2. DEFINITIONS
BIOINFORMATICS IS THE APPLICATIONS OF THE METHODS OF
COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES AND TECHNOLOGIES TO ANALYSE AND
MAINTAIN BIOLOGICAL DATA
OR
BIOINFORMATICS IS A SUBDISCIPLINE OF BIOLOGY AND COMPUTER
SCIENCE CONCERNED WITH THE ACQUISITION, STORAGE, ANALYSIS OF
DATA
3. BIOINFORMATICS IS AN INTEGRATION OF MATHEMATICAL,
STATISTICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL METHODS TO ANALYSE
BIOLOGICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL DATA
SUCH AS N.A AND PROTIEN SEQUENCE, STRUCTURES, FUNCTIONS,
PATHWAYS AND GENETIC INTERACTIONS
4.
5. TWO SUB FIELDS OF BIOINFORMATICS
1. The development of computational tools and data
bases
2. the applications of these tools and databases in
generating biological knowledge to better
understand living systems.
6. SCOPE OF BIOINFORMATICS
MOLECULAR MEDICINE
GENE THERAPY
DRUG DEVOLOPMENT
MICROBIAL GENOME APPLICATIONS
CROP IMPROVEMENT
FORENSIC ANALYSIS
8. APPLICTIONS OF BIOINFORMATICS
Prediction of protein structure
Genome annotations- to know the regulatory
sequences
Comparitive genomics – determines the genomic
structures and function relation between different
biological sequences
9. health and drug discovery – diagnosis and disease
management
Preventive medicine – analysis of mutations
Gene therapy
10. Tools and resources
INTERNET
INTERNET IS A NETWORKS INTERCONNECTED WITH
LOCAL AND REGIONAL ASSOCIATIONS IN ALL OVER
COUNTRIES
A COMPUTER NETWORK INVOLVES A GROUPMOF
COMPUTERS THAT CAN COMMUNICATE AND
EXCHANGE DATA BETWEEN USERS
11. INTERNET
IT IS THE INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP) THAT
DETERMINES HOW THE PACKETS OF INFORMATION
ARE ADDRESSED AND ROUTED OVER THE
NETWORK.
TO ACCESS THE INTERNET, A COMPUTER MUST HAVE
THE CORRECT HARDWARE AND APPROPRIATE
SOFTWARE AND PERMISSION FOR ACCESS TO
NETWORK.
12. FOR THIS PURPOSE, ONE HAS TO SUBSCRIBE TO AN
INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER(ISP)
13. Broad catagories in internet
.com – commercial sites
.edu – educational sites
.mil – military site
.gov – government site
.net – gateway or network host
.org – pvt organisations
14. World wide web - www
www involves the exchange of information over the
internet using a programme called BROWSER
The most widely used browsers are internet explorer
and netscape navigator
15. www works on the basis of UNIFORM RESOURCE
LOCATOR (URL) which is a document with a unique
address
URL takes the format http.// (hyper text transfer
protocol) that can identify the protocol for
communication over www.
16. Internet is the largest tool and serves as platform for
bioinformatics and its applications
It provides the chance to search information
17. Internet provides various facilities
Bioinformatics research
Courses
Resources
Biological databases
Construction tools
www search tools
19. Free online tools and downloadable free
tools
Faast pcr – for pcr primers
Auto prime – for designing reverse transcription real
time pcr
Primer3 (version0.4.0) – for designing primer and
probe from dna sequence
The pcr suit – primer designing software
Uniprime2 – universal primer designing
20. Primer blast
Gene fisher
Primer quest
Oligo6.2
Beacon designer
Net primer
Web primer
22. Restriction analysis
Restriction mapper –for mapping restriction sites
Webcutter2.0 – Restriction site detection
Mapper – java based program for RE sites on target
sequences
Neb cutter – RE site mapper hosted by new England
bio labs
Web map
23. dotplot
Dotlet – free online soft ware used as a tool for
plotting of sequences
Dotplot(+) – software is used to identify the
overlapping portions of two sequeces and to identify
the repeats and inverted repeats of a particular
sequences
Dotter – graphical dotplot programme
24. Sequence alignment tools
Clustal omega – profile – profile progressive
alignments
Clustal W – multiple sequence alignment
Clustal X
LALIGN – local alignment
FASTA – this server is hosted by the university of
Virginia, USA
25. T – coffee – tree based consistency objective function
for alignment evalution – multiple seq alignment
SIM – alignment between two protein sequences
CINEMA2.1 – colour interactive editor for multiple
alignments
PILUP – pairwise alignment
