1. SEMINAR
ON
STRUCTURE OF ANTIBODY
PRESENTED BY
PREETI MADHARIA
M.Sc. PREVIOUS (BIOTECHNOLOGY)

2. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
PROPERTIES OF ANTIBODY
ENZYMATIC EXPERIMENTS WITH ANTIBODY
STRUCTURE OF ANTIBODY
TYPES OF ANTIBODY
FUNCTIONS OF ANTIBODY
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION
 Antibodies are the antigens binding proteins present
on B cell membrane and secreted by plasma cells.
 Antibodies are active serum proteins formed in
response to an antigen and react specifically with
that antigen.
HISTORY
 Antibodies were contained in particular serum protein fractions
came from a classic experiment by A.Tiselius and E.A. Kabat in
1939.
 Rodney Porter in 1962 proposed the basic structure of antibody.

4. PROPERTIES OF ANTIBODY
 Antibody is a glycoprotein.
 Antibody is a “Y” shaped molecules.
 Antibody is made up of four polypeptide chain.
 Antibody is heterodimeric structure.
 All antibodies are immunoglobulin's ,but all
immunoglobulin's may not be antibodies.
 Antibodies contain disulphide bonds.

5. ENZYMATIC EXPERIMENT WITH ANTIBODY
B- marcaptoethanol

6. STRUCTURE OF ANTIBODY
Hinge
region
Antibody Domains
VH
VC
Fab
Fc
Disulphide
Bond
VC

7. TYPES OF ANTIBODY
(PENTAMER)
(DIMER)
(MONOMER)(MONOMER)
(MONOMER)
Light chain
Heavy chain

8. IgG
IgG1
IgG2 IgG3
IgG4
TYPES OF I Gg

9. FUNCTIONS OF ANTIBODIES
 The main function of antibody is protect the body against antigen.
 The protective role is carried out into different ways-
1. By Direct :-
a) Precipitation : - Antibody combines with soluble antigens
and form a lattice is known as
precipitation reaction.
b) Agglutination :- The interaction between antibody and a
particulate antigens result in visible
clumping is known as agglutination.
c) Opsonisation :- A process by which Phagocytotic cell is
facilated by deposition of opsonin is
known as opsonisation.

10. 2. By Indirect :-
a) Activation of complement system :- Complement is a
set of plasma protein that is activated by binding
antigens.
b) Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity(ADCC):-
It is a form of lymphocytes mediated cytotoxicity in
which an effector kills an antibody coated target cell.

11. CONCLUSION
Antibody is a glycoproteins which helps to
immune system. It has an antigen binding site
through which it is attached to the foreign particles
or antigens like bacteria, viruses etc and degrade
them.

12. REFERENCES
 Kuby J. Antibodies: Structure and functions
(pg. 76-101) Immunology 5th ed.
 Fatima D. Immunoglobulins (pg.81-99), Saras
publication
 Websites:
www.qwickstep.com
www.biochemistry4all.com
www.dels-old.nas.edu
www.medicine.virginia.edu
www.goodpsych.com

13. THANK YOU