4. PHYSICAL CONDITIONS
Etruscans worshipped many
gods. They had belief one
has to live the life as per
divine will.
Roman’s obtained suitable
earth for making terracotta.
They invited a new order of
architecture namely the
Tuscan order.
5. CHARACTERISTICS FEARTURES:-
The roman followed the
columnar and trabeated styled
of Greek and also adopted
Etruscan’s Arch and vault.
The use of lime concrete was
started in roman period.
Barrel Vault
Column with
Entablature
10. PROPORTIONING OF ROMAN CLASSIC ORDERS:
Name of Roman order Height of column in
terms of lower diameter
Height of entablature in
terms of lower diameter
Doric 8 2
Ionic 9 2 ¼
Corinthian 10 2 ½
Composite 10 2 ½
Tuscan 7 1 1/3
Etruscan were the early settler of west central part of ItalyThe ancient capital Rome founded near river Tiber was protected by seven surrounding hills (very mountainous)The roman’s art and culture spread over Europe, western Asia and northern Africa which later on came under the roman empire.
Roman’s skill in plumbing and town planning had their origin in Etruria.People loved chariot racing was most popularTheir culture founded on love, peace, enjoying music, dancing and banquets, shows on frescoes, display their love of good life.
Early Romans used both columns, arches and beams for their buildings.Lime plaster was used outside the walls and vault and marble stucco within.The plan were complex in appearance and hidden in design and display an impression of vastness.
Types of vaults – semi circular vault or barrel vault.- Cross vault formed by intersection of two semi circular vaults of same span used over the same part- Hemispherical dome
Semicircle facing elaborate stage structure. Since they open to sky, the only enclosed spaces of theaters and amphitheater were the complex system of passages and stairs that gave access to the seating.
Romans called for vast clusters of enclosed spaces in varied sizes and shapes, making full use of vault and dome contrition.The sequence of warm, hot, very hot led to the frigidarium, a large pool open to the sky.Areas were provided for gymnastic exercise and sports, for social relaxation, and even for a library.Arches opening for permitted daylight to enter halls.
Public Buildings:Complex life in Rome required public buildings for civic and administrative functions These activities led to the Forum and the BasilicaFirst forum was built during the 6th centuryFirst century ACE the Forum Julium became the prototype for all imperial forums. Julius Caesar planned it and Augustus completed it. It’s now in ruins ForumPlan of the Roman and Imperial Forums, RomePolitical, religious, social, and commercial centerShops went elsewhere and forum was only a civic and social activityMeetings for the town council (the curia) and the popular assembly (the comitium)
