Если вы используете MySQL, то для вас, скорее всего, важна производительность. Данный доклад посвящен теме производительности, и поэтому его стоит послушать. В рамках доклада будет рассмотрен практический метод оптимизации производительности MySQL, который большей частью применим для других баз данных тоже. Из доклада вы узнаете: + о том, как измерять производительность, учитывая требования пользователей и бизнеса; + о том, как ставить цели по производительности; + о том, как наиболее эффективно использовать ресурсы разработчиков и администраторов баз данных для получения максимального результата.

1. Peter Zaitsev,
CEO, Percona
November 3, 2015
Highload++
Moscow, Russia
Practical MySQL Performance
Optimization

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Few Words About Percona
Your Partner in
MySQL and
MongoDB Success
100% Open Source
Software
“No Lock in
Required” Solutions
and Services
We work with
MySQL, MariaDB,
MongoDB, Amazon
RDS and Aurora
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In This Presentation We’ll
Look at how to approach
Performance Optimization
Discuss Practical Performance
Optimization Tips
Look at the Tools which can help us

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First Things First
MySQL Performance
does not Matter!

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What DOES Matter?
Application
Performance!

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Even More so
Application
Performance
Always Matters!

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Take Away
Performance
Problems might
not be MySQL
Performance
Solutions might not
be with MySQL

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Many “Tools”
• MongoDB
• Cassandra
• Hadoop
• Elastic Search
• Redis
Use
the
best
Tool for
the job

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Say Performance
Think about
Response Time

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Related Issues
Stability
Scalability
Efficiency

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Scalability?
•Load
•Data Size
•Infrastructure
Scalability
with:

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Performance “Sandbags”
Security
Manageability
Compatibility
Compliance
Ease of use by Developers

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“Good Enough”
You can
always
improve your
system. Know
when to stop.

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What MySQL Does
•Selects
•Inserts
•Deletes
•Updates
Processes
Queries

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What to focus on?
• Making queries
run faster
• Using less
resources
• Scaling better
Performance
Optimization
focused

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Transaction Optimization
•Find out which
queries it runs
•Optimize them
Specific
Application
Transaction

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General Optimization
•Prioritize
them
•Optimize
them
Look at
what
queries
Server
Runs

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Queries
•Get rid of them?
•Can we change
them to be doing
less work?
Are
those
the
right
queries
?

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Things to Consider
• But avoid focusing only
on outliers
Do not look at
the average
case only
• Consider daily, weekly,
monthly cycles
Look at trends
over time
• Data size change?
Cardinality?
Think about
future
performance

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Query Tips
Do less queries – latency and overhead
Read or modify less data
Less data processing on the fly
How much data is traversed vs sent
How much data is sent vs used by app

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Schema
•Minor Schema
changes
•Data
Architecture
Look at
Schema
and
Queries
together

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Schema Tips
• http://bit.ly/1rAtamELearn Indexing
• Starting with Text book schema is OK
ending is likely not
Design
Schema for
data access
• Partitioning & Sharding
• Normalization and Denormalization
• Covering Indexes
Technics

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The Following Also Matter
Infrastructure
Operating System and Configuration
MySQL Version
MySQL Configuration

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Optimization Process
Low Hanging
Fruit
• MySQL
Configuration
• OS Settings
• Indexes
• Caching
Medium Level
• Infrastructure
• OS
• MySQL
Version
Hard Changes
• Major
schema
changes
• Application
architecture
change

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Infrastructure
Scaling Up or
Out
• One MySQL
Node
• Many MySQL
Nodes
Type
• Public Cloud
• Private Cloud
• Bare Metal

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Hardware
CPU
Memory
Disk
Network

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CPU
Intel owns the market
2 sockets commonly used
Faster cores or more cores
Turboboost

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Memory
Main purpose – Cache
Think Database size vs Memory
Look together with Storage
Optimization

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Invest in Memory or Storage

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Storage
Types
• Directly
Attached
• SAN
• NAS
• Virtualized
Flash
• PCI-E
• SATA
“Disks”
• TLC, MLC,
eMLC,
SLC
RAID
• Hardware
• Software
• Filesystem

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Network
Latency
• Distance
• Number of
“Hops”
Throughput
• 1Gb is a must,
trunking
recommended
• 10Gb
increasingly
affordable
Availability
• Bonding
• Multipath

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OS Choices
Linux
Server grade
Recent
Supporting MySQL well

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OS Tuning
Defaults are good for common
workloads
Filesystem: EXT4 or XFS
More Detail
http://bit.ly/MySQLonLinux

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MySQL Version
New versions typically improve performance
MySQL 5.7 is available now!
Scalability, Improved Optimizer, etc.
Expect some regressions
Try Percona Server 5.6

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MySQL Configuration
Do not run with defaults
Do not ever obsess with tuning
More Details: http://bit.ly/1vth5Cu

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MySQL Tuning in 1 slide
• max_connections
• log_bin
• table_open_cache_size
• table_definitions_cache_size
• open_files_limit
• innodb_buffer_pool_size
• innodb_log_file_size
• Innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit
• Innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT

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Tools and The Process

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Process
• Do not bring bad queries and
schema in production
Developers
Part
• Catch bad queries
• Validate changes in hardware,
configuration, versions
Operations
Process

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Queries will be impacted
Hardware Changes
Configuration
MySQL Version Changes
Impact of Data Growth
Changes to the Query Mix
Optimizer Plan Changes

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Tools
PT-Query-Digest from Percona Toolkit
MySQL Enterprise Monitor
MonYog
VividCortex
Graphite

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Performance Schema +
Graphite
• Performance Schema allows to plot query
information as time series
• Solution for Graphite
• Working on easy to use one for Grafana
• http://bit.ly/1KQSNWC

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Graphite Example

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Query Profile

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Server Profile

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To Sum it Up
It is Application Performance what Matters!
Use Right Tools for Right Job
See what Queries MySQL is Running
Reduce Number of Queries
Reduce Data They Return
See how they can do less work
Do that work more efficiently

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Want More ?
I’m talking about MySQL Replication Options
Free (as in Beer) Moscow MySQL Users Group
meetup November 6th,
Hosted by Mail.ru
http://www.meetup.com/moscowmysql/
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Percona Live 2016 call for
paper is Open
Call for Papers Open until November 29, 2016
MySQL, MongoDB, NoSQL, Data in The Cloud
Anything to make Data Happy!
http://bit.ly/PL16Call
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Peter Zaitsev
pz@percona.com
P.S We’re Hiring
http://bit.ly/PerconaJobs
Thank You!