&
supply
chains
are
neither
secure
nor
robust
• There
is
extreme
concentraQon
of
operaQons
in
a
limited
number
of
centralized
producQon
and
distribuQon
faciliQes,
with
travel
along
a
narrow
set
of
high-­‐
traffic
route
• This
makes
the
logisQc
networks
and
supply
chains
of
so
many
businesses,
unsecure
in
face
of
robbery
and
terrorism
acts,
and
not
robust
in
face
of
natural
disasters
and
demand
crises
12. Smart
automaQon
&
technology
are
hard
to
jusQfy
• Vehicles,
handling
systems
and
operaQonal
faciliQes
have
to
deal
with
so
many
types
of
materials,
shapes
and
unit
loads,
with
each
player
independently
and
locally
deciding
on
his
piece
of
the
pie
• Hard
to
jusQfy
smart
connecQve
(e.g.
RFID)
technologies,
systemic
handling
and
transport
automaQon,
as
well
as
smart
collaboraQve
piloQng
sodware
13. InnovaQon
is
strangled
• InnovaQon
is
boplenecked
by
lack
of
generic
standards
&
protocols,
transparency,
modularity
and
systemic
open
infrastructure.
• This
makes
breakthrough
innovaQon
so
tough,
jusQfying
a
focus
on
marginal
epsilon
innovaQon
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 13/75

14. Mapping
inefficiency
&
unsustainability
symptoms
to
economical,
environmental
and
societal
facets
Environmental
Economical
Societal
Inefficiency
and
unsustainability
symptoms
1 We
are
shipping
air
and
packaging
2 Empty
travel
is
the
norm
rather
than
the
exception
3 Truckers
have
become
the
modern
cowboys
4 Products
mostly
sit
idle,
stored
where
unneeded,
yet
so
often
unavailable
fast
where
needed
5 Production
and
storage
facilities
are
poorly
used
6 So
many
products
are
never
sold,
never
used
7 Products
do
not
reach
those
who
need
them
the
most
8 Products
unnecessarily
move,
crisscrossing
the
world
9 Fast
&
reliable
multimodal
transport
is
a
dream
10 Getting
products
in
and
out
of
cities
is
a
nightmare
11 Logistics
networks
&
supply
chains
are
neither
secure
nor
robust
12 Smart
automation
&
technology
are
hard
to
justify
13 Innovation
is
strangled
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 14/75

15. The Global Logistics Sustainability Grand
Challenge
The
Global
LogisQcs
Sustainability
Grand Challenge
Design a system
to move, store, realize, supply and use
physical objects throughout the world
in a manner that is
economically, environmentally and socially
efficient and sustainable
Montreuil B. (2011) “Towards a Physical Internet: Meeting the Global Logistics Sustainability Grand Challenge,” Logistics Research, 3(2-­‐3),
71-­‐87,
2011.
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 15/75

16. Elici<ng
the
Overall
Goal
Toward
Global
Logis<cs
Efficiency
and
Sustainability
Environmental goal
Sustainably reduce by an order of magnitude the logistics-induced global
greenhouse gas emission, energy consumption, pollution & materials waste
Economic goal
Sustainably reduce by an order of magnitude
the global economic burden of logistics
while unlocking huge gains in business productivity
Societal goal
Sustainably and significantly increase the quality of life
of the logistics workers and the world’s population
by improving the timely accessibility and mobility of physical objects
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 16/75

17. The
Digital
Internet
ExploiQng
the
InformaQon
Highway
Metaphor
Decades
ago
the
informaQon
&
communicaQons
technology
community
was
stuck
in
a
huge
inefficient
and
unsustainable
tangle
due
to
millions
of
unconnected
computers
When
looking
for
a
way
to
conceptualize
how
it
should
transform
itself,
it
relied
on
a
physical
transport
and
logisQcs
metaphor:
Building
the
informaQon
highway
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 17/75

18. MeeQng
the
IT
Grand
Challenge
Building
Upon
the
InformaQon
Superhighway
Metaphor
Before:
millions
of
unconnected
computers
–
inefficient
and
unsustainable
Ader:
millions
of
interconnected
servers
and
computers
to
form
the
“InformaQon
Superhighway”
Key
Enabler:
transmission
of
formaped
data
packets
through
heterogeneous
equipment
respecQng
the
TCP/IP
protocol
Result:
The
Internet,
the
Web,
the
Mobile,
the
Apps,…
An
open
and
interconnected
distributed
network
infrastructure
Forever
transforming
industry,
economy,
culture
and
society
at
large
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 18/75

19. The
Physical
Internet
IniQaQve
Using
the
Digital
Internet
as
a
Metaphor
for
the
Physical
World
Even
though
there
are
fundamental
differences
between
the
physical
world
and
the
informaQon
world,
the
Physical
Internet
iniQaQve
aims
to
exploit
the
Internet
metaphor
so
as
to
propose
a
vision
for
a
sustainable
and
progressively
deployable
breakthrough
soluQon
to
global
problems
associated
with
the
way
we
move,
handle,
store,
realize,
supply
and
use
physical
objects
all
around
the
world
Montreuil B. (2011) Towards a Physical Internet: Meeting the Global Logistics Sustainability Grand Challenge, Logistics Research,
currently available as online publication, 2011-02-12, http://www.springerlink.com/content/g362448hw8586774/fulltext.pdf
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 19/75

20. Exposing
Key
Features
of
the
Physical
Internet
Vision
Evolving
towards
a
worldwide
Physical
Internet
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 20/75

21. The
Physical
Internet
Founda.ons*of*the*Physical*Internet*
(PI,
π)
Economical* Environmental* Societal*
The
Physical
Internet
is
an
Efficiency* Sustainability*
open
global
logisQcs
system
Physical*Objects*
founded
on
physical,
digital
Move* Store* Realize* Supply* Use*
and
operaQonal
Mobility* Distribu.on* Realiza.on* Supply* Service*
Web* Web* Web* Web* Web*
interconnecQvity
Logis.cs*Web*
through
encapsulaQon,
Open* Global* System*
interfaces
and
protocols
Universal*interconnec.vity*
Physical* Opera.onal* Digital*
The
PI
enables
Encapsula.on* Interfaces* Protocols*
an
efficient,
sustainable,
Technology* Business* Infrastructure*
adaptable
and
resilient
Innova.on*
LogisQcs
Web
Montreuil
B.,
R.D.
Meller
&
E.
Ballot
(2012).
Physical
Internet
Founda<ons,
In:
Service
Orienta<on
in
Holonic
and
Mul<
Agent
Manufacturing
and
Robo<cs,
edited
by
T.
Borangiu
et
al.,
Springer.
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 21/75

22. Simplified
Mental
Image
of
the
Physical
Internet
• Open
market
for
goods
transportaQon
(eBay-­‐style)
• Handles
only
“black
box”
modular
containers
• Open
and
shared
transportaQon
and
distribuQon
networks
• Vast
community
of
users
• Supplier
cerQficaQon
and
Seamless
modular
container
consolida<on
in
the
Physical
Internet
B.
Montreuil
&
C.
Thivierge,
2011
raQngs-­‐by-­‐users
to
drive
logisQcs
performance
Adapted
from
a
contribu<on
of
Professor
Russ
Meller
from
CELDi,
U.
of
Arkansas
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 22/75

23. Positioning the Physical Internet
World
Wide
Web
(WWW)
Digital
Internet
Digital
InformaQon
Packets
Smart
Grid
ConnecQng
Physical
Objects
through
WWW
Energy
Internet
of
Things
Internet
Smart
Networked
Objects
Energy
Packets
Open
LogisQcs
Web
Physical
Internet
Smart
Physical
Packets
Original
schema<cs
from
Benoit
Montreuil,
2010,
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
www.physicalinterne<ni<a<ve.org
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 23/75

24. Universal
InterconnecQvity
Founda.ons*of*the*Physical*Internet*
Economical* Environmental* Societal*
Efficiency* Sustainability*
High-­‐performance
logisQc
Physical*Objects*
Move* Store* Realize* Supply* Use*
centers,
movers
and
systems,
Mobility* Distribu.on* Realiza.on* Supply*
Web* Web* Web* Web*
Service*
Web*
making
it
seamless,
easy,
fast,
Open*
Logis.cs*Web*
Global* System*
reliable
and
cheap
Universal*interconnec.vity*
to
interconnect
physical
objects
Physical* Opera.onal* Digital*
through
modes
and
routes,
Encapsula.on* Interfaces* Protocols*
Technology* Business* Infrastructure*
with
an
overarching
aim
toward
Innova.on*
universal
interconnecQvity
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 24/75

25. EncapsulaQon
Founda.ons*of*the*Physical*Internet*
Economical* Environmental* Societal*
Efficiency* Sustainability*
The
Physical
Internet
Physical*Objects*
does
not
deal
directly
Move* Store* Realize* Supply* Use*
with
physical
goods
Mobility* Distribu.on* Realiza.on* Supply* Service*
Web* Web* Web* Web* Web*
Logis.cs*Web*
Open* Global* System*
Universal*interconnec.vity*
It
requires
their
Physical* Opera.onal* Digital*
standardized
encapsulaQon,
Encapsula.on* Interfaces* Protocols*
such
as
data
packets
in
Technology* Business*
Innova.on*
Infrastructure*
the
Physical
Internet
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 25/75

26. Physical
encapsulaQon
Founda.ons*of*the*Physical*Internet*
Economical* Environmental* Societal*
Efficiency* Sustainability*
Physically
encapsulate
Physical*Objects*
Move* Store* Realize* Supply* Use*
goods
in
π-­‐containers
Mobility* Distribu.on* Realiza.on* Supply* Service*
Web* Web* Web* Web* Web*
Logis.cs*Web*
that
are
modular,
Open* Global*
Universal*interconnec.vity*
System*
ecofriendly,
smart
Physical* Opera.onal*
Encapsula.on*
Digital*
Interfaces* Protocols*
and
standardized
worldwide
Technology* Business*
Innova.on*
Infrastructure*
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 26/75

27. Physically encapsulation of goods in π-containers
Modular,
ecofriendly,
smart
&
standardized
worldwide
• Merchandise
is
uniQzed
as
content
of
a
π-­‐container
and
is
not
dealt
with
explicitly
by
PI
• Modular
dimensions
from
cargo
container
sizes
down
to
Qny
sizes
• Conceived
to
be
easily
flowed
through
various
transport,
handling
&
storage
modes
&
means
• Easy
to
handle,
store,
transport,
snap,
interlock,
load,
unload,
construct
and
dismantle,
compose
and
decompose
• Light,
made
of
environment
friendly
materials,
with
minimal
off-­‐service
footprint
• Smart
tag
enabled,
with
sensors
if
necessary:
proper
idenQficaQon,
rouQng
and
maintaining
• Various
usage-­‐adapted
structural
grades
• CondiQoning
capabiliQes
as
necessary
(e.g.
temperature)
• Sealable
for
security
purposes
Composi)on+
Decomposi)on+
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 27/75

28. Physically encapsulation of goods in π-containers
World
standard
modular
dimensions
and
fixtures
IllustraQve
potenQal
modular
dimensions
Y
Conceptual
design
by
Benoit
Montreuil
and
Marie-­‐Anne
Côté
X
Z
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval,
Québec,
Canada,
2012
0,12
m
0,1
m
0,24
m
0,2
m
0,36
m
0,3
m
0,48
m
0,4
m
0,6
m
0,5
m
0,6
m
1,2
m
1,2
m
2,4
m
2,4
m
3,6
m
3,6
m
4,8
m
4,8
m
6
m
6
m
12
m
12
m
Conceptual
design
illustraQng
É.
Ballot,
B.
Montreuil,
R.D.
Meller
the
dimensional
modularity
of
π-­‐containers
The
illustrated
π-­‐container
design
has
a
strictly
conceptual
and
func<onal:
it
has
no
prescrip<ve
technical
design
and
engineering
intent
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 28/75

29. Physically encapsulation of goods in π-containers
Easy
to
compose
into
composite
containers,
then
to
decompose
Conceptual
design
by
Benoit
Montreuil
and
Marie-­‐Anne
Côté
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval,
Québec,
Canada,
2012
Conceptual
design
illustraQng
the
composiQon
funcQonality
of
π-­‐containers
The
illustrated
π-­‐container
design
has
a
strictly
conceptual
and
func<onal:
it
has
no
prescrip<ve
technical
design
and
engineering
intent
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 29/75

30. The
spaQal
impact
of
modular
encapsulaQon
Consumer
Product
Goods
258
case
sizes
Company
494
products
268
shelf
packages
At
the
case
level,
there
is
Using
only
of
modular
a
net
increase
of
10%
dimensions
(<15)
Here,
no
change
in
the
shape
of
products.
The
number
of
products
by
case
is
allowed
to
vary
by
+
or
-­‐
10%.
At
the
pallet
level,
there
Experiment
limited
to
cases
rather
than
π-­‐containers
to
focus
on
modularity
there
is
a
net
savings
of
10%!
Meller,
R.
D.,
Lin,
Y.-­‐H.,
and
Ellis,
K.
P.,
“The
Impact
of
Standardized
Metric
Physical
Internet
Containers
on
the
Shipping
Volume
of
Manufacturers,”
in
Proceedings
of
the
14th
IFAC
Symposium
on
Informa;on
Control
Problems
in
Manufacturing,
Bucharest
–
Romania,
(2012).
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 30/75

31. Design products fitting containers with minimal space waste
Products designed and engineered to minimize the load and burden
they generate on the Physical Internet,
with their dimensions adapted to standard container dimensions,
with maximal volumetric and functional density while containerized
• Maximal
volumetric
and
funcQonal
density
while
being
in
Physical
Internet
containers,
extendable
to
their
usage
dimensions
when
necessary
– FuncQonal
density
of
an
object
can
be
expressed
as
the
raQo
of
its
useful
funcQonality
over
the
product
of
its
weight
and
volume
• Only
key
components
and
modules
have
to
travel
extensively
– Easy
to
be
completed
near
point
of
use
Source:
guim.fr
using
locally
available
objects
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 31/75

32. Digital
encapsulaQon
Founda.ons*of*the*Physical*Internet*
Economical* Environmental* Societal*
ExploiQng
as
best
as
possible
Efficiency* Sustainability*
Physical*Objects*
the
capabiliQes
of
smart
π-­‐containers
Move* Store* Realize* Supply* Use*
Mobility* Distribu.on* Realiza.on* Supply* Service*
connected
to
the
Digital
Internet
Web* Web* Web* Web*
Logis.cs*Web*
Web*
and
the
World
Wide
Web,
Open* Global* System*
Universal*interconnec.vity*
and
of
their
embedded
smart
objects,
Physical* Opera.onal* Digital*
Encapsula.on* Interfaces* Protocols*
for
improving
the
performance
Technology* Business* Infrastructure*
as
perceived
by
the
clients
Innova.on*
and
the
overall
performance
of
the
Physical
Internet
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 32/75

33. Physical Internet and the Internet of Things
F The
Internet
of
Things
is
about
enabling
ubiquitous
connecQon
with
physical
objects
equipped
with
smart
connecQve
technology
(RFID,
GPS,
sensors,
Internet,
etc.),
making
the
objects
ever
smarter
and
enabling
distributed
self-­‐control
of
objects
through
networks
F The
Physical
Internet
is
to
exploit
as
best
as
possible
the
Internet
of
Things
to
enable
the
ubiquitous
connecQvity
Image: http://www.globetracker.biz/GlobeTracker/News.asp
of
its
π-­‐containers
and
π-­‐systems
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 33/75

34. Founda.ons*of*the*Physical*Internet*
Interfaces
opQmized
for
Economical* Environmental* Societal*
Efficiency* Sustainability*
universal
interconnecQvity
Move* Store*
Physical*Objects*
Realize* Supply* Use*
Mobility* Distribu.on* Realiza.on* Supply* Service*
Web* Web* Web* Web* Web*
Logis.cs*Web*
Physical
&
digital
interfaces
Open* Global* System*
exploiQng
the
characterisQcs
Universal*interconnec.vity*
Physical* Opera.onal* Digital*
of
π-­‐containers
Encapsula.on* Interfaces* Protocols*
and
standardized
worldwide
Technology* Business*
Innova.on*
Infrastructure*
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 34/75

35. Evolve
from
material
to
π-­‐container
transport,
handling
&
storage
means
and
systems
π-­‐containers
moving
and
storage
means
and
systems,
A
π-­‐container
π-­‐movers
equipped
with
innovaQve
technologies
and
processes
with
wheels
A
fork-­‐less
lis
snapped
through
exploiQng
the
characterisQcs
of
π-­‐containers
exploi<ng
the
snapping
and
its
standard
modular
interfaces
to
enable
their
fast,
cheap,
easy
and
reliable
interlocking
input,
storage,
composing,
decomposing,
func<onali<es
of
the
π-­‐container
monitoring,
protecQon
and
output
through
smart,
sustainable
and
seamless
π-­‐conveyors
automaQon
and
human
handling
In
π-­‐stores,
contemporary
racking
can
be
used,
however
innovaQons
in
storage
technologies
exploiQng
the
funcQonal
characterisQcs
of
modular
π-­‐containers
In
π-­‐stores,
A
highly
flexible
plug-­‐and-­‐play
π-­‐conveyor
are
bound
to
be
exploited
exploi<ng
the
standard
modular
modular
π-­‐containers
dimensions
and
interfaces
of
the
π-­‐ can
be
stacked
as
in
containers
container
port
terminals
π-­‐stores
Reference: Montreuil, B., R.D. Meller, E. Ballot (2010) Towards a physical internet: the impact on logistics facilities and material handling systems design and innovation, in Progress in Material Handling Research, Edited by K.
Gue et al., Material Handling Industry of America, 23 p., 2010.
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 35/75

36. LogisQcs
centers
designed
for
the
Physical
Internet
Transit Center
facilitating the
truck-to-truck
transshipment
of trailers along
relays networks
through the
Physical Internet#
Reference: Meller, R.D., B. Montreuil, C. Thivierge & Z. Montreuil (2012), Functional Design of Physical Internet Facilities: A Road-Based Transit Center, in Progress in Material Handling Research: 2012, MHIA,
Charlotte, NC, to appear (2012). "
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 36/75

37. Water&
Ocean, sea or river
MulQmodal
logisQcs
centers
designed
for
the
Physical
Internet,
enabling
seamless,
fast,
cheap,
safe,
reliable,
&
distributed,
mulQmodal
transport
and
deployment
of
π-­‐containers
across
the
Physical
Internet
Road&
Roadway
Physical
Internet
Road-­‐Rail
Hub
References
• Montreuil, B., R.D. Meller, E. Ballot (2010)
Towards a physical internet: the impact on logistics facilities and material handling
systems design and innovation,
in Progress in Material Handling Research 2010, Edited by K. Gue et al., Material
Handling Industry of America, 23 p.
• Ballot É., B. Montreuil & C. Thivierge (2012)
Functional Design of Physical Internet Facilities: A Road-Rail Hub,
in Progress in Material Handling Research 2012, Edited by B. Montreuil et al.,
Material Handling Industry of America, 34 p.
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 37/75

38. LogisQcs
centers
designed
for
the
Physical
Internet
Enabling
seamless,
fast,
cheap,
safe,
reliable,
&
distributed,
mul<modal
transport
and
deployment
of
π-­‐containers
across
the
Physical
Internet
Road
Hub
of
π-­‐containers
truck-­‐to-­‐truck
crossdocking
along
a
network
of
relays
through
the
Physical
Internet
Montreuil, B., R.D. Meller, C. Thivierge, C., and Z. Montreuil (2012), Functional Design of Physical Internet Facilities: A Unimodal Road-Based Crossdocking Hub,, in Progress in Material Handling Research: 2012, MHIA. "
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 38/75

39. Founda.ons*of*the*Physical*Internet*
Economical*
Efficiency*
Environmental* Societal*
Sustainability*
Physical
Internet
Move* Store*
Physical*Objects*
Realize* Supply* Use* Protocols
Mobility* Distribu.on* Realiza.on* Supply*
Web* Web* Web*
Logis.cs*Web*
Web*
Service*
Web* Protocols
opQmized
for
Open* Global* System* universal
interconnecQvity
Universal*interconnec.vity*
Physical* Opera.onal* Digital* regulaQng
Encapsula.on* Interfaces* Protocols*
the
mulQ-­‐layer
services
of
the
Physical
Internet
Technology* Business* Infrastructure*
Innova.on*
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 39/75

40. Standard
LogisQcs
Service
Protocols
Purchase#order#with#
Physical#characteris9cs#of#products:# L7# Supplier# delivery#requirements# Client#
Weight,(Volume,(Temperature,(Hazard5Level(
L7#
GeoJcharacteris9cs#of#order:#
Logis9cs#Web#Layer# Logis9cs#Web#Layer#
Single(vs.(mul<ple(des<na<ons,(
Order#monitoring#
Single(vs.(mul<ple(sourcing(loca<ons(
TimeJcharacteris9cs#of#order:#
Delivery(<me(specifica<ons(
L6# …#
Encapsula9on#Layer#
Encapsula9on#characteris9cs:( Shipment#&#πJcontainer#
Number(and(types(of(π5containers(( assignment#&#monitoring#
Assignment(of(products(to(π5containers((
L5#
Shipping#Layer#
Shipments#characteris9cs:# Route#assignment#
Number(of(shipments( &#monitoring#for#each#
Assignment(of(π5containers(to(shipments( shipment#&#πJcontainer#
Logis<cs(service(class(for(each(shipment(
L4#
Rou9ng#Layer#
Rou9ng#characteris9cs:# Network#state#monitoring#
Target(route(for(each(shipment,(
defined(as(sequences(of(segments/nodes,(
Route#segment##
assignment#&#monitoring# Standardized
L3#
with(<ming(specifica<ons(
Network#Layer# mulQ-­‐layered
Valida9on#&#monitoring#
Transport/handling#characteris9cs:(
Assignment(of(π5containers(to(π5means( of#each#flow#link#state#&# service
architecture
route#segment#move#orders#
Assignment(of(π5means(to(π5links(
L2# and
protocols
Link#Layer#
Move#characteris9cs:( πJcontainer#and#πJmeans##
Genera<on(of(loading,(moving,(sor<ng,( state/defect#monitoring#
storing,(retrieving(and(unloading(orders( &#move#order#tracking#
L1#
Data#transmiVed# Physical#Layer# Data#transmiVed#
to#the#lower#layer# to#the#upper#layer#
Open
LogisQcs
Interconnexion
Model
Montreuil
B.,
E.
Ballot
&
F.
Fontane
(2012).
An
Open
Logis;cs
Interconnec;on
Model
for
the
Physical
Internet,
Proceedings
of
INCOM
2012
Symposium,
Bucharest,
Romania,
2012/05/23-­‐25.
"
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 40/75

41. Deploy
capability
cerQficaQons
Multi-level Physical Internet capability certification
of containers, handling systems, vehicles,
information systems
ports, distribution centers,
roads, cities and regions,
protocols and processes,
and so on
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 41/75

42. Open
Performance
Monitoring
Live
open
monitoring
of
really
achieved
performance
of
all
π-­‐cerQfied
actors
and
enQQes,
on
key
performance
indices
on
criQcal
facets
such
as
speed,
service
level,
reliability,
safety
and
security
Such
live
performance
tracking
is
openly
available
worldwide
to
enable
fact-­‐based
decision
making
and
sQmulate
conQnuous
improvement
Open
informaQon
is
to
be
provided
in
respect
of
confidenQality
of
specific
transacQons
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 42/75

43. Founda.ons*of*the*Physical*Internet*
A
Global
System
Economical* Environmental* Societal*
Efficiency* Sustainability*
Physical*Objects*
Move* Store* Realize* Supply* Use*
The
Physical
Internet
Mobility* Distribu.on* Realiza.on* Supply* Service*
Web* Web* Web* Web* Web*
Logis.cs*Web*
Open* Global*
Universal*interconnec.vity*
System*
is
seamlessly
applicable
Physical* Opera.onal*
Encapsula.on*
Digital*
Interfaces* Protocols*
everywhere,
Technology* Business*
Innova.on*
Infrastructure* at
any
scale
Physical
Internet
Manifesto,
version
1.11
Professor
Benoit
Montreuil,
CIRRELT,
Université
Laval
Québec, 2012-11-07, 43/75