9. LE 3-6 Na + Na + Cl – Cl – + + + + + + + + – – – – – – – – – – – When an ionic compound is dissolved in water, each ion is surrounded by a sphere of water molecules, a hydration shell
10. LE 3-7b Lysozyme molecule in a aqueous environment. Water can also dissolve compounds made of nonionic polar molecules Even large polar molecules such as proteins can dissolve in water if they have ionic and polar regions
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16. LE 3-8 pH Scale 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Oven cleaner Household bleach Household ammonia Milk of magnesia Seawater Pure water Human blood Urine Rainwater Black coffee Tomato juice Vinegar, beer, wine, cola Digestive (stomach) juice, lemon juice Battery acid Neutral [H + ] = [OH – ] Increasingly Acidic [H + ] > [OH – ] Increasingly Basic [H + ] < [OH – ]
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19. LE 3-9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 More basic Normal rain More acidic Acid rain