5. Cause of Nutritional problem
POOR NUTRITION
• UNDER NUTRITION (MALNUTRITION)
• OVERNUTRITION
6.
7. In the last five decades, the mortality rate has come
down by 50 percent and the fertility rate by 40 percent
but the reduction in under nutrition is only 20 percent.
Around half of the pre-school children still suffer from
under-nutrition.
Micronutrient deficiencies are widespread;
More than half the women and children are anaemic;
Reduction in Vitamin-A deficiency and iodine
deficiency disorders (IDD) is sub-optimal.
8. The World Bank estimates that India is ranked 2nd in
the world of the number of children suffering from
malnutrition
Under nutrition is found mostly in rural areas
Under privileged section of the society like urban
slums, rural, and tribal are worst affected by
malnutrition particularly pregnant and lactating
women and children are at a higher risk
9. Nutrition is a critical part of health and development.
Better nutrition is related to
improved infant, child and maternal health,
stronger immune systems,
safer pregnancy and childbirth,
lower risk of non-communicable diseases (such as
diabetes and cardiovascular disease), and
longevity.
10. Healthy children learn better. People with
adequate nutrition are more productive and
can create opportunities to gradually break the
cycles of poverty and hunger.
Malnutrition, in every form, presents
significant threats to human health.
11. About 165 million children globally are
stunted, according to 2011 figures, resulting
from not enough food, A vitamin- and
mineral-poor diet, inadequate child care and
disease.
As growth slows down, brain development
lags and stunted children learn poorly.
12. Wasting and bilateral oedema are severe forms
of malnutrition - resulting from acute food
shortages and compounded by illness.
Rising food prices, food scarcity in areas of
conflict, and natural disasters diminish
household access to appropriate and adequate
food, all of which can lead to wasting.
13. Essential vitamins
and minerals in the
diet are vital to boost
immunity and healthy
development.
Maternal
undernutrition.
14. Nutritional problems in adolescents start
during childhood and continue into adult life.
Anaemia is a key nutritional problem in
adolescent girls.
Preventing early pregnancies and assuring
adequate intakes of essential nutrients for
developing girls can reduce maternal and child
deaths later, and stop cycles of malnutrition
from one generation to the next.
15. They are the large scale supplementary
programmes
Main aim is to improve nutritional status in
targeted groups
To overcome specific diseases through
various ministries to combat malnutrition
16.
17. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
Ministry of Social Welfare
Ministry of Education and Culture
Department of Food in the Ministry of Food
and Agriculture
Ministry of Rural Reconstruction
18. Special nutrition programme for pre-school
children and expectant and nursing
mothers.1970-71
Balwadi nutrition program(1970)
Applied nutrition programme(1963)
19. National goiter control programme
(ngcp)1986
National water supply and sanitation
programme (1954)
Minimum needs programme(1974)
20. 20 point programme 1975
National diarrhoeal diseases control
programme(1981)
21. Tamil nadu integrated nutrition programme
(1980)
Wheat based supplementary nutrition
programme (1986)
22.
23. Mid Day Meal Scheme Human Resource
Development
Vitamin A Prophylaxis Programme
Prophylaxis Against Nutritional anaemia.
IDDs Control Programme.
Health and family
welfare
Special Nutritional Programme
Balwadi Nutritional Programme
ICDS Programme
Social welfare
Mid Day Meal Programme Education
24. Adequate availability of foodstuffs by:
1. Ensuring production of cereals, pulses and
seasonal vegetables.
2. Making them available throughout the year.
3. More cost-effective and efficient targeting of
the PDS.
4. Improving people's purchasing power through
appropriate programmes including food for
work schemes.
25. Prevention of under-nutrition through
nutrition education aimed at:
1. Ensuring appropriate infant feeding practices
2. Promoting appropriate intra-family
distribution of food based on requirements;
3. Dietary diversification to meet the nutritional
needs of the family.
26. Operationalising universal screening of all
pregnant women, infants, preschool and school
children for under-nutrition and nutritional
intervention
27. Research efforts will be directed towards:
Review of the recommended dietary intake of
Indians;
Building up of epidemiological data on:
▪ Relationship between birth weight, survival, growth
and development in childhood and adolescence;
Body mass index norms of Indians and health
consequences of deviation from these norms.
28.
29.
30. Initiated in 1970
Age group 6 months-6 year
Priority to Vitamin A deficient geographical
area
OBJECTIVE
Prevent blindness due to Vitamin A
Deficiency
ORGANIGATION
PHC and subcenter
31. Beneficiary group
preschool children(6 months to 6 years)
A single massive dose of oily preparation of
Vitamin A 200,000 IU (retinol palmitate
110mg) orally every 6 months for every
preschool child above 1 year
half the amount in < than 1 year children
33. Pregnant woman <11 gm/dl
non pregnant woman <12gm/dl
Initiated in 1970
Centrally sponsored
Over 85%pregnant woman suffer from
anemia (health and family welfare
official site)
Causes LBW and perinatal mortality
35. BENEFICIARIES
Children age group 1 to 10,
Pregnant and nursing mother,
Acceptors of family planning,
Adolescent girls.
ORGANIGATION
PHC and sub centers
36. Pregnant women : 100 mg Fe & 0.5mg folic acid
Children 6 to 60 months : 20mg Fe & 0.1 mg folic acid
Should be given 100 days
6 to 10 years of age : 30 mg iron and 0.25 mg folic acid
Adolescent girls : 100 mg Fe & 0.5mg folic acid
Iron fortification in salt
Screening test for aneamia done at 6 months,1 and 2
years of age.
37. Developed by National Institute of Nutrition,
Hyderabad
Addition of ferric ortho phoshapte or ferrous sulphate
with sodium bisulphate was enough to fortify salt
with iron.
When consumed for 12-18 months –
reduce prevalence of anaemia.
Commercial production since 1985.
38.
39. Effect on people : HUMANS Health &
Socioeconomic impact
Effect on animals : LIVESTOCK Clinical & Reproductive
disorders,
decreased productivity
Low Availability
of iodine : PLANTS Iodine poor feeds &
fodders
Soil Erosion : WATER, SOILEnvironmental iodine
deficiency
Iodine Deficiency – A Disease of The Soil
40. Brain Cell Growth
Iodine Deficiency Iodine Sufficiency
Iodine Deficiency is the single most
common cause of preventable mental retardation
41. JLNH&RC
Iodine Deficiency = Goitre =
Visible Swelling
No Pain = Not a cause of
Mortality = Cosmetic problem
Cretinism rare
IDD – The Hourglass
Historic
View
Current
View
Mental & Physical growth
Loss of Energy-hypothyroidism
Learning Disability, Poor Motivation
Child Development and Child Survival
Human Resource Development
42. National goiter control
programme was started in 1962
Renamed it on 1992 as
National iodine deficiency
disorder control programme
Replace the entire edible salt
by iodide salt
Double fortification of salt
iodine and iron (35ppm
and 1000ppm)
43. 1. Surveys to assess the magnitude of the Iodine
Deficiency Disorders
2. Supply of Iodated salt in place of common
salt.
3. Re-survey after every 5 years to assess the
extent of Iodine Deficiency Disorders and the
impact of iodated salt.
4. Laboratory Monitoring of Iodated Salt and
Urinary Iodine Excretion
5. Health Education & Publicity
44. This project was started in Orissa on 1963
Later extended to TN and UP.
Objectives:
Promoting production of Vegetables and fruits
Ensure their consumption by pregnant & lactating
women and children.
In1973 it was extended to all states of INDIA
The idea is to provide better seeds and encourage
kitchen gardens, poultry farming, beehive
keeping, etc.,
45. Nutritional Services
Health services
Communication
Monitoring and evaluation
It is being merged into ICDS
46. This was started in 1970 is in operation in urban
slums, tribal areas and backward rural areas.
It was launched under minimum need programme
Main aim is to improve nutritional status in
targeted group.
Beneficiary group
children below 6 years
pregnant and lactating women
47. Child : 300kcal and 10-12gm protein
pregnant :500kcal and 25 gm protein
Total of 300 days in a year
This programme is gradually being merged into
ICDS
48. The Department of Social Welfare has a scheme to
provide the nutritional services for children in the
age-group 3-5 years provided through Balwadies.
49. A place where, the children in the age group of
2 ½ to 5 years receive pre- primary education.
The balwadi teachers are usually local women.
Besides the education and recreational
activities there are other regular programmes
such as monthly meetings of the parents in
which the parents are educated about
childcare, health and nutrition etc.
50. There are regular medical health checks up.
Other cultural programmes which the balwadi
children celebrate are Independence
Day, Children’s Day, Teachers’ Day,etc.
Also, every year a Sports Day is held and in some
areas children are taken out on annual picnics.
Once the children reach the age of 5, they can be
admitted to schools.
51. This programme was started in December
1970.
It gives the provision of supplementary
nutrition of 300 calories and 10 grams of
protein during 270 days in the age group of 3-
5 years in a year for children attending
Balwadis.
This program is being phased out due to
universalisation of ICDS.
52.
53. Launched on 2nd October 1975.
ICDS Scheme represents one of the world’s
largest and most unique programmes for early
childhood development.
India’s response to the challenge of
Providing pre-school education on one hand and
Breaking the vicious cycle of malnutrition, morbidity,
reduced learning capacity and mortality, on the other.
ICDS is the foremost symbol of India’s
commitment to her children.
54. 1. Routine MCH services not reaching target Population
2. Nutritional component not covered by Health services
3. Need for community participation
55. 1. To improve the nutritional and health status of children in the age-
group 0-6 years;
2. To lay the foundation for proper psychological, physical and
social development of the child;
3. to reduce the incidence of mortality, morbidity, malnutrition and
school dropout;
4. To achieve effective co-ordination of policy and implementation
amongst the various departments to promote child development;
and
5. To enhance the capability of the mother to look after the normal
health and nutritional needs of the child through proper nutrition
and health education.
56. Children < 6 years
31 August 2013
Pregnant Woman Lactating women
Adolescent Girls
Women in Reproductive
age group (15-44)
Children below 6 years
57. The above objectives are sought to be
achieved through a package of services
comprising:
1. Supplementary nutrition,
2. Immunization
3. Health check-up
4. Referral services
5. Pre-school non-formal education and
6. Nutrition & health education.
58. Services Target Group Service Provided by
Supplementary
Nutrition
Children below 6 years:
Pregnant & Lactating Mother (P&LM)
Anganwadi Worker and
Anganwadi Helper
Immunization* Children below 6 years:
Pregnant Women
ANM/MO
Health Check-up* Children below 6 years:
Pregnant & Lactating Mother (P&LM)
ANM/MO/AWW
Referral Services Children below 6 years:
Pregnant & Lactating Mother (P&LM)
AWW/ANM/MO
Pre-School Education Children 3-6 years AWW
Nutrition & Health
Education
Women (15-45 years), Children 3-6
years
Pregnant & Lactating Mother (P&LM)
AWW/ANM/MO
59. This includes supplementary feeding and growth
monitoring;
Growth Monitoring and nutrition surveillance are
two important activities that are undertaken.
Children <3 years of age are weighed once a month
children 3-6 years of age are weighed quarterly
They avail of supplementary feeding support for
300 days in a year.
60. Immunization of pregnant women
and infants protects children from
six vaccine preventable diseases-
poliomyelitis, diphtheria, pertusis,
tetanus, tuberculosis and measles.
Immunization of pregnant women
against tetanus also reduces
maternal and neonatal mortality
61. This includes health care of children less than six
years of age, antenatal care of expectant mothers
and postnatal care of nursing mothers.
Recording of weight, immunization, management of
malnutrition, treatment of diarrhoea, de-worming
and distribution of simple medicines etc.
62. During health check-ups and growth
monitoring, sick or malnourished children, in
need of prompt medical attention, are referred
to the Primary Health Centre or its sub-centre
63. Anganwadi – a village
courtyard. Its for the three-to
six years old children and is
directed towards providing and
ensuring a natural, joyful and
stimulating environment
PSE is considered the
backbone of the ICDS
programme.
64. It is a key element of
the work of the
Anganwadi worker.
This forms part of
BCC (Behaviour
Change
Communication)
strategy
65. There was a gap in between women and child age
group which was not covered by any health and
social welfare programme whereas girls in this
crucial groups need special attention.
Their needs:
appropriate nutrition,
education,
health education,
training for adulthood,
training for motherhood, etc.
66. This scheme for adolescent girls in ICDS was
launched by the Department of Women and
Child Development, Ministry of Human
Resource Development in 1991.
67. Beneficiary : All adolescent girls in the age group of
11-18 years (70%) received the following
Common services:
1. Watch over menarche,
2. Immunisation,
3. General health check-ups once in every six-months,
4. Training for minor ailments,
5. Deworming,
6. Prophylactic measures against anemia, goiter,
vitamin deficiency, etc. and
7. Referral to PHC. District hospital in case of acute
need.
68. Child Development Project Officers (CDPOs)
District Program Officers (DPOs)
Anganwadi Workers
Anganwadi Helpers
Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM)
Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA)
69. 1. Monitor growth of children,
2. Provide non formal pre-school education,
3. Provide supplementary nutrition
4. Give health and nutrition education
5. Referral for sick children
6. Elicit community participation
7. Provide health service in collaboration with
ANM/ASHA
8. Implement adolescent girls’ scheme
70. 1. To cook and serve the food to children
2. To clean the Anganwadi premises daily and
fetching water.
3. Cleanliness of small children.
4. To bring small children from the village to
the Anganwadi.
71. 1. Awareness generation
2. Counsel women
3. Community mobilization
4. Escort/accompany pregnant women & children
requiring treatment
5. Provide primary medical care
72. 1. Hold weekly / fortnightly meeting with ASHA
2. Participate & guide in organizing the Health Days
at AWC
3. Utilize ASHA in motivating the pregnant women
and married couples
4. Guide ASHA in motivating pregnant women for
full ANC
5. Educate ASHA on danger signs of pregnancy and
labor
73. Health Check-ups
Handling Referral
Immunization
Nutrition & Health Education
Monitoring of Health components
74. Population Norms:
For Rural/Urban Projects
400-800 - 1 AWC
800-1600 - 2 AWCs
1600-2400 - 3 AWCs
Thereafter in multiples of 800 1 AWC
For Mini-AWC
150-400 -1 Mini AWC
75. For Tribal /Riverine/Desert, Hilly and other difficult
areas/ Projects
300-800 - 1 AWC
For Mini- AWC
150-300 1 Mini AWC
At present there are 5659 ICDS projects.
76. Beneficiary Pre-revised Revised
w.e.f. Feb.
2009
Calories
(KCal)
Protein
(G)
Calorie
s (KCal)
Protein
(Gm)
Children (6-72
months)
300 8-10 500 12-15
Severely
malnourished
children (6-72
months)
600 20 800 20-25
Pregnant & Lactating 500 15-20 600 18-20
77. Category Pre-
revised
Revised w.e.f
June 2010
Children (6-72
months)
Rs. 2.00 Rs.4.84
Severely
malnourished children
(6-72 months)
Rs. 2.70 Rs.5.82
Pregnant & Lactating Rs. 2.30 Rs.6.00
78. United Nations International Children’ Emergency Fund
(UNICEF)
Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere (CARE)
World Food Programme (WFP)
79.
80. Major Objective:
1. Improve the School attendance
2. Reduce school drop outs
3. Beneficial impact on Childs nutrition
Principles
1. Supplement, not substitute to home diet
2. 1/3 total energy requirement/day and
½ total protein requirement /day
3. Reasonably low cost
4. Easily prepared at schools
5. As for as possible locally available food
6. Change menu frequently
81.
82. Also called as National programme of nutritional
support to primary education
Hot and hygienic cooked meal is provided to all the
children studying in classes 1 to 10 in the
Government and aided Primary and high Schools all
over the State.
83. JLNH&RC
Cont..
• Objectives:
1. To ensure enrollment of all children of school going age.
2. To enhance retention rate.
3. To facilitate academic excellence.
4. To improve child health and increase nutrition level (350
to 500 kcal and 8-12gm protein)
5. To bring social equity
85. Programme is good as for as improving nutrition
of the underprivileged children
But it requires sustainability for this requires
political will, community participation,
monitoring and evaluation
Repeated incidence of food poisoning in the mid
day meal causing serious threat to existence of
this programme.
Notes de l'éditeur
Kesari Dhal caused by BOAAA unique symptom of lathyrism is the atrophy of gluteal muscles
. Today the world faces a double burden of malnutrition that includes both undernutrition and overweight, especially in developing countries.
- when children are too short for their age group compared to the WHO child growth standards.
Wasting demands emergency nutritional interventions to save lives.
Iron iodinevit a r public health important
to meet the nutritional needs;year at affordable cost through reduction in post harvest losses and appropriate processing;
Prevention, early detection and appropriate management of micronutrient deficiencies and associated health hazards through:Promotion of appropriate dietary intake and lifestyles for the prevention and management of obesity and diet-related chronic diseasesThe existing opportunities for improving nutritional status are fully utilized; and
6m to 5 yrs-11 5 to 11 – 11.5 12 to 14 - 12
main focus and efforts were directed to teach rural communities through demonstration how to produce food for their consumption through their own efforts.
and prophylaxis against vitamin A deficiency and control of nutritional anaemia.
Its for the three-to six years old children and is directed towards providing and ensuring a natural, joyful and stimulating environme
Successfully involved private sector participation in the programmeThe programme is managed with an ultra modern centralized kitchen that is run through a public/private partnership. Food is delivered to schools in sealed and heat retaining containers just before the lunch break every day
Food for eligible bachelor
To provide employment for rural people with below poverty line