1. MUMPS

2. Definition and Etiology
 Mumps is a relatively mild short-term viral infection
of the salivary glands that usually occurs during
childhood. Typically, mumps is characterized by a
painful swelling of both cheek areas, although the
person could have swelling on one side or no
perceivable swelling at all. The salivary glands are
also called the parotid glands; therefore, mumps is
sometimes referred to as an inflammation of the
parotid glands (epidemic parotitis).
 The word mumps comes from an old English
dialect, meaning lumps or bumps within the
cheeks.

4. Signs and Symptoms
The symptoms of mumps are fatigue, slight feverishness and a
sore throat. This may precede the swelling in one’s body and
temperature up to 40°C.There may be swelling of the testicles
in males and the ovaries among females. The main symptoms
of mumps are given below:
 - Sore Throat.
 - Swelling of the parotid glands.
 - Slight Feverishness (for two to three days).
 - Loss of appetite.
 - Headache.
 - Fatigue.
 - Dry mouth.
 - Earache.
 - Stiff neck.
 - Nausea and vomiting.
 - Lower Abdominal pain in Women.
Mumps is usually harmless and its symptoms usually subside
within ten days if starting infection.

6. Mode of Transmission
Mumps is a highly contagious disease so it
can be easily spread. The most common
mumps transmission method is through
coughing or sneezing, which can spread
droplets of saliva and mucus infected with the
mumps virus known as paramyxovirus.
Transmission of the virus also occurs when
someone touches an infected surface and then
touches the eyes, nose, or mouth. The time
period between transmission and the
appearance of symptoms is anywhere from 12
to 25 days.

7. Period of Communicability
 When a person becomes infected with the mumps
virus, the virus begins to multiply within the nose,
throat, and lymph glands in the neck.
 After 16 to 18 days, on average, symptoms can
appear. This period between mumps transmission
and the start of mumps symptoms is called the
"incubation period." In some cases, the incubation
period can be as short as 12 days or as long as 25
days.
 A person is not contagious during the early mumps
incubation period. A person is most contagious
about three days prior to the onset of the swelling
of the salivary glands (called parotitis) to nine days
after the onset of symptoms.

8. Susceptibility and Resistance
 Mumps can be caught at any age. Having mumps
once usually confers lifelong immunity to catching it
again.
 Most cases of mumps are mild, but when
complications occur they can be serious. It is the
most common cause of viral meningitis.
 Don't underestimate the potential of mumps to
cause long term damage. A child must stay indoors
and get a lot of rest to avoid complications. An adult
with mumps is even more vulnerable to
complications. Mumps affects the salivary glands so
that the jowls swell up and the person looks hilarious.
The virus can also cause inflammation in the
pancreas, the ovaries, the testicles, the brain and the
ears. Sterility, brain damage or deafness can result
from improper care of a person with mumps.

9.  By affecting the pancreas, the virus can
cause diabetes. This was first documented
in 1899. The ovaries and testicles cannot
be damaged in a person who has not yet
reached puberty, which is one good
reason for getting mumps over with in
childhood.
 An adult male is the most vulnerable
to mumps, because men find it difficult to
rest in bed for a few days.

10. Methods of Control
 Key infections, including mumps, are under
constant surveillance, to detect significant
trends, to evaluate prevention and control
measures and to alert appropriate
professionals and organizations to infectious
disease threats.
 The most effective method of controlling
mumps is by maintaining high levels of
immunization among vulnerable groups or
whole populations.
 Mumps can be prevented by a highly
effective and safe vaccine. This is part of the
measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) immunization.

11.  A complete course of the two doses will protect
over 95% of children against measles, mumps
and rubella. The current immunization schedule
recommends one dose to be given at around 13
months and a second dose given at between 3-
5 years of age.
 The MMR vaccine has been used for nearly 30
years (it was introduced in the US in the 1970s), is
currently used in over 100 countries, and more
than 500 million doses have been given.
 Studies from around the world have shown MMR
to be a highly effective vaccine, with an
excellent safety record

12. Program for Prevention
 American courts have addressed many times the
legal issue of whether government can compel
vaccination, and have repeatedly supported
immunizations. States have many laws that spell
out what types of vaccinations people must have
in various circumstances. They also have federal
laws that specify the type of information that must
be given to parents before a child is immunized.
Under the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act,
Section 2126 of the Public Health Service Act, all
health care providers in the U.S. who administer
any vaccine containing diphtheria, tetanus,
pertussis, measles, mumps, rubella, or polio
vaccine shall, prior to administration of each dose
of the vaccine, provide a copy of the relevant
vaccine information materials that have been
produced by the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention.

13. In the Philippines, Republic Act 101521 is providing for
mandatory basic immunization services for infants
and children, repealing for the purpose of
Presidential decree number No. 996 as amended: Be
it enacted by the Senate and the House of
Representatives of the Philippines in Congress be
assembled:
 Section 1: Title. This act shall be known as the
Mandatory Infants and Children Health
Immunization Act of 2011.
 Section 2: Declaration of Policy. In accordance
with Article II, Section 15 of the Constitution, it is
hereby declared to be the policy of the State to
take a proactive role in the preventive health care
of infants and children. Toward this end, the State
shall adopt a comprehensive, mandatory and
sustainable immunization program for vaccine
preventable diseases for all infants and children.

14. Section 3: Coverage. The mandatory basic
immunization for all infants and children
provided under this act shall cover the following
Vaccine Preventable Diseases:
 Tuberculosis
 Diphtheria
 Poliomyelitis
 Measles
 Mumps
 Rubella or German Measles
 Hepatitis B
 Influenza
 Such other types as may be determined by
the Secretary of Health in a Department
Circular.

15. Prevention and Control
 A vaccine exists to protect against mumps. The
vaccine preparation (MMR) is usually given as part
of a combination injection that helps protect
against measles, mumps, and rubella. MMR is a live
vaccine administered in one dose between the
ages of 12-15 months, 4-6 years, or 11-12 years.
Because mumps is still prevalent throughout the
world, susceptible persons over age one who is
traveling abroad would benefit from receiving the
mumps vaccine.
 The mumps vaccine is extremely effective, and
virtually everyone should be vaccinated against
this disease. There are, however, a few reasons
why people should not be vaccinated against
mumps:

16.  -Pregnant women who contract mumps during
pregnancy have an increased rate of miscarriage,
but not birth defects. As a result, pregnant women
should not receive the mumps vaccine because
of the possibility of damage to the fetus. Women
who have had the vaccine should postpone
pregnancy for three months after vaccination.
 -Unvaccinated persons who have been exposed
to mumps should not get the vaccine, as it may
not provide protection. The person should,
however, be vaccinated if no symptoms result
from the exposure to mumps.
 -Persons with minor fever-producing illnesses, such
as an upper respiratory infection, should not get
the vaccine until the illness has subsided.

17.  -Because mumps vaccine is produced using
eggs, individuals who develop hives, swelling
of the mouth or throat, dizziness, or breathing
difficulties after eating eggs should not
receive the mumps vaccine.
 -Persons with immune deficiency diseases
and/or those whose immunity has been
suppressed with anti-cancer
drugs, corticosteroids, or radiation should not
receive the vaccine. Family members of
immunocompromised
people, however, should get vaccinated to
reduce the risk of mumps.

18. The END…