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FACULTY OF SCIENCE/ WETENSKAP FAKULTEIT
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY/ PLANTKUNDE DEPARTEMENT
LS1AFET
LIFE SCIENCE 1A FET/ LEWENSWETENSKAP 1A FET
APK CAMPUS/ KAMPUS
SEMESTER TEST 1/ SEMESTER TOETS 1 MEMORANDUM
23 MARCH 2012/ 23 MAART 2012
DATE/DATUM: 23 MARCH/MAART 2012
SESSION/SESSIE: 08H00 – 09H35
ASSESSOR: DR. M. COCHRANE
INTERNAL/INTERNA MODERATOR MRS. J. WILLIAMSON
DR. A. NEL
DURATION/TYD: 1½ HOURS
TOTAL MARKS/TOTAAL: 90
NUMBER OF PAGES: 6 PAGES/ AANTAL BLADSYE: 6 BLADSYE
Please read the following instructions carefully/ Lees asb. die volgende instruksies
versigtig deur:
1. Answer all the questions in the question paper. / Beantwoord al die vrae in die
vraestel.
2. Answer ALL of the questions in the test book./ Beantwoord AL die vrae in die
toetsboek.
3. Work neatly./ Werk netjies.
4. Read your questions carefully./ Lees die vrae sorgvuldig deur.
5. Good Luck./ Sterkte.

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QUESTION/VRAAG 1 [8]
Choose the alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Only
write down the correct letter next to the appropriate question number in your answer
book./ Kies die alternatief wat die stelling die beste voltooi of die vraag beantwoord. Skryf
slegs die korrekte letter langs die toepaslike vraagnommer op jou antwoordblad neer.
1.1 Chitin ___________./Chitien _________
A. forms part of the cell wall of woody plants./ vorm deel van die selwand van houtagtige
plante.
B. has glucose monomers that contain a nitrogen containing appendage./ het
glukose monomere wat stikstof aanhangsels bevat.
C. forms a subcutaneous (below skin) insulation layer to heat up animals in cold areas./
vorm ‘n onderhuidse insulasie vetlaag om die diere in koue areas warm te hou.
D. consists of polypeptides and range in length from a few to more than a thousand
(1000) monomers./ bestaan uit polipeptiede en verskil in lengte vanaf ‘n paar tot meer
as ‘n duisend (1000) monomere.
1.2 Which one (1)of the following statements is not true about enzymes?/ Watter een (1)
van die volgende stellings is nie waar aangaande ensieme nie?
A. Enzymes are biological catalysts of metabolic processes./ Ensieme is biologiese
katalisators van metaboliese prosesse.
B. Most enzymes are proteins./ Meeste ensieme is proteiene.
C. Enzymes increase the speed of chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy./
Ensieme verhoog die spoed van die chemiese reaksies deur die aktiverings energie
te verlaag.
D. Enzymes are inactivated and denatured by low temperatures./ Ensieme word
geinaktiveel en gedenatureer by lae temperature.
1.3 A phospholipid is composed of ___________./ ‘n Fosfolipied bestaan uit_____
A. one (1) fatty acid molecule linked to three (3) glycerol molecules./ een (1)
vetsuurmolekule wat gebind word aan drie (3) gliserolmolekules.
B. one (1) glycerol molecule linked to three (3) phosphate groups./ een (1) gliserol
verbind aan drie (3) fosfaatgroepe.
C. one (1) fatty acid molecule linked to one (1) glycerol molecule and two (2) phosphate
groups./ een (1) vetsuurmolekule verbind aan een (1) gliserolmolekule en twee (2)
fosfaatmolekules.
D. one (1) glycerol molecule linked to one (1) phosphate group and two (2) fatty

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acids./ een (1) gliserolmolekule veerbind aan een (1) fosfaatgroep en twee (2)
vetsure.
1.4 Mitosis occurs in ___________./ Mitose vind in _________________
A. all somatic cells of plants./ alle somatiese selle van plante plaas.
B. gametes./ gamete plaas.
C. sperm cells./ spermselle plaas.
D. all meristematic cells in plants./ alle meristematiese selle in plante plaas.
1.5 The centrosome ___________./ Die sentrosoom __________
A. connects the chromatids./ verbind die chromatiedes.
B. is found in the chromatin./ word in die chromatien gevind.
C. helps with mitosis in plant cells./ help met mitose in plantselle.
D. consists of two (2) centriole./ bestaan uit twee (2) sentrioli.
1.6 A deficiency of this vitamin causes Pellagra./ ‘n Te kort aan hierdie vitamien
veroorsaak Pellagra.
A. Vitamin/ Vitamien B1
B. Vitamin/ Vitamien B2
C. Vitamin/ Vitamien B3
D. Vitamin/ Vitamien C
1.7 A deficiency of which nutrient can cause prostate cancer?/ ‘n Te kort aan watter
voedingstof kan prostaatkanker veroorsaak?
A. Zink/ Sink
B. Sodium/ Natrium
C. Iron/ Yster
D. Calcium/ Kalsium
1.8 Which nutrient is required for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland?/ Wattter
voedingstof word benodig vir die behoorlike funksionering van die tiroiedklier?
A. Zinc/ Sink
B. Iodine/ Jodium
C. Fluorine/ Fluoor
D. Magnesium

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QUESTION 2/ VRAAG 2 [10]
Give the correct biological term for each of the following statements. Only write down the
correct term next to the appropriate question number on the answer sheet./ Gee die
korrekte biologiese term vir elk van die volgende stellings. Skryf slegs die korrekte term
langs die toepaslike vraagnommer op die antwoordblad neer.
2.1 Monomers of carbohydrates./ Monomere van koolhidrate. Monosaccharides
2.2 The symptoms of this disease include a distended abdomen and an enlarged liver./
Die simptome van hierdie siekte sluit ‘n opgeswelde abdomen en vergrote lewer in.
Kwashiorkor
2.3 Photograph of a cell taken under a microscope./ Foto wat onder ‘n mikroskoop
geneem is. Photomicrograph
2.4 Structure in eukaryotic cells that produces rRNA./ Struktuur in ‘n eukariotiese sel wat
rRNA produseer. Nucleolus
2.5 The process to form a disaccharide./ Die proses wat ‘n disakkaried vorm.
Dehydration synthesis
2.6 A condition caused by high levels of cholesterol in the blood./ ‘n Toestand wat
veroorsaak word deur hoë cholesterolvlakke in die bloed. Artherosclerosis
2.7 A fibrous protein consisting of three (3) polypeptides coiled like a rope./’n Veselagtige
proteien wat uit drie (3) polipeptiede bestaan wat opgerol is soos ‘n tou. Collagen
2.8 This scientist developed a microscope with one (1) lens./ Hierdie wetenskaplike het ‘n
mikroskoop met een (1) lens ontwikkel. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
2.9 The scientist who said that all cells can be traced back to their origin./ Hierdie
wetenskaplike wat gesê het dat alle selle tot hul oorsprong terug gevind kan word.
August Weismann
2.10 The structure connecting the duplicated chromosome./ Die struktuur wat die
gedupliseerde chromosome verbind. Centromere
QUESTION 3/ VRAAG 3 [8]
Provide a short definition for each of the following:/ Verskaf ‘n kort definisie vir elk van die
volgende:
3.1 Hydrolysis/ Hidrolise
The chemical breakdown of a compound by adding (or reaction with) water e.g.
when starch is broken down by the process of hydrolysis (adding water) it
forms several glucose molecules used for energy production.
3.2 Adipose cells/ Adiposeselle
For cushioning around vital organs (shock absorption) - protection.

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3.3 Sickle cell disease/ Sekelselanemie
An inherited blood disorder, results from a single amino acid substitution in the
protein hemoglobin.
3.4 Activation energy/ Aktiveringsenergie
The energy that must be added to molecules, to cause the molecules to react
with one another.
3.5 Substrates/ Substrate
Are the reactants which the enzyme must either help break up or help to bond
together.
3.6 Rickets/ Ragitis
Deforming of the bones in children due to a deficiency of calcium (Ca) and
phosphorous (P).
3.7 Prokaryotic cells/ Prokariotiese selle
Cells without a membrane bound nucleus e.g. bacteria, archaea.
3.8 Metastasize/ Metastaseer
Exporting cancer cells to other parts of the body, where they may form
secondary tumors.
QUESTION 4/ VRAAG 4 [18]
4.1 Distinguish between glucose and glycogen./ Onderskei tussen glukose en
glikogeen. (4)
Glycogen
Is glucose stored in animals – storage in liver and muscle cells
Is a polysaccharide
Glucose
Is a direct form of energy supply
Is a monosaccharide
4.2 Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow./ Bestudeer die
diagram hieronder en beantwoord die vrae wat volg.
4.2.1 What molecule is represented in the diagram above?/ Watter molekule word in die
diagram hierbo voorgestel? (1)
Saturated fat

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4.2.2 List four (4) main properties of the molecule represented in the diagram above./ Lys
die vier (4) eienskappe van die molekule wat in die diagram hierbo voorgestel
word. (4)
ANY 4
 Solid/ hard fats at room temperature
 From animals like butter
 No double bonds between C-atoms – all carbons attached to hydrogen's
 No kinks in carbon chains
 Cause atherosclerosis – cardiovascular complications
4.3 Name three (3) components of nucleotides./ Noem drie (3) komponente van
nukleotiedes. (3)
Each nucleotide consists of a
 nitrogenous base,
 a pentose sugar, and
 a phosphate group
4.4 Briefly describe a DNA molecule./ Beskryf die DNA molekule kortliks. (6)
 Has 2 polynucleotide chains
 Spiraling around an imaginary axis, forming a double helix
 Bases in DNA pair up
 Form hydrogen bonds:
 Adenine (A) always with thymine (T)
 Guanine (G) always with cytosine (C)
QUESTION 5/ VRAAG 5 [8]
5.1 List and describe the properties of water that contribute to Earth’s fitness for life./ Lys
en beskryf die eienskappe van water wat daartoe bydrae dat lewe op Aarde moontlik
is.
 1. Cohesive behavior
Contributes to upward water transport in plants by holding the water
column together.
 2. Ability to moderate temperature
Water resists temperature changes when it absorbs or releases heat. As
a result water keeps temperature fluctuations within a range suitable for
life.

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 3. Expansion upon freezing
Water is less dense as a solid than it is as a liquid, therefore ice floats.
Prevents deep bodies of water from freezing solid from the bottom up.
As water freezes it releases heat to the water below and insulates it.
Makes the transitions between seasons less abrupt.
 4. Versatility as a solvent
Able to dissolve a large variety of solutes
QUESTION 6/ VRAAG 6 [22]
Study the following diagram and answer the questions that follow./Bestudeer die volgende
diagram en beantwoord die vrae wat volg.
6.1 Is this a plant or animal cell? Give two reasons for your answer./ Is hierdie ‘n plant- of
diersel? (3)
Animal – no cell wall, no chloroplasts, no large central vacuole, centrosome
present
6.2 Provide a label and a function for structures numbered 1 – 5./ Verskaf ‘n byskrif en ‘n
funksie vir al die strukture wat 1-5 genommer is. (10)
1: Nucleus – genetic information
2: Plasma membrane – encloses cell
3: Rough ER – membrane synthesis and metabolic processes
4: Mitochondrion – respiration and ATP generation
5: Golgi apparatus – active in synthesis & secretion of cell products

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6.3 Draw and label an enlarged version of structure 4./ Teken en benoem ‘n vergrootte
weergawe van struktuur 4. (4)
Heading: 1 mark
Labels: 3 marks
Figure: Drawing of a mitochondrion
6.4 Describe how oxygen and water would enter the cell above./ Beskryf hoe water en
suurstof die sel binne kan gaan. (5)
 Oxygen is a non-polar molecule
 It can dissolve in the lipid bilayer of the membrane and can cross without the
aid of membrane proteins.
 Water is a polar molecule, needs the aid of proteins to get across the
membrane.
 Hydrophyllic substances can avoid contact with the hydrophobic lipid bilayer
by passing through transport proteins
 Aquaporins – channel proteins for the transport of water
QUESTION 7 [16]
Study the following diagram and answer the questions that follow./ Bestudeer die volgende
diagram en beantwoord die vrae wat volg.

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7.1 Name the process that the cell in the diagram is undergoing./ Noem die proses wat
die sel in die diagram ondergaan. (1)
Mitosis
7.2 Which phase of the process in question 7.1 is depicted in the diagram?/ Watter fase
van die proses in vraag 7.1 word in die diagram voorgestel? (2)
Teleophase
7.3 Draw and label the phase that precedes the phase in the diagram. / Teken en
benoem die fase wat die fase in die diagram voorafgaan. (5)
Heading: 1 mark
Labels: 2 marks
Drawing: 2 marks
Figure: Anaphase
7.4 How many homologous chromosomes do humans have?/ Hoeveel homoloë
chromosome het ‘n mens? (1)
23
7.5 Describe what happens during interphase of the cell cycle. / Beskryf wat gebeur
tydens interfase van die selsiklus. (4)
Interphase includes:
G1: growth
S: DNA synthesis – chromosomes copied
G2: growth & prep for cell division
7.6 Briefly discuss malignant tumours./ Bespreek kwaadaardige tumors kortliks. (3)
 Invade surrounding tissues and can metastasize
 Exporting cancer cells to other parts of the body, where they may form
secondary tumors.
 They do not exhibit anchorage dependence or density dependent inhibition.
TOTAL/ TOTAAL: 90
daughter chromosome
kinetochore microtubule