PE 459 LECTURE 2- natural gas basic concepts and properties
SPECIAL PURPOSE GLASSES IN CONSTRUCTION
1.
2.
3. Thermochromic windows are the most advanced, yet
simplest, dynamic window technology available and are
quickly growing in popularity and being installed
in many commercial, retail and residential buildings
throughout the world.
The thermochromic glass simply uses heat
from direct sunlight to tint the windows
when necessary.
Thermochromic Windows
4. The more direct and intense the sunlight is on the
glass the darker it will become. This allows the
windows to drastically reduce the heat load coming
into the building and because the glass transmission
adapts continuously over a range of temperatures, a
natural balance and maximum use of daylighting is
achieved. By design, thermochromic windows help
reduce glare, fading and noise, and increase safety.
5. Thermochromic windows consist on a common safety
interlayer, made from extruding special thermochromic
materials into polyvinyl butyral (PVB), laminated
between two pieces of heat strengthened or tempered
glass and placed into an insulated glass unit (IGU) with a
low emissivity coating. A warm edge spacer is also
recommended.
6.
7. . Due to the laminated design, a thermochromic glass
laminate can be used as a building block to meet most
building codes and design requirements.
The interlayer can be laminated to nearly any tint or
thickness of glass and used with high-performance Low-e
coatings and specialty glass. Operable or fixed windows,
doors and skylights can all be made using thermochromic
glass
8. Windows are known that change between
clear and light scattering with changing
temperature. This change is based on lower
critical solution temperature (LCST) phase
change materials that in the past were
inadvertently called thermochromic.
9. These materials are better described as thermotropic
since there is a phase change or change in state of the
materials and there is no change in "chroma" in these
systems. In addition, there are systems based on liquid
crystals between crossed polarizers that are sometimes
called thermochromic but these liquid crystal systems
are also better described as thermotropic.
11. Buildings that are vulnerable to fire are
fundamentally unsustainable. Fire damage
can affect lives and communities, through
destruction of jobs and public assets.
Combining fire safety and integrity with
transparency and the ability to bring light
into buildings presents significant technical
challenges.
12. It offer three technology types – wired glass, modified
super-toughened glass and a special proprietary clear
intumescent interlayer technology. The latter not only
protects against flames and smoke, but also against
the heat of a fire, and heat transfer mechanisms.
All these products can be combined with other
functional glasses to provide additional features, such
as solar control, thermal insulation, noise control, and
impact safety. Unlike other systems dependent on
external energy sources and water availability, fire-
resistant products offer passive and sustainable
protection, with a long-lasting life cycle and reliability.
13.
14. What is Low-E Glass?.
Glass is one of the most popular and
versatile building materials used today.
One reason is because of its constantly
improving solar and thermal
performance.
And one way this performance is
achieved is through the use of passive
and solar control low-e coatings
.
15.
16.
17. Low-E Glass
"Low-E Glass" refers to a series of high-performance
low-emissivity products.
The vacuum sputtering process coats glass surfaces
with several layers of different materials. Among
these, a silver layer effectively reflects infrared rays
while maintaining excellent thermal performance.
18. Beneath the silver layer is an anti-
reflective tin oxide (SnO2) base layer that
increases the transparency of the
glass,Above the silver layer is an isolating
nickel-chromium (NiCr) alloy coating.
The main function of the top anti-
reflective tin oxide (SnO2) layer is to
protect the other coating layers. This
product offers the high transparency, low
reflectivity, good thermal insulating and
energy-saving properties required of
modern architectural glass.
19. ‧Almost neutral in color.
‧Highly transparent to visible light
(wavelength 380nm ~780nm), will not
cause significant glare problems due to
high reflectance of visible light.
‧Allows most sunlight in the visible
range to enter without altering its
natural color. Provides excellent natural
illumination and saves energy by
reducing the need for artificial lighting.
Benefits:
20. ‧ Relatively high reflectance
of infrared radiation
(wavelength 780nm~
3,000nm). In particular,
reflects nearly all long-wave
infrared(wavelength over
3,000nm). Blocks the
entrance of large amounts of
heat, and leaves interior
comfortably cool in the
summer and warm in the
winter
21. ‧The right assembly suitable for energy-
saving glass curtain walls and skylights in
modern Green Building located in hot
subtropical areas, such as Taiwan.
Use:
22. Types of Product:
‧Single Low-E Glass (SLE)
‧Double Low-E Glass (DLE)
‧Low-E-Sun Layer Glass (LES)
‧Ti-based Low-E Glass (TLE)
Specification:
‧ Thickness:3mm ~ 19mm
‧Max. size:236" x 130" (6000mm
x 3300mm)
‧Min. size:39" x 12" (991mm x
305mm)
‧Low-E insulating glass max. size:
236" x 96" (6000mm x 2440mm)
23.
24. Solar control glass is a hi-tech
product developed by the glass
industry to allow sunlight to
pass through a window or
façade while radiating and
reflecting away a large degree
of the sun's heat. The indoor
space stays bright and much
cooler than would be the case
if normal glass were used
Solar control glass
25. Windows - Solar Control Glass
Solar control glass can be used to keep
interiors more comfortable by preventing
excessive heat buildup in sunny weather
without the need for costly air
conditioning or blinds.
.
26. Solar control glass has a
microscopically thin coating on one
side that reflects heat from the sun
to the outside. This helps to
prevent overheating in
conservatories and large areas of
glazing. It can also reduce
uncomfortable glare from direct
sunlight.
How does it work?
27.
28. Using a solar control glass
allows for large areas of
glazing without excessive
heat buildup in summer. This
is particularly useful in glass
conservatory roofs or south
facing glazed areas.
Benefits
29. Reflects up to 2/3 heat from
the sun to keep interiors
cooler, even with large areas
of glazing such as
conservatories.
Less need for costly air
conditioning or unsightly
blinds for maximum light and
a feeling of space.
An energy efficient way to
keep interiors cooler
30. Filters uncomfortable glare from the
sun, whilst letting in lots of natural
light.
An attractive and luxurious alternative
to plastic roofs.
When used in combination with other
products, solar control glass for
windows provides a range of benefits.
These include multi-functional glazing
such as thermal insulation (for round-
the-year comfort), low-maintenance,
noise reduction, decorative value and
enhanced safety & security.
31. APPLICATIONS
For many years architects and
designers have been looking for
new construction materials that
would open up the commer-cial
and residential buildings to the
exterior world. They have been
fascinated with the properties of
glass which proved to be the
perfect construction material for
the modern era. It offers quality
and beauty, helps save energy, and
allows for easy assembly.
32. Among its various qualities,
there is one which is
especially useful for offices
and public facilities, namely
solar protection. Solar control
glass adds character to a
building and reduces
undesirable heating of the
elevation regarding a type of
coating.
33. Types of glass
Solar control glass can be divided into
absorptive and reflective glass, based
on their visual characteristics and the
ability to reduce solar radiation. PRESS
GLASS offers three types of solar
control glass:
.
34. THE ABSORPTIVE float glass,
flat and transparent, with
blue, brown, grey or green
tint. It may be used in single
glazing or double glazing. This
is applied to reduce the
transmittance of solar energy
35. THE REFLEXIVE float glass – flat and transparent, neutralor dyed to
blue, brown, grey or green in the glass structure, while also coated
with metal oxides for proper reflective ef-fect. This is applied to
control light, and reduce solar energy transmittance. It may be
used in single glazing or double glaz-ing – regarding a type of
coating.
36. THE SELECTIVE float glass – flat and
transparent, neutralor dyed to blue,
brown, grey or green in the glass
structure, and coated with a metal oxide
multilayer, with the aim of achieving the
appropriate effect of reflection, control
of isolation of rooms, as well as limiting
the penetration of solar energy plus a
high level of thermal protection. It may
be used only in double glazing.