Michel Gondry directed the music video for Bjork's song "Bachelorette" from her 1997 album Homogenic. The video depicts a woman leaving the forest and trying to live a normal life in the city, but ultimately finds herself happier returning to the forest. Gondry's video was praised for its original ideas and visual trickery that create a sense of being tricked or confused. His work in music videos draws from avant-garde techniques and examines concepts like repetition, illusion, and synchronistic phenomena.

1. Post-Jungian Film Theory – Michel Gondry
by Peter Miltz
ncls@iup.edu

2. Bjork
 Homogenic is the fourth studio album by Icelandic musician Björk, released
in September 1997.
 The music of Homogenic was a new style for Björk, focusing on similar
sounding music combining electronic beats and string instruments with songs
in tribute to her native country Iceland.
 Five singles were released from Homogenic: "Jóga", "Bachelorette", "Hunter",
"Alarm Call" and "All Is Full of Love".
 Homogenic was highly acclaimed on its initial release and continues to be
praised by critics, with Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine stating that "if not
the greatest electronic album of all time, it's certainly the greatest of its
decade".

3. Bachelorette
 Björk wanted Homogenic to have a conceptual focus on her native Iceland.
Producer Markus Dravs recalled Björk wanting it to sound like "rough volcanoes
with soft moss growing all over it...―
 Björk explained that "in Iceland, everything revolves around nature, 24 hours a
day. Earthquakes, snowstorms, rain, ice, volcanic eruptions, geysers... Very
elementary and uncontrollable.
 "Bachelorette" was originally written for director Bernardo Bertolucci for his film
Stealing Beauty. Björk later faxed Bertolucci, informing him the song would be
used for her album instead.
 "Bachelorette" was written with Icelandic poet Sjón, because Björk wanted to use
epic lyrics.
 A music video for "Jóga" directed by Michel Gondry was filmed in the middle of
1997 and was the first single for the album. "Bachelorette" was released in
December 1997 with another music video directed by Gondry.

4. Bachelorette (cont.)
 ―Because I wanted the lyrics to be so epic, I got my friend Sjón - who's a
poet in Iceland - to write them. We sat together at the kitchen table and
drank a lot of red wine and I told him the whole story for hours and days and
he wrote the words from that story. ‖
 The song is emotionally charged and theatrical, following the album's theme
of "beats and strings", but also includes other instruments like
timbales, timpani, Alp horn, accordion, etc., that make the song stronger and
more dramatic. Björk herself describes the song's story as "Isobel goes to
the city.―
 Part of Song Cycle:
 "Isobel― (1995)
 "Bachelorette― (1997)
 "Alarm Call― (1998)

5. Bjork Bachelorette - Lyrics
I'm a fountain of blood
In the shape of a girl
You're the bird on the brim
Hypnotized by the whirl
Drink me, make me feel real
Wet your beak in the stream
The game we're playing is life
Love is a two way dream
Leave me now, return tonight
The tide will show you the way
If you forget my name, you will go astray
Like a killer whale trapped in a bay

6. Bjork Bachelorette - Lyrics
I'm a path of cinders
Burning under your feet
You're the one who walks me
I'm your one way street
I'm a whisper in water
A secret for you to hear
You are the one who grows distant
When I beckon you near
Leave me now, return tonight
The tide will show you the way
If you forget my name, you will go astray
Like a killer whale trapped in a bay

7. Bjork Bachelorette - Lyrics
I'm a tree that grows hearts
One for each that you take
You're the intruders hand
I'm the branch that you break

8. Gondry
 Michel Gondry's music video for "Bachelorette" was nominated for Best Short
Form Music Video at the 1999 Grammy Awards, but lost to Jonas Åkerlund's
video for the Madonna song "Ray of Light".
 As Gondry describes it, "this character is leaving the forest and she decides
to go to the city to have a normal life. She tries her best and it doesn't work
out and she comes back to the forest and she is happier there.―
 The video was based on an original idea by Björk, who saw "Bachelorette" as
a continuation of the character portrayed in "Isobel" and "Human Behaviour".
 All three song lyrics were written by Björk's longstanding co-writer Sjón.

9. Synchronicity
 Greg Singh  Coincidence of events that seem to be meaningfully
related, conceived in Jungian theory as an explanatory principle on
the same order as causality.
The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition copyright ©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by
Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

10. Pleroma
 1: plenitude:
 a : the fullness of divine excellencies and powers <the pleroma of the Godhead
resides in Christ corporeally — Philip Schaff>
 b : the fullness of being of the divine life held in Gnosticism to comprise the aeons
as well as the uncreated monad or dyad from which they have proceeded
 Etymology: LL, fullness, fr. Gk plērōma that which fills, fr. plēroun to make
full, fr. plērēs full
© 2013 Merriam-Webster, Incorporated

11. Archetype of the Self

12. Post-Jungian Film Concepts
 Syzygy – a conjunction in the opposition of the sexes characterizing many
images of the unified self constituting deep identification with the Self (this is
an element of our archetypal past) (Singh 147)
 Contrasexuality – those aspects of the personality that most typify one’s
gender opposite (Singh 127)
 We access the Self through the film experience
 Expressions go beyond filmmakers choices; filmmakers cannot control
expressions.
 Expression is a two way street, both the camera and the individual perceive;
both the film and the individual express

13. Post-Jungian Film Concepts (cont.)
 Shots relate to other shots, NOT to the audience
 Realist elements are causes and effects that exist within the world of the film
 Formalist elements are causes and effects that come from outside the world
of the film
 Realism is what the viewer of the film thinks, feels, or physically reacts to
 Formalism is what elements form the film
 Singh wants to bring realism and formalism together

14. Post-Jungian Film Concepts (cont.)
 Essential self and prior value of self – primary and a priori (at the beginning
of a film, I am an ideal self-constructing an identity through, and only
through, the film
 ―Being-in-the-world is…a fundamentally intersubjective and mediated state of
existence, affectively responding to the here and now, while also negotiating
the emotional impact of historical and social being.‖
 ―so cinema does not simply stand in for a particular reality...we take it that
way…it doesn’t prerecord reality; it creates its own reality…it will always have
gaps until we can insert our own point of view…film does not merely reflect
pre-existing ideology (Singh 54-67)

15. The Circle as a Symbol of the Film – Dr.
Slater
 Here, the indefinable realm consists of those intangible aspects of the film,
e.g. in Vertigo, examples would be the scene in the McKittrick Hotel and the
luminescence that appears behind Kim Novak.
 The middle realm here is made up of each individual viewer’s readings of the
film
 The upper realm consists of the filmmaker’s intentions.

16. The Circle as a Symbol of the World – Dr.
Slater
 Here, the indefinable realm is analogous to the mirror stage of the self, but is
made up of Jung’s ―natural archetypes.‖
 Here, the middle realm consists of institutions, laws, and symbols.
 The upper realm is physical reality, which also includes symbols.
 The World is the basis of our nature, of who we are and from which our lives
proceed.

17. The Circle as a Symbol of the Self – Dr.
Slater
 Mirror stage (indefinable stage) is prior to the symbolic stage. Here the infant
exists prior to the development of the concept on ―other‖; the infant is
unable to distinguish itself from the environment (this world is both
dangerous and enlightening). The infant’s body is what contains them and
they recognize that image in the mirror as the ideal self.
 Patriarchal structures exist in the world that the infant enters following the
mirror stage. The western cultural paradigm is patriarchal, focused on
achievement, competition, and ―be all you can be.‖ Also, the western cultural
view of the progress of time is linear.
 The symbolic realm which is dominated by patriarchal structures in Western
culture contains strong elements of discipline, regulation, and other
constructs of this kind.
 Being unable to define oneself according to the symbols around us leads to
either genius or psychosis.

18. Gondry’s Approach to Making Music Videos
 Gondry now works in mainstream feature and owe much to his origins as a
short filmmaker. (Singh 193)
 His work feeds off avant-garde techniques and idiosyncratic concerns with
repetition and the human mind, and a preoccupation with visual illusion and
narrative trickery. (Singh 193)
 The result of these concerns is that his work often comes close to
representing synchronistic phenomena such as doubling, acausality, and
incidence/coincidence, perhaps more than any other director working in
popular film today. (Singh 193)
 Gondry uses ―impact aesthetics‖, an approach where ―narrative in its most
conventional sense is less important than promotion of the product.‖ (Singh
193)

19. Gondry’s Approach to Making Music Videos
(cont.)
 ―In the shot it doesn’t look like there was a trick, but there was a trick.‖ (Spike
Jonez)
 These simple visual devices have their roots in the ―earliest cinema: the audience
is drawn into a fascination or astonishment via the spectacle of having been
tricked. This realization is, once again, a largely retrospective phenomenon,
becoming fully conscious and realized through the audience’s awareness of the
trickery. One might argue, in fact, that it does not matter whether the audience
knows the secret of the trick or not – it is the perception that they have been
tricked that is uncomfortable or pleasurable, and therefore spectacular. (Singh
196)
 Gondry takes contemporary filmmaking back to its origins, stripping off the
somewhat unnecessary accoutrements of stardom and commerciality, while
simultaneously pushing the medium to its extreme, going beyond what has gone
before. His filmmaking and video art point to a future in which subversive
humour, carnivalesque attention to detail, and careful visualization of meaningful
relation between subjects, objects, and the world have a place. (Singh 196)

20. Gondry in His Own Words
 You don't want to be too self-aware of who you are or what you're doing. It's
only something that can be appreciated after the fact, not in the process of
doing it. If you just decide, "Okay, I'm going to do something weird," that
would be shallow, I think. You don't do something weird because it's weird.
You do something weird because that's your experience. You can't make a
movie about romance without having been in love. And you can't make a
movie that's genuinely weird unless you've experienced truly weird things in
your life.
 Sometimes mistakes inspire things like that. Confusion can lead to great
ideas.
 It's about feeling like a stranger when you're in a group of strangers. We've
all had that experience. We've all arrived at a party and felt like everybody
else knows each other and you're the outsider. But if you stick around long
enough, you realize that most people feel the same way you do.

21. Michel Gondry – ―Bachelorette‖
 Watch the film itself!

22. Works Cited
 http://www.esquire.com/blogs/culture/michel-gondry-interview-15189418
 http://songmeanings.com/songs/view/47883/
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homogenic
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelorette_(song)
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S1QtZqCiP7s (Isobel)
 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/3670796/Michel-Gondry-the-madscientist-of-cinema.html
 Singh, Greg. Film After Jung: Post-Jungian Approaches to Film Theory.
Routledge; 1 edition (July 11, 2009)