Доклад Алексея Копытова на HighLoad++ 2014.

1. Webscale backups for MySQL
Alexey.Kopytov@percona.com
October 29, 2014

2. #BEAMERTHEME: Madrid

3. Êòî ÿ?
Àëåêñåé Êîïûòîâ <alexey.kopytov@percona.com>
I Percona Server
I Percona XtraBackup (ðóêîâîäèòåëü ïðîåêòà)
I Percona XtraDB Cluster

4. Òèïû ðåçåðâíûõ êîïèé
Ëîãè÷åñêèå
I äàííûå â âèäå SQL, ïîëó÷åííûå
îò ñåðâåðà
I òðåáóþò èìïîðò äëÿ
âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ (ìåäëåííî!)
I âîññòàíîâëåíèå ïîâðåæä¼ííûõ
äàííûõ
I upgrade/downgrade
Ôèçè÷åñêèå
I êîïèÿ ôàéëîâ äàííûõ ñ äèñêà
I êëîíèðîâàíèå
I âîññòàíîâëåíèå âñåé áàçû
öåëèêîì
Îáû÷íî èñïîëüçóþòñÿ îäíîâðåìåííî

5. Óòèëèòû äëÿ áýêàïîâ MySQL
I mysqldump
I mydumper
I mylvmbackup
I TokuDB Hot Backup
I MySQL Enterprise Backup
I Percona XtraBackup
I íå ñ÷èòàÿ ¾íàäñòðîåê¿

6. mysqldump
I ëîãè÷åñêèé áýêàï
I + âõîäèò â ïàêåòû MySQL/MariaDB/Percona Server
I íåò èíêðåìåíòàëüíûõ áýêàïîâ
I îäíîïîòî÷íûé
I Î×ÅÍÜ ìåäëåííîå âîññòàíîâëåíèå

7. mydumper
“How MySQL DBA support engineer would imagine mysqldump ”
I ëîãè÷åñêèé áýêàï
I + ìíîãîïîòî÷íàÿ âåðñèÿ mysqldump
I + îäíà òàáëèöà – îäèí ôàéë
I íåò èíêðåìåíòàëüíûõ áýêàïîâ
I òîëüêî ëîêàëüíûå áýêàïû (íåëüçÿ ñäåëàòü mydumper | ssh
remotehost)
I ìåäëåííîå âîññòàíîâëåíèå

8. mylvmbackup
I ôèçè÷åñêèé áýêàï
I + ëþáûå òèïû òàáëèö (InnoDB, TokuDB, etc.)
I íåò èíêðåìåíòàëüíûõ áýêàïîâ
I òîëüêî ëîêàëüíûå áýêàïû

9. TokuDB Hot Backup
I áèáëèîòåêà, ïåðåõâàòûâàþùàÿ I/O âûçîâû
I ôàêòè÷åñêè LVM snapshot â userspace

10. TokuDB Hot Backup
I ôèçè÷åñêèé áýêàï
I + ëþáûå òèïû òàáëèö (òåîðåòè÷åñêè)
I íåò èíêðåìåíòàëüíûõ áýêàïîâ
I òîëüêî ëîêàëüíûå áýêàïû
I – âñÿ çàïèñü â áàçó äóáëèðóåòñÿ â ïðîöåññå áýêàïà

11. MySQL Enterprise Backup
I ôèçè÷åñêèé áýêàï
I ïðîïðèåòàðíîå ÏÎ, äîñòóïíî ïî ïëàòíîé ïîäïèñêå
I + ¾ãîðÿ÷èé¿ áýêàï äëÿ InnoDB
I + èíêðåìåíòàëüíûå áýêàïû
I + áýêàïû íà óäàë¼ííûå õîñò
I + áûñòðîå âîññòàíîâëåíèå âñåé áàçû
I - áîëüøîé ðàçìåð íà äèñêå
I - íå ïîääåðæèâàåò íåêîòîðûå ðàñøèðåíèÿ XtraDB (Percona Server,
MariaDB)
I - íå ïîääåðæèâàåò TokuDB

12. Percona XtraBackup
I ôèçè÷åñêèé áýêàï
I ñâîáîäíàÿ, áåñïëàòíàÿ àëüòåðíàòèâà MySQL Enterprise Backup
I ïðàêòè÷åñêè 100% ñîâìåñòèìîñòü â ôóíêöèîíàëüíîñòè (+/- íþàíñû
ðåàëèçàöèè)
I ïîääåðæèâàåò MySQL, MariaDB, Percona Server, WebscaleSQL, . . .

13. ×òî âûáðàòü?
mydumper + Percona XtraBackup ïîêðûâàþò áîëüøèíñòâî ñëó÷àåâ
I ñòàäàðò äå-ôàêòî äëÿ Percona Managed Services
TokuDB? Òîãäà mylvmbackup !
I èñïîëüçóåòñÿ â Percona Cloud Tools
Åñòü ïîäïèñêà íà MySQL Enterprise?
I MySQL Enterprise Backup òîæå âàðèàíò! :)

14. Áîëüøèå îáú¼ìû äàííûõ

15. Áîëüøèå îáú¼ìû äàííûõ: mysqldump
I mysqldump --innodb-optimize-keys â ïàêåòàõ Percona Server
5.1/5.5/5.6
I óáèðàåò âòîðè÷íûå èíäåêñû èç InnoDB òàáëèö
I ïåðåñòðàèâàåò ïîñëå èìïîðòà äàííûõ “áûñòðûì” ìåòîäîì
I çíà÷èòåëüíî óñêîðÿåò èìïîðò
I ïîêà íå ðåàëèçîâàíî â MySQL (Bug #49120)
I ïîêà íå ðåàëèçîâàíî â mydumper

16. Áîëüøèå îáú¼ìû äàííûõ: PXB/MEB
¾Êîìïàêòíûå¿ áýêàïû â Percona XtraBackup
innobackupex --compact /backup/dir/
¾Skip unused pages¿ â MySQL Enterprise Backup
mysqlbackup --skip-unused-pages /backupdir
Ìåíüøå ðàçìåð íà äèñêå, íî áîëüøå âðåìåíè íà âîññòàíîâëåíèå!

17. Áëîêèðîâêè
Âñå óòèëèòû îáåùàþò ¾ãîðÿ÷èé¿ áýêàï.
Íà ñàìîì äåëå èñïîëüçóþò áëîêèðîâêè äëÿ:
I ñîãëàñîâàííîñòè ñ íåòðàíçàêöèîííûìè òàáëèöàìè
I ñîãëàñîâàííîñòè .frm ñ äàííûìè
I ñîãëàñîâàííîñòè master/slave êîîðäèíàò ñ êîïèåé äàííûõ

18. Áëîêèðîâêè: FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK
 ÷¼ì ïðîáëåìà íà âûñîêîíàãðóæåííûõ ñåðâåðàõ?
1. Ñáðîñèòü query cache
2. Çàáëîêèðîâàòü âñå íîâûå çàïèñè
3. Äîæäàòüñÿ çàâåðøåíèÿ âñåõ âûïîëíÿþùèõñÿ çàïèñåé
4. Äîæäàòüñÿ çàâåðøåíèÿ âñåõ SELECT
5. Çàáëîêèðîâàòü COMMIT

19. Áëîêèðîâêè: Backup locks â Percona Server 5.6
LOCK TABLES FOR BACKUP:
I áëîêèðóåò DDL è çàïèñè â íåòðàíçàêöèîííûå òàáëèöû
LOCK BINLOG FOR BACKUP:
I áëîêèðóåò COMMIT

20. Áëîêèðîâêè: FTWRL vs. Backup locks
Percona XtraBackup:
FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK
1. ñêîïèðîâàòü InnoDB òàáëèöû
2. FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
3. ñêîïèðîâàòü .frm, MyISAM, è ò.ä.
4. ïîëó÷èòü master/slave
êîîðäèíàòû
5. çàâåðøèòü êîïèðîâàíèå REDO log
6. UNLOCK TABLES;
Backup locks
1. ñêîïèðîâàòü InnoDB òàáëèöû
2. LOCK TABLES FOR BACKUP;
3. ñêîïèðîâàòü .frm, MyISAM, è ò.ä.
4. LOCK BINLOG FOR BACKUP;
5. çàâåðøèòü êîïèðîâàíèå REDO log
6. UNLOCK TABLES;
7. ïîëó÷èòü master/slave
êîîðäèíàòû
8. UNLOCK BINLOG;

21. Áëîêèðîâêè: FTWRL vs. Backup locks
mysqldump --single-transaction
I íå áëîêèðóåò ñåðâåð
I íå ðàáîòàåò, åñëè åñòü MyISAM è/èëè DDL
mysqldump --lock-all-tables
I áëîêèðóåò ñåðâåð
I ðàáîòàåò ñ MyISAM è DDL
Percona Server: mysqldump -single-transaction
--lock-for-backup:
I íå áëîêèðóåò ñåðâåð
I ðàáîòàåò ñ MyISAM è DDL

22. ×àñòè÷íûå êîïèè

23. ×àñòè÷íîå âîññòàíîâëåíèå

24. Èíêðåìåíòàëüíûå áýêàïû
Ðåàëèçàöèÿ èíêðåìåíòàëüíûõ áýêàïîâ â Percona XtraBackup è
MySQL Enterprise Backup:
I ñêîïèðîâàòü âñå ñòðàíèöû, äëÿ êîòîðûõ LSNîáíîâëåíèÿ LSNïîëíîãî áýêàïà
Ïðîáëåìà äëÿ áîëüøèõ îáú¼ìîâ äàííûõ:
I òðåáóåò ïîëíîãî ñêàíèðîâàíèÿ âñåõ äàííûõ

25. Èíêðåìåíòàëüíûå áýêàïû
Percona Server: innodb_track_changed_pages=1
I ñîõðàíÿåò bitmap èçìåí¼ííûõ ñòðàíèö â îòäåëüíûõ ôàéëàõ
Percona XtraBackup:
I àâòîìàòè÷åñêè èñïîëüçóåò bitmap ôàéëû âìåñòî ïîëíîãî ñêàíèðîâàíèÿ

26. Èíêðåìåíòàëüíûå áýêàïû
Percona Server: innodb_log_archive=1
I äóáëèðóåò REDO ëîã â îòäåëüíûõ ôàéëàõ
Percona XtraBackup:
I xtrabackup --prepare --log-arch-dir=/data/archived-logs/
ïðèêëàäûâàåò èçìåíåíèÿ áåç ïîëíîãî ñêàíèðîâàíèÿ

27. Ïðîâåðêà öåëîñòíîñòè
Ïðîáëåìà: êàê ïðîâåðèòü, ÷òî ñ áýêàïîì ¾âñ¼ â ïîðÿäêå¿?
I ïðîâåðêà êîíòðîëüíûõ ñóìì, ñïèñêà ôàéëîâ, è ò.ä. íå ãàðàíòèðóåò
öåëîñòíîñòü
I íå ñ ÷åì ñðàâíèâàòü:

28. Ïðîâåðêà öåëîñòíîñòè: ðåøåíèå
Ïðåäëîæåíî ïîëüçîâàòåëåì â ñïèñêå ðàññûëêè:
1. Ñîçäàòü slave èç áýêàïà
1. pt-table-checksum äëÿ ïðîâåðêè öåëîñòíîñòè ðåïëèêàöèè
2. profit!

29. Îáëàêà
Êòî ïîääåðæèâàåò cloud backups?
I mysqldump/mydumper
+ ñòîðîííèå óòèëèòû (s3cmd)
I MySQL Enterprise Backup ñ âåðñèè 3.10.2
I Percona XtraBackup 2.3 (ïîêà alpha)

30. Îáëàêà
MySQL Enterprise Backup
I ñåé÷àñ: Amazon S3
I â ïëàíàõ: ?
Percona XtraBackup:
I ñåé÷àñ: OpenStack
I â ïëàíàõ: Amazon S3, Amazon Glacier

31. Îáëàêà: Percona XtraBackup
Ñîçäàíèå áýêàïà:
innobackupex --stream=xbstream /tmp |
xbcloud put --storage=swift
--swift-container=testbackup
--swift-user=user
--swift-password=password
--swift-url=http://my.cloud.com/
--swift-key=testkey
--parallel=10

32. Îáëàêà: Percona XtraBackup
Âîññòàíîâëåíèå èç áýêàïà:
xbcloud get --storage=swift
--swift-container=testbackup
--swift-user=user
--swift-key=testkey
--swift-url=http://my.cloud.com/
--parallel=10 | xbstream -x /data/backup
innobackupex --apply-log /data/backup
innobackupex --copy-back /data/backup

33. Âîïðîñû!