Network device management

www.professordkinney.com
09/06/13
Instructional Design-Computer Networking -
Bridges Educational Group

09/06/13
Network Device Management

Lessons Summary:
Configuring Network Devices
Enterprise Network Security
Managing Cisco Devices
 Some Bonus Cheat Sheets
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Configuring Network Devices
ISR (Integrated Services Router combines routing, LAN
switching, security, voice, & WAN connectivity features.
Ideal for small to medium-sized businesses & ISP managed
customers.
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Cisco IOS – offered in modules called images
IP Base image: entry-level Cisco IOS
Images are specific to models of devices
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CISCO IOS Image: Types of Images
Two main types of image your router may use:
System image - complete Cisco IOS software. This image is loaded when your
router boots and is used most of the time.
On most platforms, the image is located in Flash memory.
Boot image - A subset of the Cisco IOS software. This image is used to
perform network booting or to load Cisco IOS images onto the router.
This image is also used if the router cannot find a valid system image.
Depending on your platform, this image may be called xboot image, rxboot
image, bootstrap image, or boot loader/helper image.
On some platforms, the boot image is contained in ROM. In others, the boot
image can be stored in Flash memory. On these platforms, you can specify
which image should be used as the boot image using the boot bootldr global
configuration command. Refer to your hardware documentation for
information about the boot image used on your router.
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Image Naming Convention
You can identify the platform, features and image
location by the image name.
Naming convention is: platform – features – type
Example: c2600-js-l_121-3.bin
• c2600 - hardware platform
• js - features set (enterprise)
• l - file format (relocatable, not compressed)
• 121-3 - version & release # (version 12.1 release 3)
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Platform – variable platform that can use image
For example c1700, c2600, c7000
Features –feature sets supported by image.
Type – can contain following characters
• f—The image runs from Flash memory.
• m—The image runs from RAM.
• r—The image runs from ROM.
• l—The image is relocatable.
• z—The image is zip compressed.
• x—The image is mzip compressed.
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Tools and equipment required for setup:
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Three-stage bootup process:
Power-on self test (POST)
Locate and load Cisco IOS
Locate startup configuration file or enter setup mode
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POST (Power On Self Test) – test hardware
After POST, the bootstrap program is loaded
Bootstrap locates IOS and loads it into RAM
– IOS can be located – flash memory, TFTP server, or
another location
– By default, IOS loads from flash
After IOS is loaded, bootstrap locates startup
configuration file in NVRAM (non-volatile random
access memory)
Startup configuration – when loaded into RAM (working
memory), it become the “running” configuration.
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Loading Cisco IOS
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Show version command output
Router>show version
• IOS version
• Bootstrap program stored in ROM
• Complete filename of IOS
• Type of CPU; amount of RAM
• Number & type of interfaces
• Amount of NVRAM (used to store startup config)
• Amount of Flash (used to store IOS
• Configuration register in hex
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Configuration register
Default setting – 0x2102 (remember this?)
– Loads IOS from flash
– Loads startup-config from NVRAM
Most common settings
• 0x2142 –ignores contents of
NVRAM/configuration
• 0x2120 – The router into ROMmon mode
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Initial ISR Router Configuration
Verifying and troubleshooting bootup process:
View output from the show version command
Use dir flash: and boot flash: in ROMmon mode
View boot system commands [see miage below on next slide]
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Out-of-band management for initial configuration
In-band management over a network connection
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Command Line Interface (CLI): text-based program
Can be used in both in-band or out-of-band
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SDM
Security Device Manager (SDM): web-based GUI
In-Band only
SDM Express (Basic) or Full package (Advanced
configuration)
Comes preinstalled in flash
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CLI vs. SDM
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Using Cisco SDM Express and SDM
Follow best practices for installing a new device to ensure
correct functions
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Eight SDM Express configuration screens:
• Overview
• Basic configuration
• LAN IP address
• DHCP
• Internet (WAN)
• Firewall
• Security settings
• Summary

Use Basic NAT Wizard to configure dynamic NAT with
PAT
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Use Cisco IOS CLI to perform an initial router
configuration
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Configure serial and Ethernet interfaces on a router
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(DTE) Data Terminal Equipment
endpoint of user’s device on the WAN
link; Cisco routers
(DCE) Data Communications
Equipment; provides clock rate;
modem; converts data from router to
acceptable format to cross the WAN
If back-to-back router scenario, one of
the routers will be DCE and one DTE.

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Configure a default route for the Cisco router
Default route used when router does not know where
to send a packet. IP address of
next-hop router
Or
port number

Configure a Cisco router to function as a DHCP server
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Configure static NAT on a Cisco router to enable Internet
access for an internal server
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Back up and restore configuration files using a TFTP server
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Capture and save configuration file output from a terminal
session
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Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) – network devices installed at
customer location.
Configuration checklists ensure that all configuration requirements
are met

Use inventory and configuration checklists and an
installation plan to ensure successful installation
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Types of customer connections over a WAN:
Point-to-point: often called leased lines; typically most
expensive; price based on bandwidth & distance between 2
points
Circuit-switched – similar to a phone call made over a
phone network; example is ISDN or dialup connection;
physical circuit reserved from source to destination
Packet-switched – each customer has a virtual circuit;
example is Frame Relay
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Customer Connections over WAN
Bandwidth and cost influence WAN choices
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Connecting the CPE to the ISP
 Clock rate and serial encapsulation are needed when configuring serial WAN
connections
– Clock rate is set by DCE
– DTE accepts clock rate
 Leased WAN connections use serial connection & require Channel Service
Unit/Data Service Unit (CSU/DSU
09/06/13

Initial Cisco 2960 Switch Configuration
 Fixed-configuration, standalone devices – does not use modules or flash card
slots. Physical configuration can’t be changed.
 Layer 2 device that directs stream of message coming in from one port, our of
another based on destination MAC address.
Configured using GUI or CLI
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Cisco 2960 switch
Comes preconfigured
Needs to be assigned basic security info
Basic commands (ex: hostname, passwords) sames as
ISR switch.
Configure management IP address
One virtual local area network, VLAN 1 is
preconfigured to provide access to management
functions.
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09/06/13
Switch settings can be configured using the Cisco
IOS CLI
Assign an IP address to the default management
virtual local area network, VLAN1

Check switch components
Connect cables to the switch
Power up the switch and observe POST
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Connect the stand-alone LAN switch to the router and
verify connectivity
Configure port security to prevent unauthorized use
Shut down unused ports
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Switch port security
Port security limits the # of MAC addresses allowed per port.
Set port to access mode using switchport mode access
command
3 ways to configure port security:
Static – MAC addresses are manually assigned using
switchport port-security mac-address [mac-address]
interface config command.
S1# configure terminal
S1(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/20
S1(config-if)#switchport mode access
S1(config-if)#switchport port-security mac-address
1000.2000.3000
S1(config-if)#end
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Dynamic MAC addresses are dynamically learned & stored in
address table
# of addresses stored can be controlled; default is one
address.
If port is shut down or switch is restarted, address learned
are cleared from the table
S1# configure terminal
 S1(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/20
 S1(config-if)#switchport mode access
 S1(config-if)#switchport port-security
 S1(config-if)#end
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Sticky – similar to dynamic
Addresses learned are saved to the running-config
 S1# configure terminal
 S1(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/20
 S1(config-if)#switchport mode access
 S1(config-if)#switchport port-security
 S1(config-if)#switchport port-security maximum 50
 S1(config-if)#switchport port-security mac-address
sticky
 S1(config-if)#end
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Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) gathers information about
directly-connected Cisco network devices
Two Cisco devices directly connected on the same local
network are called neighbors
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Describe the most common security threats and
how they impact enterprises
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09/06/13
Common Attacks

Describe the common mitigation techniques that
enterprises use to protect themselves against threats
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Explain the concept of the Network Security Wheel
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Explain the goals of a comprehensive security policy in
an organization
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Explain why the security of routers and their configuration settings is vital
to network operation
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Describe the recommended approach to applying Cisco IOS security
features on network routers
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Lessons Learned:
Cisco Device Management.
Enterprise Security
Some bonus Sheets and Tables
09/06/13

Network device management

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