1. 1
Introduction: describing and
explaning L2 acquisition

2. What is ‘second language acquisition?
Second refer to any languange that is
learned subsequent to the mother
tongue.
Thus, it can refer to the learning of a
thirtd or fourth language.
Second is not intended to contrast with
‘foreign’.

3. L2 acquisition :
Can be define as the way in which
people learn a language other than
their mother tongue, inside or outside
of a classroom, and ‘Second
Language Acquisition’ SLA as the
study of this

4. What are the goals of SLA?
 Find the description of L2 acquisiation
 Explanation
 Identifiying the external and internal
factors that account for why learners
acquired an L2 in the way they do.

5. External Factors
 The social milieu in which learning
takes place.
 Social condition influence the
opportunities that learners have to
hear and speak the language and the
attitude that they develop towards it.
 The input that the learners receive, the
samples of language to which a
learner is exposed.

6. Internal Factor :
Leaner possess cognitive mechanisms
which enable them to extract
information about the L2 from the
inpot—to nitice.
Example:
The plurality in English is conveyed by
adding –s to a noun or that relative
pronoun ‘who’ and ‘which’ subtitude
respectively for human and non-
human noun.

7. Finally,
Learners possess communication the
strategies that can help them make
effective use of their L2 knowledge.

8. THE GOALS OF SLA
To describe how L2 aqcuisition
proceeds and to explain this
processand why some learners seem
to be better at it than other.

9. Two case studies
A case study is a detailed of study of a
learner’s acquisition of an L2.
The two case studies which we will now
examine were both longitudinal.

10. One is of an adult learner learning
English in suroundings where it serves
as a means of daily communication and
the other of two children learning
English classroom.

11. A case study of an adult learner
Wes = native of Japanese.
Visit Hawaii, in connection with his
work, that he had opportunities to use
English.
After three years , he become quite a
skilled conversation alist, very
effective at negitiating complex
business deals in English and even
able to give talks about his paintings in
english. He was also highly skilled at
repairing communication breakdowns.

12. A case study of two child learners
The focus of this study was request
and find out how two learners
acquired the ability to perform
requests for service and goods over
the period of study. Request can be
performed in variety of ways in
English.

13. By the end of the study,
Two learners’ ability to use requests had
grown considerably.

14. Methodological Issues
SLA researchers recognize the need
to investigate how the relationship
between form and fungtion in learners’
output compares with that of native
speakers.

15. Issues in the description of
learners language
Schmidt found that the order of
accuracy of the different grammatical
features that he investigated was the
same at the beginning of his study as
at the end.

16. Issues in the explanation of L2
acquisition.
why was acquisition in these learners
so incomplete?
- They simply needed more time to
learn.
- It also possible that L2 learners, like
children aqcuiring their L1, just stop
learning.

17. Thank You