It is the process of transferring the research knowledge into practice, thus facilitating an innovative change in practice of protocols. Research utilization is the use of the findings from a disciplined study or a set of studies in a practical application that is unrelated to the original research.

1. RESEARCH
UTILIZATION
Mrs.Preeti Thakur
SMVDCoN

2. INTRODUCTION
From the beginning , nursing has been
recognized as both an art & science . Florence
Nightingale’s book , NOTES ON NURSING ,
at the time of its 1st publication , nursing
schools did not exist, there was no distinct
body of nursing – science, nor there were
recognizable nursing practices

3. She combined basic concepts of care using
principles of :-
Ventilation and warming
Environment
Noise , nutrition, bedding, light &
cleanliness with scientific strategies like;
observation , data collection & statistical
analysis.

4. SO,
Nightingale was not only
the first nurse to conduct
research , but also the first
to disseminate research
findings and implement
research based to practice.

5. CONTD….
Current nursing interventions are based on
tradition rather than science.
Some traditional procedures seem very
logical and helpful when considered at face
value, but a review of the scientific literature
reveals that intervention is not ineffective,
but also potential harmful.

6. Common practice of instilling saline to the
trachea, prior to deep suctioning to loosen
secretions and facilitate removal of
secretions, most researches have not
supported this fact.
EXAMPLE

7. DEFINITION

8. RESEARCH UTILIZATION
It is the process of transferring the research
knowledge into practice, thus facilitating an
innovative change in practice of protocols.
Research utilization is the use of the findings
from a disciplined study or a set of studies in
a practical application that is unrelated to the
original research.

9. Nursing
practice
area
Identify
problem
Conduct the
research
Generate
new
knowledge
Disseminate
knowledge
Utilize
findings in
nursing
practice
Relationship
between
conducting,
disseminating
& utilization
of research

10. EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE
EBP involves making clinical
decisions on the basis of the
best possible evidence, usually
best evidence comes from
rigorous research.

11. RESEARCH UTILIZATION PATH
Emergence of
research
findings on a
topic.
Efforts to
use findings
in practice
(RU)
Evaluation/
integration of
findings:
Best research
Evidence.

12. EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE PATH
Search for
best
evidence to
address
clinical
problems
Evaluation of
other types of
evidence. Eg;
(clinical
experience,
patient
preference,etc)
Efforts to
base
practice on
best
evidence
(EBP)

13. RU PATH & EBP PATH
Emergence of research
findings on a topic
Evaluation of other types
of evidence. Eg; (clinical
experience, patient
preference,etc
Search for best evidence to
address clinical problems
Evaluation/integration
of findings: best
research evidence
RU
Path
EBP
Path

14.  Theorists who have studied the phenomenon
of knowledge development and diffusion of
ideas typically recognize a continuum in
terms of a specificity of the use to which
research findings were put.
 At one end of the continuum are discrete,
clearly identifiable attempts to base specific
actions on the research findings.
CONTD….

15. EXAMPLE
 .A series of studies in 1960s and 1970
demonstrated that the optimal placement
time of a glass thermometer for accurate oral
temperature determination is 9 min.

16.  When nurses specifically altered their
behaviour from shorter placement times to the
empirically based recommendations of 9 min.
This constituted an instance of research
utilization at this end of continuum. This type
of utilization has been referred to as
instrumental utilization.

17.  Research findings can, however, be used in
a more diffuse manner in a way that
promotes cumulative awareness,
understanding, this is referred to as
CONCEPTUAL UTILISATION.

18. TYPES OF RESEARCH UTILIZATION
 Estabrooks (1999) recently studied RU by
collecting survey data from 600 nurses in
Canada.
 She found evidence to support three distinct
types –
Indirect
RU
Persuasive
utilization
Direct
RU

19. Involving changes in nurses thinking and
therefore analogous to conceptual utilization.

20. Direct use of findings in giving patient care &
therefore analogous to instrumental
utilization.

21. Involving the use of findings to persuade others
to make changes in policies or practices relevant
to patient care.

22. RU PROCESS
 ROGER’S DIFFUSION OF
INNOVATIONS THEORY
Rogers postulates that knowledge
diffusion is an evolutionary process
by which an innovation is
communicated over time to the
members of social system. The key
elements in this process, all of
which influence the rate & extent of
innovation adoption , includes:-

23. • New idea , practice or
procedure that, if adopted
will result in changes.
The innovation
• Media through information
is transmitted. Eg: journals
articles, the internet
Communication
channels
• Knowledge diffusion occurs
through timeTime
Set of interrelated units that
solve problems & seek to
accomplish a common goal.
Social system

24. Models of research
utilization

25.  To assist the practicing nurse in the
utilization of research in nursing:
1) Conduct and utilization of research in
nursing model (CURN) given by Hoisly et al,
1983.
2) Western Interstate Commission for Higher
Education (WICHE) model, given by Phillips,
1986.
CONTD….

26. 3) The Stetler Model, given by Stetler and
Marram, 1976.
4) The systems model for change related to
clinical research, by (Comway, 1978).
5) Horn Video Productions Model for RU, 1991.

27. CURN PROJECT
/MODEL
(Conduct and utilization
of research in nursing)

28. OBJECTIVES
 To increase the use of research findings in
the daily practice of registered nurses by:
a) Disseminating current research
findings.
b) Facilitating organizational changes
needed to implement innovations.
c) Encouraging collaborative clinical
research.

29.  To stimulate the
conduct of research
in clinical settings.
 Focused on helping
nurses to use
research findings in
their practice.

30.  At the end CURN
PROJECT team
concluded that RU
by practicing nurses
is feasible , but only if
research is relevant to
practice, if the results
are broadly
disseminated

31. STETLER
MODEL

32.  RU (1994) designed with assumption that RU
could be undertaken not only by organizations
; but by individual clinicians and managers.
This model was updated in 2001.
 PHASES:
 Preparation
 Validation
 Comparative evaluation/ Decision
 Translation/ Application
 Evaluation

34. BARRIERS IN UTILIZATION OF
NSG RESEARCH

35. CONTD…..
 A major barrier to RU is the absence of published
research on specific clinical issues.
 Published research may have limitations (eg. Sample
size or design) that restrict the ability to generalize
results to clinical practice settings.
 Nurses may lack experience reading and critiquing
research reports.
 Nurses may have difficulty in interpreting study designs
and statistical findings.
 Some of the main constraints to the use of nursing
research findings are as follows:

36.  Nurses lack time to actively participate in
conducting and implementing nursing
research.

37.  Nurses lack to the resources to read current
research findings.

38.  Nurses do not understand the importance of
research.

39.  Research is a minute
and difficult component
of undergraduate
nursing programs.

40.  Health care system in our own scenario pays
little attention to research on nursing issues.

41. Lack of access to
research
literature for the
bedside clinical
nurses.

42.  Investigators lack of preservation of
research from a clinical perspective, and
their use of research jargon can make it
difficult for staff nurses to understand or
interpret study results.

43.  Published research may have few clinical
applications, and staff nurses may not read
nursing research journals.

44.  Research reports most often are presented
to audiences of researchers ; therefore,
pertinent clinical findings may not reach
nurses who can practically use these new
ideas in patient care.

45.  Voda et al. found that lack of research
utilization is basically due to :
 failure to directly involve the clinical nurses
in research projects.
 Researchers not directly being involved with
patient care.
 Nurses failing to read research articles.

46.  Funk, Champagne , Wiese and Tornquist ,
( 1991) identified the barriers to research
utilization under four categories:
1 . Factors
related to
nurses
3. Organizational
factors
2. Nursing
research factors
4.Communication
factors

47. FACTORS RELATED TO NURSES
 Nurses have a lack of time, motivation ,
confidence , research knowledge, money &
resources.
 Nurses do not see the value of research for
practice.
 They are inflexible and unwilling to change
try new ideas.

48. CONTD…
 They see little benefit for
self from research.
 They are inflexible and
unwilling to change.
 There is not a
documented need to
change practice.
 Nurses lack confidence in
new research findings.

49. CONTD….
 They do not feel capable of evaluating the
quality of research.
 They lack time & resources to stay in touch
with knowledgeable colleagues with whom to
discuss the research.
 They are unaware about the importance of
research.

50. NURSING RESEARCH FACTORS
 The research has methodological
inadequacies .
 The conclusions drawn from the research
are not justified.
 The research has not been replicated.
 The literature reports conflicting results.

51.  The nurses are uncertain whether to
believe the results of the research
 Research reports / articles are not
published fast enough.
 Nursing research generally lack the
appropriate clinical applicable
recommendations.

52. ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS
 Organizations fail to provide access to
journals and research resources.
 Organizations lack the funding to support
new research findings.
 Administration does not allow
implementation of the research findings.
 There is insufficient time on the job to
implement new ideas.

53. CONTD..
 Physicians will not co operate with
implementation of research findings.
 Insufficient time on the job.
 Lack of authority to change patient care
procedures.
 Lack of time to read research literature and
participate in it.
 Results are not generalized to their setting.

54. COMMUNICATION FACTORS
 Lack of collaboration between researchers
and clinicians.
 Lack of presentation of research findings in
clinical setting.
 Lack of publication in clinical nursing
journals.
 Lack of understandable research
publications.

55.  Larger proportion of contradicting
information in medical and nursing journals
as well as in text books.
 Implications for practice are not clear.
 Unavailability , lack of clarity and
illegibility of research report articles .
 Statistical analyses are not understandable.
 Relevant literature is not compiled in one
place.
 Research is not relevant to nurses’ practice.

56. STRATEGIES TO FACILITATE
UTILIZATION OF NURSING
RESEARCH

57. INTRODUCTION
 The most crucial factor in facilitating RU is
the identification of clinically relevant
problems and issues.
 Nursing administrators who provide
adequate resources (example: personnel ,
money , time) help promote RU.
 There are multi dimensional barriers to
research based practice. To overcome these
barriers there are certain strategies.

58. NURSE EDUCATORS
 when nurse educators refer to research
findings regularly in their lectures, include
research based publications in their
reference lists , the student will soon get the
message that research is important
foundation for practice. so, the educators
must :

59. CONTD….
1. Use research findings to support lectures.
2. Incorporate research findings in clinical
assignments.
3. Strive to make research exciting.

60. NURSE
RESEARCHERS
 For beneficiaries to be benefited from
research based practice , researchers must
make an elaborate effort to include
information that specially addresses practical
clinical applications of their findings. So , the
researchers must practice the certain
strategies.

61. STRATEGIES FOR NURSE
RESEARCHER
 Focus their research activity on current clinical
problems.
 Disseminate research results as early as
possible.

62. CONTD…
 Present research findings
locally , regionally and
nationally.
 Publish the research findings
in clinical & scientific
journals.
 Clearly delineate practice
implications of results.

63. NURSE ADMINISTRATORS
 The structure of health
care organization should
support research based
practice .
 Having an expert
researcher will provide the
necessary support for
inexperienced researcher
to engage in research.

64. STRATEGIES FOR NURSE
ADMINISTRATORS
 Establish a research friendly culture
 Encourage clinicians to question traditions.
 Reward innovations.
 Require research basis for practice changes.
 Incorporate research role in job description.

65. NURSE CLINICIANS
 To update nurses knowledge , they should
be sent to conferences to get practice
updates .

66. CONTD…
 The nurse clinicians must take initiatives for
the following measures:
1. Question practice traditions.
2. Commit to continuous learning.
3. Collaborate with researcher to relay clinical
issues .
4. Make changes & improve practice.