Sequence stratigraphy and its applications

2.  Introduction
*Definition
*History
 Terms related
 Applications
 Conclusion
 References

3.  Definition:
Study of strata in terms of sequence is
the Sequence Stratigraphy
The 'sequence' part of the name refers to
cyclic sedimentary deposits which are
genetically related. The term ‘Stratigraphy'
refers to the geologic knowledge about the
processes by which sedimentary deposits form
and how those deposits change through time
and space on the Earth's surface.

4.  1788 - James Hutton first recognized
unconformities. Father of modern geology
today.
 1949 Larry Sloss used unconformities to define
the boundaries of a sequence.
 Peter Vail and his Exxon team submitted and
published the Vail (or Exxon) curve in 1977, a
monograph that represents global eustatic sea-
level changes based on seismic and
biostratigraphic data.

5.  Eustatic sea level,Relative sea level

6.  Transgression,Regression and forced
regression
 Transgressive system Tract(TST)
 Maximum flooding surface(MSF)
 Highstand system tracts(HST)

7.  Sequence boundaries
Sequence boundaries are deemed the most
significant surfaces.Sequence boundaries are defined as
unconformities or their correlative conformities.
 Para sequence
A parasequence is a relatively conformable,
genetically related succession of beds and bedsets
bounded by marine flooding surfaces and their
correlative surfaces.These are building blocks of
sequences

8. TYPES OF SEQUENCE BOUNDARIES:
TYPE 2
TYPE 1
figure adapted from Van Wagoner et al. (1990)

9.  High Resolution Stratigraphy
 Go up to the tune of 0.5 millions of years
changes in sedimentation, sedimentary
environment
 Basin formation, evolution of basin,
 Evaluation of the basin
 Cyclic sedimentation and its controls
 Hydrocarbon exploration
 Eustatic sea level change
 Source Rock evaluation

10. a) Authors have applied sequence stratigraphic study to
the beds exposed in Soma quarry section near
Gowripatnanm of Rajmundry, A.P area to understand
the mode of depositional process in the basin by
integrating litho and biostratigrapic data. This study
shows the sequence boundary,TST,MFS and HST
deposits got exposed as Sea rise and fall.
(Reference:N.Malarkodi and U.B Mallikarjuna-Sequence
Stratigraphy on Soma Quarry Section-A.P,Journal of GIS-
August,2010)

11. A case study on an out crop section

12. 12
b)
For Subsurface sediments

13.  Sequence stratigraphy is a useful alternative to a
lithostratigraphic approach, which emphasizes
similarity of the lithology of rock units rather than time
significance.
 Sequence Stratigraphy studies are beset with excellent
potential not only for fundamental progress in
geological comprehension substantively improved
resolution but also in diverse economic geology
exploration hydrocarbon coal or others
 Sequence Stratigraphy has developed into a powerful,
predictive facies analysis tool
 Most suitable for subsurface than out crop samples

14.  Grey Nichols (2009) Sedimentology and
Stratigraphy ,Wiley-Blackwell Publn.,pp. 349-373
 Sequence Stratigraphy(2004) National Workshop
on Sequence Stratigraphy-
Proceedings.University of Bangalore
 Websites
 www.uga.edu/strata/sequence
 www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence_stratigra
phy