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The	degree	of	 
conviction	on	 
expected	future	 
changes	of	short-term 
	interest	 
determine	the	size	of	 
the	difference	 
between	D	and	H.		 
	 
demand for securities with short 
duration relative to horizon 
(D – H) 
Expected change in the interest rate 
The degree of conviction on 
expected future changes of short-term 
interest determine the size of 
the difference between D and H. 
demand	securities	 
with	short	duration		 
relative	to	horizon	 
(D	–	H)	 
	 
Expected	 
change	in	 
interest	rates	 
Restating	the	speculative	demand	for	 
money	in	terms	of	duration
-20%	 
3.00	 
3.50	 
4.00	 
4.50	 
5.00	 
40%	 
5.50	 
6.00	 
6.50	 
7.00	 
7.50	 
100%	 
8.00	 
0%	 
20%	 
60%	 
80%	 
6/1/00	 
12/1/00	 
6/1/01	 
12/1/01	 
6/1/02	 
12/1/02	 
6/1/03	 
12/1/03	 
6/1/04	 
12/1/04	 
6/1/05	 
12/1/05	 
6/1/06	 
12/1/06	 
6/1/07	 
12/1/07	 
6/1/08	 
12/1/08	 
6/1/09	 
12/1/09	 
6/1/10	 
12/1/10	 
6/1/11	 
12/1/11	 
6/1/12	 
12/1/12	 
6/1/13	 
12/1/13	 
6/1/14	 
PIMCO	Total	Return	Fund:	Historical	Maturity	Breakdown	and	Dura on	 
0-1	YRS	 1-3	YRS	 3-5	YRS	 5-10	YRS	 10-20	YRS	 20+	YRS	 Dura on	(in	years)
• Much of the policy discussion has been misplaced. They ignore the historical role NDBs play to 
foster development at different stages of economic growth.
Caplen 2011
0% 
40% 
45% 
15% 
50% 
25% 
55% 
60% 
40% 
65% 
5% 
10% 
20% 
30% 
35% 
Jan-02 
Apr-02 
Jul-02 
Oct-02 
Jan-03 
Apr-03 
Jul-03 
Oct-03 
Jan-04 
Apr-04 
Jul-04 
Oct-04 
Jan-05 
Apr-05 
Jul-05 
Oct-05 
Jan-06 
Apr-06 
Jul-06 
Oct-06 
Jan-07 
Apr-07 
Jul-07 
Oct-07 
Jan-08 
Apr-08 
Jul-08 
Oct-08 
Jan-09 
Apr-09 
Jul-09 
Oct-09 
Jan-10 
Apr-10 
Jul-10 
Oct-10 
Jan-11 
Apr-11 
Jul-11 
Oct-11 
Jan-12 
Apr-12 
Deposit money banks asset composition 
Treasury securities Reserves Foreign Assets Claim on the private sector (RHS)
Keynes’s Core Contributions to Finance: what are the lessons for Brazil?
Keynes’s Core Contributions to Finance: what are the lessons for Brazil?

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Keynes’s Core Contributions to Finance: what are the lessons for Brazil?

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. The degree of conviction on expected future changes of short-term interest determine the size of the difference between D and H. demand for securities with short duration relative to horizon (D – H) Expected change in the interest rate The degree of conviction on expected future changes of short-term interest determine the size of the difference between D and H. demand securities with short duration relative to horizon (D – H) Expected change in interest rates Restating the speculative demand for money in terms of duration
  • 6.
  • 7. -20% 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 40% 5.50 6.00 6.50 7.00 7.50 100% 8.00 0% 20% 60% 80% 6/1/00 12/1/00 6/1/01 12/1/01 6/1/02 12/1/02 6/1/03 12/1/03 6/1/04 12/1/04 6/1/05 12/1/05 6/1/06 12/1/06 6/1/07 12/1/07 6/1/08 12/1/08 6/1/09 12/1/09 6/1/10 12/1/10 6/1/11 12/1/11 6/1/12 12/1/12 6/1/13 12/1/13 6/1/14 PIMCO Total Return Fund: Historical Maturity Breakdown and Dura on 0-1 YRS 1-3 YRS 3-5 YRS 5-10 YRS 10-20 YRS 20+ YRS Dura on (in years)
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21. • Much of the policy discussion has been misplaced. They ignore the historical role NDBs play to foster development at different stages of economic growth.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37. 0% 40% 45% 15% 50% 25% 55% 60% 40% 65% 5% 10% 20% 30% 35% Jan-02 Apr-02 Jul-02 Oct-02 Jan-03 Apr-03 Jul-03 Oct-03 Jan-04 Apr-04 Jul-04 Oct-04 Jan-05 Apr-05 Jul-05 Oct-05 Jan-06 Apr-06 Jul-06 Oct-06 Jan-07 Apr-07 Jul-07 Oct-07 Jan-08 Apr-08 Jul-08 Oct-08 Jan-09 Apr-09 Jul-09 Oct-09 Jan-10 Apr-10 Jul-10 Oct-10 Jan-11 Apr-11 Jul-11 Oct-11 Jan-12 Apr-12 Deposit money banks asset composition Treasury securities Reserves Foreign Assets Claim on the private sector (RHS)

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. Source: Bernanke 2013
  2. Notes: Source: Bloomberg – Latest Data Available (July 25th 2013); (1) Calculated using the median data for each country/region; (2) Minimum required International standard: 8%.
  3. BIS annual report Jun 23: 54, 2013
  4. Source: Itau 2013 2QR, Institutional presentation
  5. ."A ideia de que vai reduzir o 'spread' porque vai reduzir o lucro dos bancos não funciona bem, porque a margem de redução é relativamente pequena. A necessidade de capital é grande, o custo do capital é elevado e se não tivermos condição de remunerar esse capital não teremos recursos para emprestar", Setubal 2012 "O 'spread' no Brasil é muito alto, doutor Roberto. Embora existam algumas razões, nós temos talvez o maior 'spread' do mundo. Não há razão para isso. Nós temos que ajustar isso. Vocês têm de ganhar mais no volume e menos na taxa, essa é a filosofia que eu procuro implementar nos bancos públicos. Dá para fazer mais",” Mantega, 2012 Mantega e banqueiro divergem sobre lucro e Crédito Gazeta do Povo
  6. Source: FSR bacen, sep, 2010, 20
  7. Source: Park 2012, IMF, p.10
  8. Source: Park 2012, IMF, p.16
  9. Source: Abrapp