1. Web standards
Why?
Who sets them?
How is it set?
What to care for?
MMM – 21.09.2009
2. A text document
World's 3 tallest buildings
The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, is the organization that determines
the title of the "World’s Tallest Building”
According to this council, the current 3 tallest building are :
1. Burj Dubai, a skyscraper under construction in Dubai that reached 818 m (2,684
ft) in height on 17 January 2009.
2. Willis Tower, formerly named Sears Tower, is a 108-story skyscraper in Chicago.
3. Taipei 101 is a landmark skyscraper located in Xinyi District, Taipei, Taiwan. The
building contains 101 floors above ground and 5 floors underground.
Summary:
Category Structure Country city height
Skyscraper Burj Dubai UAE Dubai 818m
Skyscraper Willis Tower USA Chicago 527m
Skyscraper Taipei 101 Taiwan Taipei 509m
WHY?
3. An annotated text document
Title of the document
World's 3 tallest buildings
The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, is the
organization that determines the title of the "World’s Tallest
Building” Paragraph
According to this council, the current 3 tallest building are :
Subheading
1. Burj Dubai, a skyscraper under construction in Dubai that
reached 818 m (2,684 ft) in height on 17 January 2009.
Insert 2. Willis Tower, formerly named Sears Tower, is a 108-story List items
picture skyscraper in Chicago.
3. Taipei 101 is a landmark skyscraper located in Xinyi District,
Taipei, Taiwan. The building contains 101 floors above ground and
5 floors underground.
Subheading
Summary:
Category Structure Country city height
Skyscraper Burj Dubai UAE Dubai 818m Table
Skyscraper Willis Tower USA Chicago 527m
Skyscraper Taipei 101 Taiwan Taipei 509m
Hyperlink to their website
WHY?
4. A Hypertext document ( tagged document )
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-
transitional.dtd">
<html>
<body>
<h1>World's top 3 tallest buildings</h1>
<p>The <a href=“http://www.ctbuh.org/”>Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat</a>, is the
organization that determines the title of the "World’s Tallest Building” </p>
<h2>According to this council, the current 3 tallest building are : </h2>
<ul>
<li><img src=“burj.jpg” alt=“Burj Dubai” /></li>
<li><img src=“willis.jpg” alt=“Willis Tower” /> </li>
<li> <img src=“taipei.jpg” alt=“Taipei 101”/></li>
</ul>
<h3>Summary:</h3>
<table>
<tr><th>Category</th><th>Structure</th><th>Country</th> <th>city</th><th>height</th></tr>
<tr><td>Skyscraper</td><td>Burj Dubai</td><td>UAE</td><td>Dubai</td><td>818m</td></tr>
<tr><td>Skyscraper</td><td>Willis Tower</td><td>USA</td><td>Chicago</td><td>527m<td></tr>
<tr><td>Skyscraper</td><td>Taipei 101</td><td>Taiwan</td><td>Taipei</td><td>509m</td></tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
WHY?
9. World Wide Web (WWW)
WWW (web) is an application built on top of internet
WHY? Image src: http://www.bytelevel.com/map/images/map_www_large.jpg
10. World Wide Web (WWW)
WWW (web) is an application built on top of internet. This application creates a system of interlinked hypertext documents.
WHY?
13. Web standards: A general term for the formal standards and other technical specifications
that define and describe aspects of the World Wide Web.
Web standards, in the broader sense, consist of the following:
* Recommendations published by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
* Internet standard (STD) documents published by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
* Request for Comments (RFC) documents published by the Internet Engineering Task Force
* Standards published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
* Standards published by Ecma International (formerly ECMA)
* The Unicode Standard and various Unicode Technical Reports (UTRs) published by the Unicode Consortium
* Name and number registries maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
Who sets them?
14. Who sets them?
Who What it does Standards
World Wide Web Consortium Publishes Recommendations HTML, CSS, DOM, XHTML, XML
(W3C) (eq. to published standards )
W3C- Web Accessibility Publishes Web Accessibility WCAG 1,2 (A, AA, AAA)
Initiative (W3C-WAI) Recommendations
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Publishes Internet Standards Documents & HTTP, MIME, URI, FTP, POP3, SMTP, TCP/IP
RFC
International Organisation for Standardisation ISO standards ISO-8859-1 ( Latin 1), 2 Letter Country Code,
(ISO) CD-ROM file system, C, SQL, MPEG, JPEG, PDF,
PNG
ECMA International Javascript standards ECMAScript, C#
Unicode consortium Unicode standard UTF ( Multilingual character set)
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) Maintains Names and Numbers registries Domain Names and IP addresses
Who sets them?
16. Web standards considerations
Web standards are created, maintained and revised with 3 main
considerations:
Interoperability
What I am transmitting, the other should be able to receive it and what I mean, the other should be
able to understand it. Eg. .html file, html tags
Accessibility
Accessibility in general means something should be accessible, to as many people as possible.
In Web terms it has come to be understood as, to be accessible by people with limited abilities.
Usability
Usability usually refers to the elegance and clarity with which the interaction with a
computer program or a web site is designed. Simply said how easily can the visitor find the
information.
How is it set?
17. Standard Maturation
Each recommendation passes through these maturity levels
Standard
WD CR PR REC
Working Candidate Proposed W3C
Draft Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation
- Feedback from - submitted to the W3C - Endorsed by W3C as a
- First form
implementers Advisory Council standard for wide deployment
- Publically available
- Anybody can comment
A W3C recommensation is the equivalent of a published standard in many other industries. It signifies that the document has been
subjected to a public and W3C-member organisation's review. Each recommendatoin's aim is to standardise the Web technology.
How is it set?
18. Current Web Standards
Interoperability Accessibility
HTML 4.1 CSS 2.1 WCAG 2.0
W3C REC 24 December 1999 W3C Candidate W3C Recommendation 11 December 2008
Recommendation 23 April 2009
WCAG 1.0
XHTML 1.0 DOM 2 W3C Recommendation 5 May 1999
W3C REC 26 January 2000, W3C REC 13 November 2000
revised 1 August 2002
XHTML 1.1 DOM 3 Usability
W3C REC 31 May 2001 W3C REC 07 April 2004
ISO 9241
XML 1.0 (5th ed) ECMAScript 3
W3C REC 26 November 2008 Dec 1999
CSS 2 ECMAScript (262) 5
W3C REC 12-May-1998 Candidate Recommendation, End 2009
revised 11 April 2008
Working drafts
HTML 5 CSS 3
Working Draft 25 August 2009 Working Draft
What to care for?
19. WCAG 2.0
W3C Recommendation 11 December 2008
3 Levels of compliance
Level - A
Level - AA
Level - AAA
http://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG20/quickref/Overview.php
Note 2: It is not recommended that Level AAA conformance be required as a general
policy for entire sites because it is not possible to satisfy all Level AAA Success
Criteria for some content.
4 Principles of Accessibility
Perceivable : it can't be invisible to all of their senses
Operable : the interface cannot require interaction that a user cannot perform
Understandable: the content or operation cannot be beyond their understanding
Robust: as technologies and user agents evolve, the content should remain accessible
What to care for?
21. Graded Browser Support
A,C, X grades - Different users will get a different view
Based on Progressive Enhancement
:Begin with the basic version, then add enhancements for those who can handle them. CSS, sIFR, Ajax, UO js
Graceful degradation?
:First build for the latest and greatest or the popular and then add handlers for less capable devices , ( visual approach )
What to care for?
